gguf-py : move scripts directory (#11116)

* Moved scripts dir and fixed pyproject.toml

* updated readme

* fixed README urls

* bump pypi gguf to v0.14.0

* retrigger ci

* empty commit - trigger ci

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ jobs:
           - build: 'llvm-arm64'
             defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON'
           - build: 'msvc-arm64'
-            defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-msvc.cmake -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=O'
+            defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-msvc.cmake -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON'
           - build: 'llvm-arm64-opencl-adreno'
             defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release" -DGGML_OPENCL=ON -DGGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS=ON'
 
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create release
         id: create_release
-        uses: anzz1/action-create-release@v1
+        uses: ggml-org/action-create-release@v1
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -97,10 +97,9 @@ jobs:
           GITHUB_BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
           GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER: '${{ github.repository_owner }}'
 
-      # https://github.com/jlumbroso/free-disk-space/tree/54081f138730dfa15788a46383842cd2f914a1be#example
       - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
         if: ${{ matrix.config.free_disk_space == true }}
-        uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
+        uses: ggml-org/free-disk-space@v1.3.1
         with:
           # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
           # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB

.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml

@@ -23,5 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: editorconfig-checker/action-editorconfig-checker@main
+      - uses: editorconfig-checker/action-editorconfig-checker@v2
+        with:
+          version: v3.0.3
       - run: editorconfig-checker

CODEOWNERS

@@ -3,3 +3,9 @@
 /ci/ @ggerganov
 /.devops/*.Dockerfile @ngxson
 /examples/server/ @ngxson
+/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn* @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.* @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.* @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.* @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/gguf.cpp @JohannesGaessler

common/arg.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ common_arg & common_arg::set_examples(std::initializer_list<enum llama_example>
     return *this;
 }
 
+common_arg & common_arg::set_excludes(std::initializer_list<enum llama_example> excludes) {
+    this->excludes = std::move(excludes);
+    return *this;
+}
+
 common_arg & common_arg::set_env(const char * env) {
     help = help + "\n(env: " + env + ")";
     this->env = env;
@@ -37,6 +42,10 @@ bool common_arg::in_example(enum llama_example ex) {
     return examples.find(ex) != examples.end();
 }
 
+bool common_arg::is_exclude(enum llama_example ex) {
+    return excludes.find(ex) != excludes.end();
+}
+
 bool common_arg::get_value_from_env(std::string & output) {
     if (env == nullptr) return false;
     char * value = std::getenv(env);
@@ -420,7 +429,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
      * - if both {LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_*,} are set, we will prioritize the LLAMA_EXAMPLE_* matching current example
      */
     auto add_opt = [&](common_arg arg) {
-        if (arg.in_example(ex) || arg.in_example(LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON)) {
+        if ((arg.in_example(ex) || arg.in_example(LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON)) && !arg.is_exclude(ex)) {
             ctx_arg.options.push_back(std::move(arg));
         }
     };
@@ -649,7 +658,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.prompt = value;
         }
-    ));
+    ).set_excludes({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--no-perf"},
         string_format("disable internal libllama performance timings (default: %s)", params.no_perf ? "true" : "false"),
@@ -673,7 +682,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
                 params.prompt.pop_back();
             }
         }
-    ));
+    ).set_excludes({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--in-file"}, "FNAME",
         "an input file (repeat to specify multiple files)",
@@ -700,7 +709,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.prompt = ss.str();
             fprintf(stderr, "Read %zu bytes from binary file %s\n", params.prompt.size(), value.c_str());
         }
-    ));
+    ).set_excludes({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-e", "--escape"},
         string_format("process escapes sequences (\\n, \\r, \\t, \\', \\\", \\\\) (default: %s)", params.escape ? "true" : "false"),

common/arg.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 struct common_arg {
     std::set<enum llama_example> examples = {LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON};
+    std::set<enum llama_example> excludes = {};
     std::vector<const char *> args;
     const char * value_hint   = nullptr; // help text or example for arg value
     const char * value_hint_2 = nullptr; // for second arg value
@@ -53,9 +54,11 @@ struct common_arg {
     ) : args(args), value_hint(value_hint), value_hint_2(value_hint_2), help(help), handler_str_str(handler) {}
 
     common_arg & set_examples(std::initializer_list<enum llama_example> examples);
+    common_arg & set_excludes(std::initializer_list<enum llama_example> excludes);
     common_arg & set_env(const char * env);
     common_arg & set_sparam();
     bool in_example(enum llama_example ex);
+    bool is_exclude(enum llama_example ex);
     bool get_value_from_env(std::string & output);
     bool has_value_from_env();
     std::string to_string();

common/common.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #define _SILENCE_CXX17_CODECVT_HEADER_DEPRECATION_WARNING
 #endif
 
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+
 #include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"
 // Change JSON_ASSERT from assert() to GGML_ASSERT:

convert_lora_to_gguf.py

@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@ def get_base_tensor_name(lora_tensor_name: str) -> str:
     base_name = lora_tensor_name.replace("base_model.model.", "")
     base_name = base_name.replace(".lora_A.weight", ".weight")
     base_name = base_name.replace(".lora_B.weight", ".weight")
+    # models produced by mergekit-extract-lora have token embeddings in the adapter
+    base_name = base_name.replace(".lora_embedding_A", ".weight")
+    base_name = base_name.replace(".lora_embedding_B", ".weight")
     return base_name
 
 
@@ -260,6 +263,10 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
         "--base", type=Path,
         help="directory containing Hugging Face model config files (config.json, tokenizer.json) for the base model that the adapter is based on - only config is needed, actual model weights are not required. If base model is unspecified, it will be loaded from Hugging Face hub based on the adapter config",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--base-model-id", type=str,
+        help="the model ID of the base model, if it is not available locally or in the adapter config. If specified, it will ignore --base and load the base model config from the Hugging Face hub (Example: 'meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct')",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "lora_path", type=Path,
         help="directory containing Hugging Face PEFT LoRA config (adapter_model.json) and weights (adapter_model.safetensors or adapter_model.bin)",
@@ -290,6 +297,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     dir_base_model: Path | None = args.base
     dir_lora: Path = args.lora_path
+    base_model_id: str | None = args.base_model_id
     lora_config = dir_lora / "adapter_config.json"
     input_model = dir_lora / "adapter_model.safetensors"
 
@@ -313,7 +321,10 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         lparams: dict[str, Any] = json.load(f)
 
     # load base model
-    if dir_base_model is None:
+    if base_model_id is not None:
+        logger.info(f"Loading base model from Hugging Face: {base_model_id}")
+        hparams = load_hparams_from_hf(base_model_id)
+    elif dir_base_model is None:
         if "base_model_name_or_path" in lparams:
             model_id = lparams["base_model_name_or_path"]
             logger.info(f"Loading base model from Hugging Face: {model_id}")
@@ -371,11 +382,16 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
                     if self.lazy:
                         tensor = LazyTorchTensor.from_eager(tensor)
                     base_name = get_base_tensor_name(name)
-                    is_lora_a = ".lora_A.weight" in name
-                    is_lora_b = ".lora_B.weight" in name
+                    # note: mergekit-extract-lora also adds token embeddings to the adapter
+                    is_lora_a = ".lora_A.weight" in name or ".lora_embedding_A" in name
+                    is_lora_b = ".lora_B.weight" in name or ".lora_embedding_B" in name
                     if not is_lora_a and not is_lora_b:
                         if ".base_layer.weight" in name:
                             continue
+                        # mergekit-extract-lora add these layernorm to the adapter, we need to keep them
+                        if "_layernorm" in name or ".norm" in name:
+                            yield (base_name, tensor)
+                            continue
                         logger.error(f"Unexpected name '{name}': Not a lora_A or lora_B tensor")
                         if ".embed_tokens.weight" in name or ".lm_head.weight" in name:
                             logger.error("Embeddings is present in the adapter. This can be due to new tokens added during fine tuning")
@@ -407,9 +423,21 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
                 if name == "lm_head.weight" and len(dest) == 0:
                     raise ValueError("lm_head is present in adapter, but is ignored in base model")
                 for dest_name, dest_data in dest:
+                    # mergekit-extract-lora add these layernorm to the adapter
+                    if "_norm" in dest_name:
+                        assert dest_data.dim() == 1
+                        yield (dest_name, dest_data)
+                        continue
+
+                    # otherwise, we must get the lora_A and lora_B tensors
                     assert isinstance(dest_data, LoraTorchTensor)
                     lora_a, lora_b = dest_data.get_lora_A_B()
 
+                    # note: mergekit-extract-lora flip and transpose A and B
+                    # here we only need to transpose token_embd.lora_a, see llm_build_inp_embd()
+                    if "token_embd.weight" in dest_name:
+                        lora_a = lora_a.T
+
                     yield (dest_name + ".lora_a", lora_a)
                     yield (dest_name + ".lora_b", lora_b)
 

examples/convert-llama2c-to-ggml/convert-llama2c-to-ggml.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"

examples/cvector-generator/cvector-generator.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+
 #include "arg.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "llama.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
 #include "pca.hpp"
 #include "mean.hpp"
 

examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-#include "arg.h"
-#include "common.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-alloc.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "common.h"
 
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>

examples/gguf-hash/gguf-hash.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 
 #include <cstdlib>   /* abort() */
 #include <cstddef>

examples/gguf-split/gguf-split.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "common.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <climits>
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <stdexcept>
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
     #include <windows.h>
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ struct split_strategy {
                 total_size += ggml_nbytes(t);
             }
             total_size = total_size / 1000 / 1000; // convert to megabytes
-            printf("split %05d: n_tensors = %d, total_size = %zuM\n", i_split + 1, gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_out), total_size);
+            printf("split %05d: n_tensors = %" PRIi64 ", total_size = %zuM\n", i_split + 1, gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_out), total_size);
             i_split++;
         }
     }

examples/gguf/gguf.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 
 #include <cstdio>
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include <string>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <fstream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #undef MIN
@@ -135,9 +134,10 @@ static bool gguf_ex_read_0(const std::string & fname) {
 
         for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
             const char * name   = gguf_get_tensor_name  (ctx, i);
+            const size_t size   = gguf_get_tensor_size  (ctx, i);
             const size_t offset = gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx, i);
 
-            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, offset = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, offset);
+            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, size = %zu, offset = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, size, offset);
         }
     }
 
@@ -182,9 +182,10 @@ static bool gguf_ex_read_1(const std::string & fname, bool check_data) {
 
         for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
             const char * name   = gguf_get_tensor_name  (ctx, i);
+            const size_t size   = gguf_get_tensor_size  (ctx, i);
             const size_t offset = gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx, i);
 
-            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, offset = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, offset);
+            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, size = %zu, offset = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, size, offset);
         }
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +200,8 @@ static bool gguf_ex_read_1(const std::string & fname, bool check_data) {
 
             struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(ctx_data, name);
 
-            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: n_dims = %d, name = %s, data = %p\n", __func__, i, ggml_n_dims(cur), cur->name, cur->data);
+            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: n_dims = %d, ne = (%d, %d, %d, %d), name = %s, data = %p\n",
+                __func__, i, ggml_n_dims(cur), int(cur->ne[0]), int(cur->ne[1]), int(cur->ne[2]), int(cur->ne[3]), cur->name, cur->data);
 
             // print first 10 elements
             const float * data = (const float *) cur->data;
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ static bool gguf_ex_read_1(const std::string & fname, bool check_data) {
                 const float * data = (const float *) cur->data;
                 for (int j = 0; j < ggml_nelements(cur); ++j) {
                     if (data[j] != 100 + i) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "%s: tensor[%d]: data[%d] = %f\n", __func__, i, j, data[j]);
+                        fprintf(stderr, "%s: tensor[%d], data[%d]: found %f, expected %f\n", __func__, i, j, data[j], float(100 + i));
                         gguf_free(ctx);
                         return false;
                     }
@@ -245,6 +247,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         check_data = false;
     }
 
+    srand(123456);
+
     const std::string fname(argv[1]);
     const std::string mode (argv[2]);
 

examples/llava/clip.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-alloc.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 
 //#ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
 //#include "ggml-cuda.h"
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ static std::string gguf_kv_to_str(const struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf, int i) {
             {
                 const enum gguf_type arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx_gguf, i);
                 int arr_n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx_gguf, i);
-                const void * data = gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
+                const void * data = arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING ? nullptr : gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
                 std::stringstream ss;
                 ss << "[";
                 for (int j = 0; j < arr_n; j++) {
@@ -2734,7 +2735,8 @@ bool clip_model_quantize(const char * fname_inp, const char * fname_out, const i
         total_size_org += orig_size;
         total_size_new += new_size;
         gguf_set_tensor_type(ctx_out, name.c_str(), new_type);
-        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_out, name.c_str(), new_data, new_size);
+        GGML_ASSERT(gguf_get_tensor_size(ctx_out, gguf_find_tensor(ctx_out, name.c_str())) == new_size);
+        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_out, name.c_str(), new_data);
         fout.write((const char *)new_data, new_size);
         size_t pad = GGML_PAD(new_size, gguf_get_alignment(ctx_out)) - new_size;
         for (size_t j = 0; j < pad; ++j) {

examples/run/run.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #    include <curl/curl.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <signal.h>
+
 #include <climits>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -25,6 +27,13 @@
 #include "json.hpp"
 #include "llama-cpp.h"
 
+#if defined(__unix__) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) || defined(_WIN32)
+[[noreturn]] static void sigint_handler(int) {
+    printf("\n");
+    exit(0);  // not ideal, but it's the only way to guarantee exit in all cases
+}
+#endif
+
 GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(1, 2)
 static std::string fmt(const char * fmt, ...) {
     va_list ap;
@@ -801,7 +810,20 @@ static int generate(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & prompt, std::str
 
 static int read_user_input(std::string & user) {
     std::getline(std::cin, user);
-    return user.empty();  // Should have data in happy path
+    if (std::cin.eof()) {
+        printf("\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (user == "/bye") {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (user.empty()) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    return 0;  // Should have data in happy path
 }
 
 // Function to generate a response based on the prompt
@@ -868,7 +890,25 @@ static bool is_stdout_a_terminal() {
 #endif
 }
 
-// Function to tokenize the prompt
+// Function to handle user input
+static int get_user_input(std::string & user_input, const std::string & user) {
+    while (true) {
+        const int ret = handle_user_input(user_input, user);
+        if (ret == 1) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (ret == 2) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Main chat loop function
 static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user) {
     int prev_len = 0;
     llama_data.fmtted.resize(llama_n_ctx(llama_data.context.get()));
@@ -876,7 +916,8 @@ static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user) {
     while (true) {
         // Get user input
         std::string user_input;
-        while (handle_user_input(user_input, user)) {
+        if (get_user_input(user_input, user) == 1) {
+            return 0;
         }
 
         add_message("user", user.empty() ? user_input : user, llama_data);
@@ -917,7 +958,23 @@ static std::string read_pipe_data() {
     return result.str();
 }
 
+static void ctrl_c_handling() {
+#if defined(__unix__) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__))
+    struct sigaction sigint_action;
+    sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
+    sigemptyset(&sigint_action.sa_mask);
+    sigint_action.sa_flags = 0;
+    sigaction(SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL);
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    auto console_ctrl_handler = +[](DWORD ctrl_type) -> BOOL {
+        return (ctrl_type == CTRL_C_EVENT) ? (sigint_handler(SIGINT), true) : false;
+    };
+    SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
+#endif
+}
+
 int main(int argc, const char ** argv) {
+    ctrl_c_handling();
     Opt       opt;
     const int ret = opt.init(argc, argv);
     if (ret == 2) {

examples/server/README.md

@@ -45,10 +45,7 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `-ub, --ubatch-size N` | physical maximum batch size (default: 512)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_UBATCH) |
 | `--keep N` | number of tokens to keep from the initial prompt (default: 0, -1 = all) |
 | `-fa, --flash-attn` | enable Flash Attention (default: disabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN) |
-| `-p, --prompt PROMPT` | prompt to start generation with |
 | `--no-perf` | disable internal libllama performance timings (default: false)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_NO_PERF) |
-| `-f, --file FNAME` | a file containing the prompt (default: none) |
-| `-bf, --binary-file FNAME` | binary file containing the prompt (default: none) |
 | `-e, --escape` | process escapes sequences (\n, \r, \t, \', \", \\) (default: true) |
 | `--no-escape` | do not process escape sequences |
 | `--rope-scaling {none,linear,yarn}` | RoPE frequency scaling method, defaults to linear unless specified by the model<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE) |

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -243,7 +243,8 @@ set(GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS
     include/ggml-metal.h
     include/ggml-rpc.h
     include/ggml-sycl.h
-    include/ggml-vulkan.h)
+    include/ggml-vulkan.h
+    include/gguf.h)
 
 set_target_properties(ggml PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER "${GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS}")
 #if (GGML_METAL)

ggml/include/ggml-cpp.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-alloc.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 #include <memory>
 
 // Smart pointers for ggml types

ggml/include/ggml.h

@@ -241,12 +241,6 @@
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  8
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION 24
 
-#define GGUF_MAGIC "GGUF"
-
-#define GGUF_VERSION 3
-
-#define GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT 32
-
 #define GGML_UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
 
 #define GGML_PAD(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
@@ -403,12 +397,6 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_PREC_F32,
     };
 
-    enum ggml_backend_type {
-        GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_CPU = 0,
-        GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_GPU = 10,
-        GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_GPU_SPLIT = 20,
-    };
-
     // model file types
     enum ggml_ftype {
         GGML_FTYPE_UNKNOWN        = -1,
@@ -587,8 +575,6 @@ extern "C" {
     struct ggml_tensor {
         enum ggml_type type;
 
-        GGML_DEPRECATED(enum ggml_backend_type backend, "use the buffer type to find the storage location of the tensor");
-
         struct ggml_backend_buffer * buffer;
 
         int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS]; // number of elements
@@ -2111,132 +2097,6 @@ extern "C" {
                    int64_t   n_per_row,
                const float * imatrix);
 
-    //
-    // gguf
-    //
-
-    enum gguf_type {
-        GGUF_TYPE_UINT8   = 0,
-        GGUF_TYPE_INT8    = 1,
-        GGUF_TYPE_UINT16  = 2,
-        GGUF_TYPE_INT16   = 3,
-        GGUF_TYPE_UINT32  = 4,
-        GGUF_TYPE_INT32   = 5,
-        GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT32 = 6,
-        GGUF_TYPE_BOOL    = 7,
-        GGUF_TYPE_STRING  = 8,
-        GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY   = 9,
-        GGUF_TYPE_UINT64  = 10,
-        GGUF_TYPE_INT64   = 11,
-        GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT64 = 12,
-        GGUF_TYPE_COUNT,       // marks the end of the enum
-    };
-
-    struct gguf_context;
-
-    struct gguf_init_params {
-        bool no_alloc;
-
-        // if not NULL, create a ggml_context and allocate the tensor data in it
-        struct ggml_context ** ctx;
-    };
-
-    GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_empty(void);
-    GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file(const char * fname, struct gguf_init_params params);
-    //GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_buffer(..);
-
-    GGML_API void gguf_free(struct gguf_context * ctx);
-
-    GGML_API const char * gguf_type_name(enum gguf_type type);
-
-    GGML_API int    gguf_get_version    (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API size_t gguf_get_alignment  (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API size_t gguf_get_data_offset(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API void * gguf_get_data       (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-
-    GGML_API int          gguf_get_n_kv(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API int          gguf_find_key(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key);
-    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_key (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-
-    GGML_API enum gguf_type gguf_get_kv_type (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API enum gguf_type gguf_get_arr_type(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-
-    // will abort if the wrong type is used for the key
-    GGML_API uint8_t      gguf_get_val_u8  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API int8_t       gguf_get_val_i8  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API uint16_t     gguf_get_val_u16 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API int16_t      gguf_get_val_i16 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API uint32_t     gguf_get_val_u32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API int32_t      gguf_get_val_i32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API float        gguf_get_val_f32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API uint64_t     gguf_get_val_u64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API int64_t      gguf_get_val_i64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API double       gguf_get_val_f64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API bool         gguf_get_val_bool(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_val_str (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API const void * gguf_get_val_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API int          gguf_get_arr_n   (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API const void * gguf_get_arr_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id);
-    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_arr_str (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int key_id, int i);
-
-    GGML_API int            gguf_get_n_tensors    (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API int            gguf_find_tensor      (const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name);
-    GGML_API size_t         gguf_get_tensor_offset(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int i);
-    GGML_API char *         gguf_get_tensor_name  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int i);
-    GGML_API enum ggml_type gguf_get_tensor_type  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int i);
-
-    // removes key if it exists
-    GGML_API void gguf_remove_key(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key);
-
-    // overrides existing values or adds a new one
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u8  (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint8_t  val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i8  (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int8_t   val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u16 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint16_t val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i16 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int16_t  val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint32_t val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int32_t  val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_f32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, float    val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint64_t val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int64_t  val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_f64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, double   val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_bool(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, bool     val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_str (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, const char * val);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_arr_data(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, enum gguf_type type, const void * data, int n);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_arr_str (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, const char ** data, int n);
-
-    // set or add KV pairs from another context
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_kv(struct gguf_context * ctx, struct gguf_context * src);
-
-    // manage tensor info
-    GGML_API void gguf_add_tensor(struct gguf_context * ctx, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_tensor_type(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name, enum ggml_type type);
-    GGML_API void gguf_set_tensor_data(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name, const void * data, size_t size);
-
-    // writing gguf files can be done in 2 ways:
-    //
-    // - write the entire gguf_context to a binary file in a single pass:
-    //
-    //   gguf_write_to_file(ctx, fname);
-    //
-    // - first prepare a file with a placeholder for the meta data, write the tensor data, then write the meta data:
-    //
-    //   FILE * f = fopen(fname, "wb");
-    //   fseek(f, gguf_get_meta_size(ctx), SEEK_SET);
-    //   fwrite(f, ...);
-    //   void * data = gguf_meta_get_meta_data(ctx);
-    //   fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
-    //   fwrite(f, data, gguf_get_meta_size(ctx));
-    //   free(data);
-    //   fclose(f);
-    //
-
-    // write the entire context to a binary file
-    GGML_API void gguf_write_to_file(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * fname, bool only_meta);
-
-    // get the size in bytes of the meta data (header, kv pairs, tensor info) including padding
-    GGML_API size_t gguf_get_meta_size(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
-    GGML_API void   gguf_get_meta_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, void * data);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
     // restrict not standard in C++
 #    if defined(__GNUC__)

ggml/include/gguf.h

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// This file contains functionality related to "GGUF" files, the binary file format used by ggml.
+// GGUF files have the following structure:
+//
+// 1. File magic "GGUF" (4 bytes).
+// 2. File version (uint32_t).
+// 3. Number of ggml tensors in file (int64_t).
+// 4. Number of key-value-pairs in file (int64_t).
+// 5. For each KV pair:
+//   1. The key (string).
+//   2. The value type (gguf_type).
+//   3a. If the value type is GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY:
+//     1. The type of the array (gguf_type).
+//     2. The number of elements in the array (uint64_t).
+//     3. The binary representation of each element in the array.
+//   3b. Otherwise:
+//     1. The binary representation of the value.
+// 6. For each ggml tensor:
+//   1. The tensor name (string).
+//   2. The number of dimensions of the tensor (uint32_t).
+//   3. For each dimension:
+//     1. The size of the tensor in the dimension (int64_t).
+//   4. The tensor data type (ggml_type).
+//   5. The tensor data offset in the tensor data binary blob (uint64_t).
+// 7. The tensor data binary blob (optional, aligned).
+//
+// Strings are serialized as the string length (uint64_t) followed by the C string without the null terminator.
+// All enums are stored as int32_t.
+// All bool values are stored as int8_t.
+// If the special key "general.alignment" (uint32_t) is defined it is used for alignment,
+//   otherwise GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT is used.
+//
+// Module maintainer: Johannes Gäßler (@JohannesGaessler, johannesg@5d6.de)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define GGUF_MAGIC   "GGUF"
+#define GGUF_VERSION 3
+
+#define GGUF_KEY_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT "general.alignment"
+
+#define GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT 32
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    // types that can be stored as GGUF KV data
+    enum gguf_type {
+        GGUF_TYPE_UINT8   = 0,
+        GGUF_TYPE_INT8    = 1,
+        GGUF_TYPE_UINT16  = 2,
+        GGUF_TYPE_INT16   = 3,
+        GGUF_TYPE_UINT32  = 4,
+        GGUF_TYPE_INT32   = 5,
+        GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT32 = 6,
+        GGUF_TYPE_BOOL    = 7,
+        GGUF_TYPE_STRING  = 8,
+        GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY   = 9,
+        GGUF_TYPE_UINT64  = 10,
+        GGUF_TYPE_INT64   = 11,
+        GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT64 = 12,
+        GGUF_TYPE_COUNT,       // marks the end of the enum
+    };
+
+    struct gguf_context;
+
+    struct gguf_init_params {
+        bool no_alloc;
+
+        // if not NULL, create a ggml_context and allocate the tensor data in it
+        struct ggml_context ** ctx;
+    };
+
+    GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_empty(void);
+    GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file(const char * fname, struct gguf_init_params params);
+    //GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_buffer(..);
+
+    GGML_API void gguf_free(struct gguf_context * ctx);
+
+    GGML_API const char * gguf_type_name(enum gguf_type type);
+
+    GGML_API uint32_t gguf_get_version    (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+    GGML_API size_t   gguf_get_alignment  (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+    GGML_API size_t   gguf_get_data_offset(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+
+    GGML_API int64_t      gguf_get_n_kv(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+    GGML_API int64_t      gguf_find_key(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key); // returns -1 if key is not found
+    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_key (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+
+    GGML_API enum gguf_type gguf_get_kv_type (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API enum gguf_type gguf_get_arr_type(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+
+    // will abort if the wrong type is used for the key
+    GGML_API uint8_t      gguf_get_val_u8  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API int8_t       gguf_get_val_i8  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API uint16_t     gguf_get_val_u16 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API int16_t      gguf_get_val_i16 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API uint32_t     gguf_get_val_u32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API int32_t      gguf_get_val_i32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API float        gguf_get_val_f32 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API uint64_t     gguf_get_val_u64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API int64_t      gguf_get_val_i64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API double       gguf_get_val_f64 (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API bool         gguf_get_val_bool(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_val_str (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API const void * gguf_get_val_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+    GGML_API size_t       gguf_get_arr_n   (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+
+    // get raw pointer to the first element of the array with the given key_id
+    // for bool arrays, note that they are always stored as int8 on all platforms (usually this makes no difference)
+    GGML_API const void * gguf_get_arr_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id);
+
+    // get ith C string from array with given key_id
+    GGML_API const char * gguf_get_arr_str (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t key_id, size_t i);
+
+    GGML_API int64_t        gguf_get_n_tensors    (const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+    GGML_API int64_t        gguf_find_tensor      (const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name); // returns -1 if the tensor is not found
+    GGML_API size_t         gguf_get_tensor_offset(const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t tensor_id);
+    GGML_API const char *   gguf_get_tensor_name  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t tensor_id);
+    GGML_API enum ggml_type gguf_get_tensor_type  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t tensor_id);
+    GGML_API size_t         gguf_get_tensor_size  (const struct gguf_context * ctx, int64_t tensor_id);
+
+    // removes key if it exists, returns id that the key had prior to removal (-1 if it didn't exist)
+    GGML_API int64_t gguf_remove_key(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key);
+
+    // overrides an existing KV pair or adds a new one, the new KV pair is always at the back
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u8  (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint8_t      val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i8  (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int8_t       val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u16 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint16_t     val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i16 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int16_t      val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint32_t     val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int32_t      val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_f32 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, float        val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_u64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, uint64_t     val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_i64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, int64_t      val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_f64 (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, double       val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_bool(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, bool         val);
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_val_str (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, const char * val);
+
+    // creates a new array with n elements of the given type and copies the corresponding number of bytes from data
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_arr_data(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, enum gguf_type type, const void * data, size_t n);
+
+    // creates a new array with n strings and copies the corresponding strings from data
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_arr_str (struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * key, const char ** data, size_t n);
+
+    // set or add KV pairs from another context
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_kv(struct gguf_context * ctx, const struct gguf_context * src);
+
+    // add tensor to GGUF context, tensor name must be unique
+    GGML_API void gguf_add_tensor(struct gguf_context * ctx, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
+    // after changing a tensor's type, the offsets of all tensors with higher indices are immediately recalculated
+    //   in such a way that the tensor data remains as one contiguous block (except for padding)
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_tensor_type(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name, enum ggml_type type);
+
+    // assumes that at least gguf_get_tensor_size bytes can be read from data
+    GGML_API void gguf_set_tensor_data(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name, const void * data);
+
+    // writing gguf files can be done in 3 ways:
+    //
+    // - write the entire gguf_context to a binary file in a single pass:
+    //
+    //   gguf_write_to_file(ctx, fname, /*only_meta =*/ false);
+    //
+    // - write only the meta data to a file, then re-open the file and append the tensor data:
+    //
+    //   gguf_write_to_file(ctx, fname, /*only_meta =*/ true);
+    //   FILE * f = fopen(fname, "ab");
+    //   fwrite(f, ...); // write tensor data
+    //   fclose(f);
+    //
+    // - first prepare a file with a placeholder for the meta data, write the tensor data, then write the meta data:
+    //
+    //   FILE * f = fopen(fname, "wb");
+    //   const size_t size_meta = gguf_get_meta_size(ctx);
+    //   fseek(f, size_meta, SEEK_SET);
+    //   fwrite(f, ...); // write tensor data
+    //   void * data = malloc(size_meta);
+    //   gguf_get_meta_data(ctx, data);
+    //   rewind(f);
+    //   fwrite(data, 1, data, f);
+    //   free(data);
+    //   fclose(f);
+    //
+
+    // write the entire context to a binary file
+    GGML_API bool gguf_write_to_file(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * fname, bool only_meta);
+
+    // get the size in bytes of the meta data (header, kv pairs, tensor info) including padding
+    GGML_API size_t gguf_get_meta_size(const struct gguf_context * ctx);
+
+    // writes the meta data to pointer "data"
+    GGML_API void   gguf_get_meta_data(const struct gguf_context * ctx, void * data);
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ add_library(ggml-base
             ../include/ggml-backend.h
             ../include/ggml-cpp.h
             ../include/ggml-opt.h
+            ../include/gguf.h
             ggml.c
             ggml-alloc.c
             ggml-backend.cpp
@@ -215,7 +216,8 @@ add_library(ggml-base
             ggml-threading.cpp
             ggml-threading.h
             ggml-quants.c
-            ggml-quants.h)
+            ggml-quants.h
+            gguf.cpp)
 
 target_include_directories(ggml-base PRIVATE .)
 

ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp

@@ -574,4 +574,9 @@ void ggml_backend_load_all_from_path(const char * dir_path) {
     ggml_backend_load_best("opencl", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("musa", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("cpu", silent, dir_path);
+    // check the environment variable GGML_BACKEND_PATH to load an out-of-tree backend
+    const char * backend_path = std::getenv("GGML_BACKEND_PATH");
+    if (backend_path) {
+        ggml_backend_load(backend_path);
+    }
 }

ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp

@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ static int ggml_backend_sched_backend_id_from_cur(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, st
         if (tensor->op != GGML_OP_ROPE && src->buffer != NULL && src->buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS) {
             int src_backend_id = ggml_backend_sched_backend_from_buffer(sched, src, tensor);
             // check if a backend with higher prio wants to offload the op
-            if (src_backend_id == sched->n_backends - 1) {
+            if (src_backend_id == sched->n_backends - 1 && ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
                 for (int b = 0; b < src_backend_id; b++) {
                     if (ggml_backend_supports_op(sched->backends[b], tensor) && ggml_backend_offload_op(sched->backends[b], tensor)) {
                         SET_CAUSE(tensor, "1.off");

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-aarch64.cpp

@@ -4169,6 +4169,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cpu_aarch64_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(g
     buffer->buft              = buft;
     buffer->iface.init_tensor = ggml_backend_cpu_aarch64_buffer_init_tensor;
     buffer->iface.set_tensor  = ggml_backend_cpu_aarch64_buffer_set_tensor;
+    buffer->iface.get_tensor  = nullptr;
+    buffer->iface.cpy_tensor  = nullptr;
     return buffer;
 }
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <array>
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #define NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
@@ -1051,6 +1052,704 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_AVX {
       } \
    } \
 
+template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
+class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
+  public:
+    tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC(int64_t k,
+                const TA *A, int64_t lda,
+                const TB *B, int64_t ldb,
+                TC *C, int64_t ldc,
+                int ith, int nth)
+        : A(A), B(B), C(C), k(k), lda(lda), ldb(ldb), ldc(ldc), ith(ith), nth(nth) {
+    }
+
+    void matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
+        mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+    }
+
+  private:
+
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void save_res(int ii, int jj, int idx, vector float* fin_res) {
+       for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
+          for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
+             *((float*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float*)&fin_res[idx+I]+J);
+          }
+       }
+    }
+
+    template<int size>
+    inline void compute(acc_t* ACC, int c_idx, int s_idx, std::array<int, size>& comparray, vector float* vs, vector float* fin_res) {
+       vector signed int vec_C[4];
+       vector float CA[4] = {0};
+       vector float res[4] = {0};
+       __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+       for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+          CA[i] = vec_splats((float)(((double)comparray[c_idx+i]) * -128.0));
+          res[i] = vec_add(vec_ctf(vec_C[i], 0), CA[i]);
+          fin_res[s_idx+i] = vec_madd(res[i], vs[s_idx+i], fin_res[s_idx+i]);
+       }
+    }
+
+    template<typename VA, typename VB>
+    void packNormal(const TA* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, VA* vec, bool flip) {
+        int64_t i, j;
+        TA *aoffset = NULL;
+        VA *vecOffset = NULL;
+        TA *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
+        TA *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
+        __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8;
+        VB c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2]={0};
+        VB c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2]={0};
+        VB t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        vector unsigned char xor_vector;
+        uint8_t flip_vec = 0x80;
+        xor_vector = vec_splats(flip_vec);
+        vector unsigned char swiz1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+        vector unsigned char swiz2 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+        vector unsigned char swiz3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27};
+        vector unsigned char swiz4 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+
+        aoffset = const_cast<TA*>(a);
+        vecOffset = vec;
+        j = (rows >> 3);
+        if (j > 0) {
+            do {
+            aoffset1 = aoffset;
+            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
+            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
+            aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
+            aoffset5 = aoffset4 + lda;
+            aoffset6 = aoffset5 + lda;
+            aoffset7 = aoffset6 + lda;
+            aoffset8 = aoffset7 + lda;
+            aoffset += 8 * lda;
+
+            i = (cols >> 3);
+            if (i > 0) {
+               do {
+                    C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
+                    C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
+                    C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
+                    C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4->qs);
+                    C5 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset5->qs);
+                    C6 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset6->qs);
+                    C7 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset7->qs);
+                    C8 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset8->qs);
+
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c5, &C5);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c6, &C6);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c7, &C7);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c8, &C8);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+128);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+144);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+160);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+176);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+192);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+208);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+224);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+240);
+
+                    aoffset1 += lda;
+                    aoffset2 += lda;
+                    aoffset3 += lda;
+                    aoffset4 += lda;
+                    aoffset5 += lda;
+                    aoffset6 += lda;
+                    aoffset7 += lda;
+                    aoffset8 += lda;
+                    vecOffset += 256;
+                    i--;
+               } while(i > 0);
+            }
+            j--;
+        } while(j > 0);
+    }
+
+    if (rows & 4) {
+            aoffset1 = aoffset;
+            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
+            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
+            aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
+            aoffset += 4 * lda;
+
+        i = (cols >> 3);
+            if (i > 0) {
+               do {
+                    C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
+                    C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
+                    C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
+                    C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4->qs);
+
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
+
+                    aoffset1 += lda;
+                    aoffset2 += lda;
+                    aoffset3 += lda;
+                    aoffset4 += lda;
+                    vecOffset += 128;
+                    i--;
+               } while(i > 0);
+            }
+        }
+        if (rows & 3) {
+            aoffset1 = aoffset;
+            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
+            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
+            i = (cols >> 3);
+        if (i > 0) {
+                do {
+                    switch(rows) {
+                        case 3: C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
+                        case 2: C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
+                        case 1: C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
+                                break;
+                    }
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
+
+                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
+                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
+                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
+                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
+                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+                    if (flip == true) {
+                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    }
+                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
+                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
+                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
+                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
+
+                    aoffset1 += lda;
+                    aoffset2 += lda;
+                    aoffset3 += lda;
+                    vecOffset += 128;
+                    i--;
+               } while(i > 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void mnpack(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
+        int64_t mc, nc, mp, np;
+        int m_rem = MIN(m - m0, 8);
+        int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 8);
+        // TO-DO: KERNEL_16x8 and KERNEL_8x16 are having some performance
+        // issues. After resolving them, below code will be enabled.
+        /*if (m_rem >= 16 && n_rem >= 8) {
+            mc = 16;
+            nc = 8;
+            gemm<16,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        } else if(m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 16) {
+            mc = 8;
+            nc = 16;
+            gemm<8,16>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        }*/
+        if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 8) {
+            mc = 8;
+            nc = 8;
+            gemm<8,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 8) {
+            mc = 4;
+            nc = 8;
+            gemm<4,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        } else if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 4) {
+            mc = 8;
+            nc = 4;
+            gemm<8,4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 4) {
+            mc = 4;
+            nc = 4;
+            gemm_small<4, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+        } else if ((m_rem < 4) && (n_rem > 4)) {
+            nc = 4;
+            switch(m_rem) {
+                case 1:
+                    mc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<1, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    mc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<2, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    mc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<3, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return;
+            }
+        } else if ((m_rem > 4) && (n_rem < 4)) {
+            mc = 4;
+            switch(n_rem) {
+                case 1:
+                    nc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<4, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    nc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<4, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    nc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<4, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch((m_rem << 4) | n_rem) {
+                case 0x43:
+                    mc = 4;
+                    nc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<4, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x42:
+                    mc = 4;
+                    nc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<4, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x41:
+                    mc = 4;
+                    nc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<4, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x34:
+                    mc = 3;
+                    nc = 4;
+                    gemm_small<3, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x33:
+                    mc = 3;
+                    nc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<3, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x32:
+                    mc = 3;
+                    nc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<3, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x31:
+                    mc = 3;
+                    nc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<3, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x24:
+                    mc = 2;
+                    nc = 4;
+                    gemm_small<2, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x23:
+                    mc = 2;
+                    nc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<2, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x22:
+                    mc = 2;
+                    nc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<2, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x21:
+                    mc = 2;
+                    nc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<2, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x14:
+                    mc = 1;
+                    nc = 4;
+                    gemm_small<1, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x13:
+                    mc = 1;
+                    nc = 3;
+                    gemm_small<1, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x12:
+                    mc = 1;
+                    nc = 2;
+                    gemm_small<1, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                case 0x11:
+                    mc = 1;
+                    nc = 1;
+                    gemm_small<1, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return;
+            }
+        }
+        mp = m0 + (m - m0) / mc * mc;
+        np = n0 + (n - n0) / nc * nc;
+        mnpack(mp, m, n0, np);
+        mnpack(m0, m, np, n);
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL_4x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_A[8], vec_B[16] = {0};
+        acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
+        std::array<int, 4> comparray;
+        vector float fin_res[8] = {0};
+        vector float vs[8] = {0};
+        for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
+            packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 4, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+8]);
+            }
+            for (int I = 0; I<4; I++) {
+                for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
+                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                    *((float*)&vs[I+4]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J+4)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                }
+            }
+            auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                comparray[i] = 0;
+                int ca = 0;
+                const int8_t *at = aoffset->qs;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
+                    ca += (int)*at++;
+                comparray[i] = ca;
+                aoffset += lda;
+            }
+            compute<4>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute<4>(&acc_1, 0, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+        }
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj+4, 4, fin_res);
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL_8x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_A[16], vec_B[8] = {0};
+        acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
+        std::array<int, 8> comparray;
+        vector float fin_res[8] = {0};
+        vector float vs[8] = {0};
+        for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
+            packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 4, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x]);
+            }
+            for (int I = 0; I<8; I++) {
+                for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
+                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                }
+            }
+            auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                comparray[i] = 0;
+                int ca = 0;
+                const int8_t *at = aoffset->qs;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
+                    ca += (int)*at++;
+                comparray[i] = ca;
+                aoffset += lda;
+            }
+            compute<8>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute<8>(&acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+        }
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj, 4, fin_res);
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL_8x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_A[16], vec_B[16] = {0};
+        acc_t acc_0, acc_1, acc_2, acc_3;
+        std::array<int, 8> comparray;
+        vector float fin_res[16] = {0};
+        vector float vs[16] = {0};
+        for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_2);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_3);
+            packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_2, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+8]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_3, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x+8]);
+            }
+            for (int I = 0; I<8; I++) {
+                for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
+                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                    *((float*)&vs[I+8]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J+4)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                }
+            }
+            auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                comparray[i] = 0;
+                int ca = 0;
+                const int8_t *at = aoffset->qs;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
+                    ca += (int)*at++;
+                comparray[i] = ca;
+                aoffset += lda;
+            }
+            compute<8>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute<8>(&acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute<8>(&acc_2, 0, 8, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute<8>(&acc_3, 4, 12, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+        }
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj, 4, fin_res);
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj+4, 8, fin_res);
+        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj+4, 12, fin_res);
+    }
+
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
+        int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
+        int64_t xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
+        int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        vec_t vec_A[8], vec_B[8] = {0};
+        vector signed int vec_C[4];
+        acc_t acc_0;
+
+        if (end > tiles)
+            end = tiles;
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
+            int64_t jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
+            std::array<int, RM> comparray;
+            vector float res[4] = {0};
+            vector float fin_res[4] = {0};
+            vector float vs[4] = {0};
+            vector float CA[4] = {0};
+            __builtin_prefetch((A+(ii*lda)+0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
+            __builtin_prefetch((B+(jj*ldb)+0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
+            for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
+                __builtin_prefetch((A+(ii*lda)+(l+1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
+                __builtin_prefetch((B+(jj*ldb)+(l+1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
+                __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
+                packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, RM, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+                packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, RN, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+                for(int x = 0; x < 8; x+=4) {
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x+1]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+2], vec_B[x+2]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+3], vec_B[x+3]);
+                }
+                for (int I = 0; I<RM; I++) {
+                    for (int J = 0; J<RN; J++) {
+                        *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                    }
+                }
+                __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
+                auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+                for (int i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
+                    comparray[i] = 0;
+                    int ca = 0;
+                    const int8_t *at = aoffset->qs;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
+                        ca += (int)*at++;
+                    comparray[i] = ca;
+                    aoffset += lda;
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
+                    CA[i] = vec_splats((float)(((double)comparray[i]) * -128.0));
+                    res[i] = vec_add(vec_ctf(vec_C[i], 0), CA[i]);
+                    fin_res[i] = vec_madd(res[i], vs[i], fin_res[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            save_res<RM, RN>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+       if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
+          KERNEL_4x8(ii,jj);
+       } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
+          KERNEL_8x4(ii,jj);
+       } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
+          KERNEL_8x8(ii,jj);
+       } else {
+          static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
+       }
+    }
+
+    template <int RM, int RN>
+    NOINLINE void gemm(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
+        int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
+        int64_t xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
+        int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        if (end > tiles)
+            end = tiles;
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
+            int64_t jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
+            kernel<RM, RN>(ii, jj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const TA *const A;
+    const TB *const B;
+    TC *C;
+    TA *At;
+    TB *Bt;
+    const int64_t k;
+    const int64_t lda;
+    const int64_t ldb;
+    const int64_t ldc;
+    const int ith;
+    const int nth;
+};
+
 template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
 class tinyBLAS_PPC {
   public:
@@ -1070,13 +1769,17 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
 
     void (tinyBLAS_PPC::*kernel)(int64_t, int64_t);
 
-    void READ_BLOCK(const float* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, float* vec) {
+    template<typename VA>
+    void packTranspose(const TA* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, TA* vec) {
         int64_t i, j;
-        float *aoffset = NULL, *boffset = NULL;
-        float *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
-        float *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
-
-        aoffset = const_cast<float*>(a);
+        TA *aoffset = NULL, *boffset = NULL;
+        TA *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
+        TA *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
+        __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8;
+        VA c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2] = {0};
+        VA c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2] = {0};
+        VA t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        aoffset = const_cast<TA*>(a);
         boffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
@@ -1092,9 +1795,6 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                 aoffset += 8 * lda;
                 i = (cols >> 3);
                 if (i > 0) {
-                    __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8;
-                    vector float c1[2], c2[2], c3[2], c4[2], c5[2], c6[2], c7[2], c8[2];
-                    vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
                     do {
                         C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1);
                         C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2);
@@ -1174,21 +1874,19 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                     } while(i > 0);
                 }
                 if (cols & 4) {
-                    vector float c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8;
-                    vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
-                    c1 = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                    c2 = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                    c3 = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
-                    c4 = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
-                    c5 = vec_xl(0, aoffset5);
-                    c6 = vec_xl(0, aoffset6);
-                    c7 = vec_xl(0, aoffset7);
-                    c8 = vec_xl(0, aoffset8);
+                    c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
+                    c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
+                    c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
+                    c4[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
+                    c5[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset5);
+                    c6[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset6);
+                    c7[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset7);
+                    c8[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset8);
 
-                    t1 = vec_mergeh(c1, c2);
-                    t2 = vec_mergeh(c3, c4);
-                    t3 = vec_mergeh(c5, c6);
-                    t4 = vec_mergeh(c7, c8);
+                    t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                    t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
+                    t3 = vec_mergeh(c5[0], c6[0]);
+                    t4 = vec_mergeh(c7[0], c8[0]);
                     t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                     t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
                     t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
@@ -1198,10 +1896,10 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                     vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+8);
                     vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+12);
 
-                    t1 = vec_mergel(c1, c2);
-                    t2 = vec_mergel(c3, c4);
-                    t3 = vec_mergel(c5, c6);
-                    t4 = vec_mergel(c7, c8);
+                    t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                    t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
+                    t3 = vec_mergel(c5[0], c6[0]);
+                    t4 = vec_mergel(c7[0], c8[0]);
                     t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                     t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
                     t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
@@ -1223,9 +1921,6 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             aoffset += 4 * lda;
             i = (cols >> 3);
             if (i > 0) {
-                __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4;
-                vector float c1[2], c2[2], c3[2], c4[2];
-                vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
                 do {
                     C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1);
                     C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2);
@@ -1272,22 +1967,20 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             }
 
             if (cols & 4) {
-                vector float c1, c2, c3, c4;
-                vector float t1, t2, t3, t4;
-                c1 = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                c2 = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                c3 = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
-                c4 = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
+                c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
+                c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
+                c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
+                c4[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
 
-                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1, c2);
-                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3, c4);
+                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
                 t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                 t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
                 vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset);
                 vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+4);
 
-                t1 = vec_mergel(c1, c2);
-                t2 = vec_mergel(c3, c4);
+                t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
                 t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                 t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
                 vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset+8);
@@ -1299,21 +1992,19 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
             aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
             if (cols & 4) {
-                vector float c1, c2, c3, c4 = {0};
-                vector float t1, t2, t3, t4;
-                c1 = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                c2 = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                c3 = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
+                c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
+                c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
+                c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
 
-                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1, c2);
-                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3, c4);
+                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
                 t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                 t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
                 vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset);
                 vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+4);
 
-                t1 = vec_mergel(c1, c2);
-                t2 = vec_mergel(c3, c4);
+                t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
+                t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
                 t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
                 t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
                 vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset+8);
@@ -1321,14 +2012,13 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             }
         }
     }
-
     void KERNEL_4x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
         vec_t vec_A[4], vec_B[4], vec_C[4];
         acc_t acc_0;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            READ_BLOCK(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[2], vec_B[2]);
@@ -1343,8 +2033,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
         for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            READ_BLOCK(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], (vec_t)vec_B[2]);
@@ -1364,8 +2054,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
         for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            READ_BLOCK(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[1], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[2], vec_B[1]);
@@ -1387,8 +2077,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_2);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_3);
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=8) {
-            READ_BLOCK(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 8, (float*)vec_A);
-            READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 8, (float*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 8, (TA*)vec_A);
+            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 8, (TA*)vec_B);
             for(int x = 0; x < 16; x+=2) {
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x+1]);
@@ -1571,15 +2261,15 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             vec_t vec_A[4], vec_B[4];
             for (int l=0; l<k; l+=4) {
                 if (RN >= 4 && RM == 1) {
-                    float* a = const_cast<float*>(A+(ii)*lda+l);
-                    READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+                    TA* a = const_cast<TA*>(A+(ii)*lda+l);
+                    packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
                     vec_A[0] = (vec_t)vec_xl(0,a);
-                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+1));
-                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+2));
-                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+3));
+                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+1));
+                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+2));
+                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+3));
                 } else {
-                    READ_BLOCK(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-                    READ_BLOCK(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+                    packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
+                    packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
                 }
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
@@ -1589,7 +2279,7 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
             for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
                 for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
-                    *((float*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float*)&vec_C[I]+J);
+                    *((TC*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((TC*)&vec_C[I]+J);
                 }
             }
        }
@@ -1812,6 +2502,20 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
             params->ith, params->nth};
         tb.matmul(m, n);
         return true;
+
+#elif defined(__MMA__)
+        if (n < 8 && n != 4)
+           return false;
+        if (m < 8 && m != 4)
+           return false;
+        tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, float> tb{
+            k, (const block_q8_0 *)A, lda,
+            (const block_q8_0 *)B, ldb,
+            (float *)C, ldc,
+            params->ith, params->nth};
+        tb.matmul(m, n);
+        return true;
+
 #else
         return false;
 #endif

ggml/src/ggml-impl.h

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 // GGML internal header
 
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdlib.h> // load `stdlib.h` before other headers to work around MinGW bug: https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/bugs/192/
@@ -551,22 +553,15 @@ static inline ggml_bf16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_bf16(float s) {
 #define GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_bf16(x)
 #define GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_bf16_to_fp32(x)
 
-// expose GGUF internals for test code
-
-GGML_API size_t gguf_type_size(enum gguf_type type);
-
-GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_params params);
-
-struct gguf_buf {
-    void * data;
-    size_t size;
-    size_t offset;
-};
-GGML_API struct gguf_buf gguf_buf_init(size_t size);
-GGML_API void gguf_buf_free(struct gguf_buf buf);
-
-GGML_API void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, struct gguf_buf * buf, bool only_meta);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <vector>
+
+// expose GGUF internals for test code
+GGML_API size_t gguf_type_size(enum gguf_type type);
+GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_params params);
+GGML_API void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, std::vector<int8_t> & buf, bool only_meta);
+#endif // __cplusplus

ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp

@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@
 #endif
 #include <cstring>
 
-#define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
-
-#define GGML_DEBUG 0
-#if (GGML_DEBUG >= 1)
-#define GGML_PRINT_DEBUG(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
-#else
-#define GGML_PRINT_DEBUG(...)
-#endif
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 typedef SOCKET sockfd_t;
 using ssize_t = __int64;
@@ -411,7 +402,7 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> get_socket(const std::string & endpoint) {
         initialized = true;
     }
 #else
-    UNUSED(initialized);
+    GGML_UNUSED(initialized);
 #endif
     auto sock = socket_connect(host.c_str(), port);
     if (sock == nullptr) {
@@ -640,7 +631,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_rpc_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
     // this is no-op because we don't have any async operations
 }
 
@@ -850,7 +841,7 @@ void rpc_server::alloc_buffer(const rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req & request, rpc_msg_
         GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] size: %" PRIu64 " -> remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", remote_size: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, request.size, response.remote_ptr, response.remote_size);
         buffers.insert(buffer);
     } else {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] size: %" PRIu64 " -> failed\n", __func__, request.size);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] size: %" PRIu64 " -> failed\n", __func__, request.size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -872,7 +863,7 @@ bool rpc_server::buffer_get_base(const rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_req & request, rp
     GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
     void * base = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buffer);
@@ -884,7 +875,7 @@ bool rpc_server::free_buffer(const rpc_msg_free_buffer_req & request) {
     GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
     ggml_backend_buffer_free(buffer);
@@ -896,7 +887,7 @@ bool rpc_server::buffer_clear(const rpc_msg_buffer_clear_req & request) {
     GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", value: %u\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr, request.value);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
     ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buffer, request.value);
@@ -952,7 +943,7 @@ bool rpc_server::set_tensor(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input) {
     struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
     ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, in_tensor);
     if (tensor == nullptr) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
         ggml_free(ctx);
         return false;
     }
@@ -1017,7 +1008,7 @@ bool rpc_server::get_tensor(const rpc_msg_get_tensor_req & request, std::vector<
     struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
     ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.tensor);
     if (tensor == nullptr) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
         ggml_free(ctx);
         return false;
     }
@@ -1051,7 +1042,7 @@ bool rpc_server::copy_tensor(const rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req & request, rpc_msg_co
     ggml_tensor * src = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.src);
     ggml_tensor * dst = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.dst);
     if (src == nullptr || dst == nullptr) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] error deserializing tensors\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensors\n", __func__);
         ggml_free(ctx);
         return false;
     }
@@ -1385,14 +1376,14 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t *
 
     ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(ctx->endpoint.c_str(), free, total);
 
-    UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
 static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
     // TODO: obtain value from the server
     return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
 
-    UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
@@ -1413,7 +1404,7 @@ static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const
 
     return ggml_backend_rpc_init(ctx->endpoint.c_str());
 
-    UNUSED(params);
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -1421,12 +1412,12 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_b
 
     return ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(ctx->endpoint.c_str());
 
-    UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_rpc_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    UNUSED(dev);
-    UNUSED(op);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(op);
     //TODO: call the remote backend and cache the results
     return true;
 }
@@ -1463,20 +1454,20 @@ static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_rpc_device_i = {
 static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
     return "RPC";
 
-    UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
     return 0;
 
-    UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
     GGML_ABORT("The RPC backend does not have enumerated devices - use ggml_backend_add_device instead");
 
-    UNUSED(reg);
-    UNUSED(index);
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(index);
 }
 
 static void * ggml_backend_rpc_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
@@ -1485,7 +1476,7 @@ static void * ggml_backend_rpc_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const ch
     }
     return NULL;
 
-    UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
 }
 
 static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_rpc_reg_i = {

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv6.cpp

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, const ggml_tensor* s
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                 rwkv_wkv_f32_kernel(
                     B, T, C, H, k_d, v_d, r_d, tf_d, td_d, s_d, dst_d,
-                    item_ct1, shared_mem_acc.get_pointer()
+                    item_ct1, (float*)shared_mem_acc.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get()
                 );
             });
     });

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,6 +8,20 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
                              ../../include/ggml-vulkan.h
                             )
 
+    # Compile a test shader to determine whether GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix is supported.
+    # If it's not, there will be an error to stderr.
+    # If it's supported, set a define to indicate that we should compile those shaders
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE} -o - -fshader-stage=compute --target-env=vulkan1.3 "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat_support.comp"
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE glslc_output
+                    ERROR_VARIABLE glslc_error)
+
+    if (${glslc_error} MATCHES ".*extension not supported: GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix.*")
+        message(STATUS "GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix not supported by glslc")
+    else()
+        message(STATUS "GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix supported by glslc")
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+    endif()
+
     # Compile a test shader to determine whether GL_NV_cooperative_matrix2 is supported.
     # If it's not, there will be an error to stderr.
     # If it's supported, set a define to indicate that we should compile those shaders
@@ -69,11 +83,15 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
 
     file(GLOB _ggml_vk_shader_deps "${_ggml_vk_input_dir}/*.comp")
 
+    if (NOT CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
+        set(_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:vulkan-shaders-gen>/${_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd}")
+    endif ()
+
     add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT ${_ggml_vk_header}
                 ${_ggml_vk_source}
 
-        COMMAND "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:vulkan-shaders-gen>/${_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd}"
+        COMMAND ${_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd}
             --glslc      ${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE}
             --input-dir  ${_ggml_vk_input_dir}
             --output-dir ${_ggml_vk_output_dir}

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

@@ -1645,6 +1645,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
 #undef CREATE_MM2
     } else
 #endif  // defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+#if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     if (device->coopmat_support) {
         // Create 6 variants, {s,m,l}x{unaligned,aligned}
 #define CREATE_MM(PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
@@ -1739,7 +1740,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         }
 #undef CREATE_MM2
 #undef CREATE_MM
-    } else if (device->fp16) {
+    } else
+#endif  // defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+    if (device->fp16) {
         // Create 6 variants, {s,m,l}x{unaligned,aligned}
 #define CREATE_MM(PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l) \
@@ -2242,6 +2245,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&subgroup_size_control_features;
         }
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix)
         VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixFeaturesKHR coopmat_features;
         coopmat_features.pNext = nullptr;
         coopmat_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_COOPERATIVE_MATRIX_FEATURES_KHR;
@@ -2251,6 +2255,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&coopmat_features;
             last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&coopmat_features;
         }
+#endif
 
 #if defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2)
         VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrix2FeaturesNV coopmat2_features {};
@@ -2283,7 +2288,9 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             device_extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control");
         }
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix)
         device->coopmat_support = device->coopmat_support && coopmat_features.cooperativeMatrix;
+#endif
 
         if (coopmat2_support) {
 #if defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
@@ -2376,6 +2383,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             device_extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8");
         }
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix)
         if (device->coopmat_support) {
             // Query supported shapes
             std::vector<VkCooperativeMatrixPropertiesKHR> cm_props;
@@ -2442,7 +2450,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         if (device->coopmat_support) {
             device_extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix");
         }
-
+#endif
         device->name = GGML_VK_NAME + std::to_string(idx);
 
         device_create_info = {
@@ -2553,9 +2561,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
             fp16_storage = true;
         } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
             fp16_compute = true;
-        } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+       } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
                    !getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_COOPMAT")) {
             coopmat_support = true;
+#endif
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         } else if (strcmp("VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
                    !getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_COOPMAT2")) {
@@ -2593,6 +2603,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
     // Pointer to the last chain element
     VkBaseOutStructure * last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&vk12_features;
 
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixFeaturesKHR coopmat_features;
     coopmat_features.pNext = nullptr;
     coopmat_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_COOPERATIVE_MATRIX_FEATURES_KHR;
@@ -2608,6 +2619,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
     fp16 = fp16 && vk12_features.shaderFloat16;
 
     coopmat_support = coopmat_support && coopmat_features.cooperativeMatrix;
+#endif
 
     std::string matrix_cores = coopmat2_support ? "NV_coopmat2" : coopmat_support ? "KHR_coopmat" : "none";
 

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat_support.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#version 460
+
+#extension GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix : require
+
+void main()
+{
+}

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp

@@ -342,9 +342,11 @@ void process_shaders() {
         matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, false, false);
         matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, false, true);
 
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         // Coopmat, fp32acc and fp16acc
         matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, true, false, false);
         matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, true, false, true);
+#endif
 
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         // Coopmat2, fp32acc and fp16acc

gguf-py/README.md

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ pip install gguf
 
 [examples/writer.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/examples/writer.py) — Generates `example.gguf` in the current directory to demonstrate generating a GGUF file. Note that this file cannot be used as a model.
 
-[scripts/gguf_dump.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/scripts/gguf_dump.py) — Dumps a GGUF file's metadata to the console.
+[gguf/scripts/gguf_dump.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_dump.py) — Dumps a GGUF file's metadata to the console.
 
-[scripts/gguf_set_metadata.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/scripts/gguf_set_metadata.py) — Allows changing simple metadata values in a GGUF file by key.
+[gguf/scripts/gguf_set_metadata.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_set_metadata.py) — Allows changing simple metadata values in a GGUF file by key.
 
-[scripts/gguf_convert_endian.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/scripts/gguf_convert_endian.py) — Allows converting the endianness of GGUF files.
+[gguf/scripts/gguf_convert_endian.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_convert_endian.py) — Allows converting the endianness of GGUF files.
 
-[scripts/gguf_new_metadata.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/scripts/gguf_new_metadata.py) — Copies a GGUF file with added/modified/removed metadata values.
+[gguf/scripts/gguf_new_metadata.py](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_new_metadata.py) — Copies a GGUF file with added/modified/removed metadata values.
 
 ## Development
 Maintainers who participate in development of this package are advised to install it in editable mode:

gguf-py/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "gguf"
-version = "0.13.0"
+version = "0.14.0"
 description = "Read and write ML models in GGUF for GGML"
 authors = ["GGML <ggml@ggml.ai>"]
 packages = [
     {include = "gguf"},
     {include = "gguf/py.typed"},
-    {include = "scripts"},
 ]
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage = "https://ggml.ai"
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
 [tool.poetry.scripts]
-gguf-convert-endian = "scripts:gguf_convert_endian_entrypoint"
-gguf-dump = "scripts:gguf_dump_entrypoint"
-gguf-set-metadata = "scripts:gguf_set_metadata_entrypoint"
-gguf-new-metadata = "scripts:gguf_new_metadata_entrypoint"
+gguf-convert-endian = "gguf.scripts:gguf_convert_endian_entrypoint"
+gguf-dump = "gguf.scripts:gguf_dump_entrypoint"
+gguf-set-metadata = "gguf.scripts:gguf_set_metadata_entrypoint"
+gguf-new-metadata = "gguf.scripts:gguf_new_metadata_entrypoint"

scripts/sync-ggml.last

@@ -1 +1 @@
-a2af72be7baf5b1f4a33d34e77e509e5e85b7cd7
+c8bd0fee71dc8328d93be301bbee06bc10d30429

src/llama-adapter.cpp

@@ -242,6 +242,10 @@ static void llama_lora_adapter_init_impl(struct llama_model & model, const char
             } else {
                 ab_map[name].b = cur;
             }
+        } else if (str_endswith(name, "_norm.weight")) {
+            // TODO: add support for norm vector
+            // for now, we don't really care because most adapters still work fine without it
+            continue;
         } else {
             throw std::runtime_error("LoRA tensor '" + name + "' has unexpected suffix");
         }
@@ -251,6 +255,7 @@ static void llama_lora_adapter_init_impl(struct llama_model & model, const char
     for (auto & it : ab_map) {
         const std::string & name = it.first;
         llama_lora_weight & w = it.second;
+        bool is_token_embd = str_endswith(name, "token_embd.weight");
 
         if (!w.a || !w.b) {
             throw std::runtime_error("LoRA tensor pair for '" + name + "' is missing one component");
@@ -259,16 +264,23 @@ static void llama_lora_adapter_init_impl(struct llama_model & model, const char
         // device buft and device ctx
         auto * model_tensor = llama_model_get_tensor(model, name.c_str());
         if (!model_tensor) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("LoRA tensor '" + name + "' does not exist in base model");
+            throw std::runtime_error("LoRA tensor '" + name + "' does not exist in base model (hint: maybe wrong base model?)");
         }
 
         struct ggml_context * dev_ctx = ctx_for_buft(ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(model_tensor->buffer));
         // validate tensor shape
-        if (model_tensor->ne[0] != w.a->ne[0] || model_tensor->ne[1] != w.b->ne[1]) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("tensor '" + name + "' has incorrect shape");
-        }
-        if (w.a->ne[1] != w.b->ne[0]) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("lora_a tensor is not transposed (hint: adapter from \"finetune\" example is no longer supported)");
+        if (is_token_embd) {
+            // expect B to be non-transposed, A and B are flipped; see llm_build_inp_embd()
+            if (model_tensor->ne[0] != w.b->ne[1] || model_tensor->ne[1] != w.a->ne[1]) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("tensor '" + name + "' has incorrect shape (hint: maybe wrong base model?)");
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (model_tensor->ne[0] != w.a->ne[0] || model_tensor->ne[1] != w.b->ne[1]) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("tensor '" + name + "' has incorrect shape (hint: maybe wrong base model?)");
+            }
+            if (w.a->ne[1] != w.b->ne[0]) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("lora_a tensor is not transposed (hint: adapter from \"finetune\" example is no longer supported)");
+            }
         }
 
         // save tensor to adapter

src/llama-adapter.h

@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ struct llama_lora_weight {
     struct ggml_tensor * a = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * b = nullptr;
 
+    // get actual scale based on rank and alpha
+    float get_scale(float alpha, float adapter_scale) {
+        const float rank  = (float) b->ne[0];
+        const float scale = alpha ? adapter_scale * alpha / rank : adapter_scale;
+        return scale;
+    }
+
     llama_lora_weight() = default;
     llama_lora_weight(struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b) : a(a), b(b) {}
 };

src/llama-impl.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 
+#include "gguf.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ std::string gguf_kv_to_str(const struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf, int i) {
             {
                 const enum gguf_type arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx_gguf, i);
                 int arr_n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx_gguf, i);
-                const void * data = gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
+                const void * data = arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING ? nullptr : gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
                 std::stringstream ss;
                 ss << "[";
                 for (int j = 0; j < arr_n; j++) {

src/llama-model-loader.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const char * llama_file_version_name(llama_fver version) {
 }
 
 namespace GGUFMeta {
-    template <typename T, gguf_type gt_, T (*gfun)(const gguf_context *, const int)>
+    template <typename T, gguf_type gt_, T (*gfun)(const gguf_context *, const int64_t)>
     struct GKV_Base_Type {
         static constexpr gguf_type gt = gt_;
 
@@ -60,10 +60,11 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
         public:
         static constexpr gguf_type gt = GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY;
         static ArrayInfo getter(const gguf_context *ctx, const int k) {
+            const enum gguf_type arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx, k);
             return ArrayInfo {
-                gguf_get_arr_type(ctx, k),
+                arr_type,
                 size_t(gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, k)),
-                gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, k),
+                arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING ? nullptr : gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, k),
             };
         }
     };
@@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(const std::string & fname, bool use_mmap,
             const enum gguf_type type   = gguf_get_kv_type(meta.get(), i);
             const std::string type_name =
                 type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY
-                ? format("%s[%s,%d]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(meta.get(), i)), gguf_get_arr_n(meta.get(), i))
+                ? format("%s[%s,%zu]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(meta.get(), i)), gguf_get_arr_n(meta.get(), i))
                 : gguf_type_name(type);
 
             std::string value          = gguf_kv_to_str(meta.get(), i);

src/llama-quant.cpp

@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-// TODO: replace with ggml API call
-#define QK_K 256
-
 static void zeros(std::ofstream & file, size_t n) {
     char zero = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -154,8 +152,10 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
         if (qs.params->output_tensor_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
             new_type = qs.params->output_tensor_type;
         } else {
-            int nx = tensor->ne[0];
-            if (arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON || nx % QK_K != 0) {
+            const int64_t nx = tensor->ne[0];
+            const int64_t qk_k = ggml_blck_size(new_type);
+
+            if (arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON || nx % qk_k != 0) {
                 new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
             }
             else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS ||
@@ -367,20 +367,19 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
     //    if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
     //}
     bool convert_incompatible_tensor = false;
-    if (new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K    || new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q3_K    || new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K   ||
-        new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K    || new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K    || new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS ||
-        new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  || new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS || new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S  ||
-        new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS || new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S   || new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S  ||
-        new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M) {
-        int nx = tensor->ne[0];
-        int ny = tensor->ne[1];
-        if (nx % QK_K != 0) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("\n\n%s : tensor cols %d x %d are not divisible by %d, required for %s", __func__, nx, ny, QK_K, ggml_type_name(new_type));
+    {
+        const int64_t nx = tensor->ne[0];
+        const int64_t ny = tensor->ne[1];
+        const int64_t qk_k = ggml_blck_size(new_type);
+
+        if (nx % qk_k != 0) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("\n\n%s : tensor cols %" PRId64 " x %" PRId64 " are not divisible by %" PRId64 ", required for %s", __func__, nx, ny, qk_k, ggml_type_name(new_type));
             convert_incompatible_tensor = true;
         } else {
             ++qs.n_k_quantized;
         }
     }
+
     if (convert_incompatible_tensor) {
         switch (new_type) {
             case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
@@ -875,7 +874,8 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
 
         // update the gguf meta data as we go
         gguf_set_tensor_type(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_type);
-        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_data, new_size);
+        GGML_ASSERT(gguf_get_tensor_size(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), gguf_find_tensor(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str())) == new_size);
+        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_data);
 
         // write tensor data + padding
         fout.write((const char *) new_data, new_size);

src/llama.cpp

@@ -2545,6 +2545,21 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_inp_embd(
         ggml_set_input(lctx.inp_tokens);
 
         inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx, tok_embd, lctx.inp_tokens);
+
+        // apply lora for embedding tokens if needed
+        for (auto & it : lctx.lora_adapters) {
+            struct llama_lora_weight * lora = it.first->get_weight(tok_embd);
+            if (lora == nullptr) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const float adapter_scale = it.second;
+            const float scale = lora->get_scale(it.first->alpha, adapter_scale);
+            struct ggml_tensor * inpL_delta = ggml_scale(ctx, ggml_mul_mat(
+                ctx, lora->b, // non-transposed lora_b
+                ggml_get_rows(ctx, lora->a, lctx.inp_tokens)
+            ), scale);
+            inpL = ggml_add(ctx, inpL, inpL_delta);
+        }
     } else {
         lctx.inp_embd = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, ubatch.n_tokens);
         inpL = lctx.inp_embd;
@@ -2617,9 +2632,8 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_lora_mm(
         if (lora == nullptr) {
             continue;
         }
-        const float alpha = it.first->alpha;
-        const float rank  = (float) lora->b->ne[0];
-        const float scale = alpha ? it.second * alpha / rank : it.second;
+        const float adapter_scale = it.second;
+        const float scale = lora->get_scale(it.first->alpha, adapter_scale);
         struct ggml_tensor * ab_cur = ggml_mul_mat(
             ctx0, lora->b,
             ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, lora->a, cur)
@@ -3967,6 +3981,7 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
             // feed-forward network
             if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+
                 cur = llm_build_norm(ctx0, ffn_inp, hparams,
                         model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
                         LLM_NORM_RMS, cb, il);

tests/test-gguf.cpp

@@ -15,66 +15,71 @@ constexpr int offset_has_tensors = 2000;
 constexpr int offset_has_data    = 3000;
 
 enum handcrafted_file_type {
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC          =  10,
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1      =  20,
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE =  30,
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS      =  40,
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV           =  50,
-    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_EMPTY              = 800,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC           =  10,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1       =  20,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE  =  30,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS       =  40,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV            =  50,
+    HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_EMPTY               = 800,
 
-    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE           =  10 + offset_has_kv,
-    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE               =  20 + offset_has_kv,
-    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE         =  30 + offset_has_kv,
-    HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY          =  40 + offset_has_kv,
-    HANDCRAFTED_KV_SUCCESS                = 800 + offset_has_kv,
+    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE            =  10 + offset_has_kv,
+    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE                =  20 + offset_has_kv,
+    // HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE          =  30 + offset_has_kv, // removed because it can result in allocations > 1 TB (default sanitizer limit)
+    HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY           =  40 + offset_has_kv,
+    HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_ALIGN               =  50 + offset_has_kv,
+    HANDCRAFTED_KV_SUCCESS                 = 800 + offset_has_kv,
 
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE     =  10 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS        =  20 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE         =  30 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG        =  40 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE          =  50 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET        =  60 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME    =  70 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGNMENT     =  80 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_SUCCESS           = 800 + offset_has_tensors,
-    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN      = 810 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE      =  10 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS         =  20 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE          =  30 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG         =  40 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE           =  50 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET         =  60 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME     =  70 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN          =  75 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN =  80 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_SUCCESS            = 800 + offset_has_tensors,
+    HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN       = 810 + offset_has_tensors,
 
-    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA      =  10 + offset_has_data,
-    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGNMENT        =  20 + offset_has_data,
-    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_SUCCESS              = 800 + offset_has_data,
-    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN         = 810 + offset_has_data,
+    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA       =  10 + offset_has_data,
+    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGN             =  15 + offset_has_data,
+    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN    =  20 + offset_has_data,
+    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_SUCCESS               = 800 + offset_has_data,
+    HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN          = 810 + offset_has_data,
 };
 
 std::string handcrafted_file_type_name(const enum handcrafted_file_type hft) {
     switch (hft) {
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC:          return "HEADER_BAD_MAGIC";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1:      return "HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE: return "HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV:           return "HEADER_BAD_N_KV";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS:      return "HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_EMPTY:              return "HEADER_EMPTY";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC:           return "HEADER_BAD_MAGIC";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1:       return "HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE:  return "HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV:            return "HEADER_BAD_N_KV";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS:       return "HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_EMPTY:               return "HEADER_EMPTY";
 
-        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE:           return "KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE:               return "KV_BAD_TYPE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE:         return "KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY:          return "KV_DUPLICATE_KEY";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_SUCCESS:                return "KV_RANDOM_KV";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE:            return "KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE:                return "KV_BAD_TYPE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY:           return "KV_DUPLICATE_KEY";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_ALIGN:               return "KV_BAD_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_KV_SUCCESS:                 return "KV_RANDOM_KV";
 
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE:     return "TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS:        return "TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE:         return "TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG:        return "TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE:          return "TENSORS_BAD_TYPE";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET:        return "TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME:    return "TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGNMENT:     return "TENSORS_BAD_ALIGNMENT";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_SUCCESS:           return "TENSORS_SUCCESS";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN:      return "TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE:      return "TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS:         return "TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE:          return "TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG:         return "TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE:           return "TENSORS_BAD_TYPE";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET:         return "TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME:     return "TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN:          return "TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN: return "TENSORS_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_SUCCESS:            return "TENSORS_SUCCESS";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN:       return "TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN";
 
-        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA:      return "DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGNMENT:        return "DATA_BAD_ALIGNMENT";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_SUCCESS:              return "DATA_SUCCESS";
-        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN:         return "DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA:       return "DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGN:             return "DATA_BAD_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN:    return "DATA_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_SUCCESS:               return "DATA_SUCCESS";
+        case HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN:          return "DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN";
     }
     GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }
@@ -140,31 +145,41 @@ std::vector<std::pair<enum gguf_type, enum gguf_type>> get_kv_types(std::mt19937
     return kv_types;
 }
 
-static void helper_write(const void * data, const size_t nbytes, FILE * file) {
+template <typename T>
+static void helper_write(FILE * file, const T & val) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(fwrite(&val, 1, sizeof(val), file) == sizeof(val));
+}
+
+static void helper_write(FILE * file, const void * data, const size_t nbytes) {
     GGML_ASSERT(fwrite(data, 1, nbytes, file) == nbytes);
 }
 
 static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcrafted_file_type hft, const int extra_bytes = 0) {
     FILE * file = tmpfile();
 
+    if (!file) {
+        return file;
+    }
+
     std::mt19937 rng(seed);
+    uint32_t alignment = GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
 
     if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC) {
         const char bad_magic[4] = {'F', 'U', 'G', 'G'};
-        helper_write(bad_magic, sizeof(bad_magic), file);
+        helper_write(file, bad_magic, sizeof(bad_magic));
     } else {
-        helper_write(GGUF_MAGIC, 4, file);
+        helper_write(file, GGUF_MAGIC, 4);
     }
 
     if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1) {
         const uint32_t version = 1;
-        helper_write(&version, sizeof(version), file);
+        helper_write(file, version);
     } else if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE) {
         const uint32_t version = GGUF_VERSION + 1;
-        helper_write(&version, sizeof(version), file);
+        helper_write(file, version);
     } else {
         const uint32_t version = GGUF_VERSION;
-        helper_write(&version, sizeof(version), file);
+        helper_write(file, version);
     }
 
     std::vector<tensor_config_t> tensor_configs;
@@ -174,10 +189,10 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
 
     if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS) {
         const uint64_t n_tensors = -1;
-        helper_write(&n_tensors, sizeof(n_tensors), file);
+        helper_write(file, n_tensors);
     } else {
         const uint64_t n_tensors = tensor_configs.size();
-        helper_write(&n_tensors, sizeof(n_tensors), file);
+        helper_write(file, n_tensors);
     }
 
     std::vector<std::pair<enum gguf_type, enum gguf_type>> kv_types;
@@ -186,41 +201,49 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
     }
     {
         uint64_t n_kv = kv_types.size();
-        if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN) {
+        if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_ALIGN      ||
+            hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN ||
+            hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGN    || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN) {
+
             n_kv += 1;
         } else if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV) {
             n_kv = -1;
         }
-        helper_write(&n_kv, sizeof(n_kv), file);
+        helper_write(file, n_kv);
     }
 
     if (hft < offset_has_kv) {
+        while (ftell(file) % alignment != 0) {
+            const char pad = 0;
+            helper_write(file, pad);
+        }
+
         for (int i = 0; i < extra_bytes; ++i) {
             const char tmp = 0;
-            helper_write(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), file);
+            helper_write(file, tmp);
         }
         rewind(file);
         return file;
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < int(kv_types.size()); ++i) {
-        const enum gguf_type type     = gguf_type(hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? -1 : kv_types[i].first);
-        const enum gguf_type type_arr = gguf_type(hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? -1 : kv_types[i].second);
+        const enum gguf_type type     = gguf_type(hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? GGUF_TYPE_COUNT : kv_types[i].first);
+        const enum gguf_type type_arr = gguf_type(hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? GGUF_TYPE_COUNT : kv_types[i].second);
 
         const std::string key = "my_key_" + std::to_string((hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY ? i/2 : i));
 
         if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE) {
             const uint64_t n = -1;
-            helper_write(&n, sizeof(n), file);
+            helper_write(file, n);
         } else {
             const uint64_t n = key.length();
-            helper_write(&n, sizeof(n), file);
+            helper_write(file, n);
         }
-        helper_write(key.data(), key.length(), file);
+        helper_write(file, key.data(), key.length());
 
         {
             const int32_t type32 = int32_t(type);
-            helper_write(&type32, sizeof(type32), file);
+            helper_write(file, type32);
         }
 
         uint32_t data[16];
@@ -233,69 +256,67 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
 
         if (type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING) {
             const uint64_t n = rng() % sizeof(data);
-            helper_write(&n,   sizeof(n), file);
-            helper_write(data,        n,  file);
+            helper_write(file, n);
+            helper_write(file, data, n);
             continue;
         }
 
         if (type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
             {
                 const int32_t type32 = int32_t(type_arr);
-                helper_write(&type32, sizeof(type32), file);
+                helper_write(file, type32);
             }
             if (type_arr == GGUF_TYPE_STRING) {
                 const uint64_t nstr = rng() % (16 + 1);
-                helper_write(&nstr, sizeof(nstr), file);
+                helper_write(file, nstr);
                 for (uint64_t istr = 0; istr < nstr; ++istr) {
                     const uint64_t n = rng() % (sizeof(uint32_t) + 1);
-                    helper_write(&n,          sizeof(n), file);
-                    helper_write(&data[istr],        n,  file);
+                    helper_write(file, n);
+                    helper_write(file, &data[istr], n);
                 }
                 continue;
             }
             const size_t type_size = gguf_type_size(type_arr);
             const uint64_t n = (rng() % sizeof(data)) / type_size;
-            helper_write(&n,    sizeof(n),   file);
-            helper_write(&data, n*type_size, file);
+            helper_write(file, n);
+            helper_write(file, &data, n*type_size);
             continue;
         }
 
-        size_t type_size = hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? 1 : gguf_type_size(type);
-        if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE) {
-            type_size += rng() % 3;
-        }
-        helper_write(data, type_size, file);
+        helper_write(file, data, hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE ? 1 : gguf_type_size(type));
     }
 
-    if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN) {
-        const std::string key = "general.alignment";
-        {
-            const uint64_t n = key.length();
-            helper_write(&n, sizeof(n), file);
-        }
-        helper_write(key.data(), key.length(), file);
+    if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_ALIGN      ||
+        hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN ||
+        hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGN    || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN) {
+
+        const uint64_t n = strlen(GGUF_KEY_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT);
+        helper_write(file, n);
+        helper_write(file, GGUF_KEY_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT, n);
 
         const int32_t type = gguf_type(GGUF_TYPE_UINT32);
-        helper_write(&type, sizeof(type), file);
+        helper_write(file, type);
 
-        const uint32_t alignment = GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT + 1;
-        helper_write(&alignment, sizeof(alignment), file);
+        alignment = expect_context_not_null(hft) ? 1 : 13;
+        helper_write(file, alignment);
     }
 
     if (hft < offset_has_tensors) {
+        while (ftell(file) % alignment != 0) {
+            const char pad = 0;
+            helper_write(file, pad);
+        }
+
         for (int i = 0; i < extra_bytes; ++i) {
             const char tmp = 0;
-            helper_write(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), file);
+            helper_write(file, tmp);
         }
         rewind(file);
         return file;
     }
 
-    uint32_t alignment = GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
-    if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGNMENT || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGNMENT) {
-        alignment -= 1;
-    } else if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN) {
-        alignment += 1;
+    if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN) {
+        alignment = 1;
     }
 
     uint64_t offset = 0;
@@ -313,9 +334,9 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
         }
         {
             const uint64_t n = name.length();
-            helper_write(&n, sizeof(n), file);
+            helper_write(file, n);
         }
-        helper_write(name.data(), name.length(), file);
+        helper_write(file, name.data(), name.length());
 
         uint32_t n_dims = hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG ? 2 : 1;
         for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS-1; i >= 1; --i) {
@@ -326,35 +347,35 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
         }
         if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_N_DIMS) {
             const uint32_t n_dims_bad = GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1;
-            helper_write(&n_dims_bad, sizeof(n_dims_bad), file);
+            helper_write(file, n_dims_bad);
         } else {
-            helper_write(&n_dims,     sizeof(n_dims),     file);
+            helper_write(file, n_dims);
         }
 
         if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE) {
             for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_dims; ++j) {
                 const int64_t bad_dim = -1;
-                helper_write(&bad_dim, sizeof(bad_dim), file);
+                helper_write(file, bad_dim);
             }
         } else if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG){
             for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_dims; ++j) {
                 const int64_t big_dim = 4*int64_t(INT32_MAX);
-                helper_write(&big_dim, sizeof(big_dim), file);
+                helper_write(file, big_dim);
             }
         } else {
-            helper_write(shape.data(), n_dims*sizeof(int64_t), file);
+            helper_write(file, shape.data(), n_dims*sizeof(int64_t));
         }
 
         {
-            const int32_t type32 = hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE ? -1 : int32_t(type);
-            helper_write(&type32, sizeof(type32), file);
+            const int32_t type32 = hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE ? GGML_TYPE_COUNT : int32_t(type);
+            helper_write(file, type32);
         }
 
         if (hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET) {
             const uint64_t bad_offset = -1;
-            helper_write(&bad_offset, sizeof(bad_offset), file);
+            helper_write(file, bad_offset);
         } else {
-            helper_write(&offset, sizeof(offset), file);
+            helper_write(file, offset);
         }
 
         int64_t ne = shape[0];
@@ -364,12 +385,9 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
         offset += GGML_PAD(ggml_row_size(type, ne), alignment);
     }
 
-    const uint32_t alignment_overshoot = ftell(file) % alignment;
-    if (alignment_overshoot != 0) {
-        for (size_t i = alignment_overshoot; i < alignment; ++i) {
-            const char pad = 0;
-            helper_write(&pad, sizeof(pad), file);
-        }
+    while (ftell(file) % alignment != 0) {
+        const char pad = 0;
+        helper_write(file, pad);
     }
 
     if (hft >= offset_has_data) {
@@ -380,13 +398,13 @@ static FILE * get_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed, const enum handcraft
         }
         for (uint64_t i = 0; i < nbytes; ++i) {
             const uint8_t random_byte = i % 256;
-            helper_write(&random_byte, sizeof(random_byte), file);
+            helper_write(file, random_byte);
         }
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < extra_bytes; ++i) {
         const char tmp = 0;
-        helper_write(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), file);
+        helper_write(file, tmp);
     }
     rewind(file);
     return file;
@@ -505,6 +523,16 @@ static bool handcrafted_check_kv(const gguf_context * gguf_ctx, const unsigned i
             }
 
             const char * data_gguf = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(gguf_get_arr_data(gguf_ctx, id));
+
+            if (type_arr == GGUF_TYPE_BOOL) {
+                for (size_t arr_i = 0; arr_i < arr_n; ++arr_i) {
+                    if (bool(data8[arr_i]) != bool(data_gguf[arr_i])) {
+                        ok = false;
+                    }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
             if (!std::equal(data8, data8 + arr_n*type_size, data_gguf)) {
                 ok = false;
             }
@@ -512,12 +540,20 @@ static bool handcrafted_check_kv(const gguf_context * gguf_ctx, const unsigned i
         }
 
         const char * data_gguf = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(gguf_get_val_data(gguf_ctx, id));
+
+        if (type == GGUF_TYPE_BOOL) {
+            if (bool(*data8) != bool(*data_gguf)) {
+                ok = false;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
         if (!std::equal(data8, data8 + gguf_type_size(type), data_gguf)) {
             ok = false;
         }
     }
 
-    const uint32_t expected_alignment = alignment_defined ? GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT + 1 : GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
+    const uint32_t expected_alignment = alignment_defined ? 1 : GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
     if (gguf_get_alignment(gguf_ctx) != expected_alignment) {
         ok = false;
     }
@@ -539,7 +575,7 @@ static bool handcrafted_check_tensors(const gguf_context * gguf_ctx, const unsig
 
     bool ok = true;
 
-    const int id_alignment = gguf_find_key(gguf_ctx, "general.alignment");
+    const int id_alignment = gguf_find_key(gguf_ctx, GGUF_KEY_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT);
     const uint32_t alignment = id_alignment >= 0 ? gguf_get_val_u32(gguf_ctx, id_alignment) : GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
 
     uint64_t expected_offset = 0;
@@ -607,7 +643,7 @@ static bool handcrafted_check_tensor_data(const gguf_context * gguf_ctx, const u
 
         std::vector<uint8_t> data(size);
         GGML_ASSERT(fseek(file, gguf_get_data_offset(gguf_ctx) + offset, SEEK_SET) == 0);
-        GGML_ASSERT(fread(data.data(), 1, size, file) == size);
+        GGML_ASSERT(fread(data.data(), 1, data.size(), file) == data.size());
 
         for (size_t j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
             const uint8_t expected_byte = (j + offset) % 256;
@@ -627,15 +663,15 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
     const std::vector<handcrafted_file_type> hfts = {
         HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_MAGIC,
         HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_1,
-        // HANDCRAFTED_FILE_TYPE_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE, // FIXME
+        HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_VERSION_FUTURE,
         HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_KV,
         HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_BAD_N_TENSORS,
         HANDCRAFTED_HEADER_EMPTY,
 
         HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_KEY_SIZE,
         HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_TYPE,
-        // HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_VALUE_SIZE, // FIXME sanitizer limit
-        // HANDCRAFTED_FILE_TYPE_DUPLICATE_KEY, // FIXME
+        HANDCRAFTED_KV_DUPLICATE_KEY,
+        HANDCRAFTED_KV_BAD_ALIGN,
         HANDCRAFTED_KV_SUCCESS,
 
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_NAME_SIZE,
@@ -643,14 +679,16 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_SHAPE,
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_NE_TOO_BIG,
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_TYPE,
-        // HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET, // FIXME
+        HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_OFFSET,
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_DUPLICATE_NAME,
-        // HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGNMENT, // FIXME
+        HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_BAD_ALIGN,
+        HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN,
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_SUCCESS,
         HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN,
 
         HANDCRAFTED_DATA_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA,
-        // HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGNMENT, // FIXME
+        HANDCRAFTED_DATA_BAD_ALIGN,
+        HANDCRAFTED_DATA_INCONSISTENT_ALIGN,
         HANDCRAFTED_DATA_SUCCESS,
         HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN,
     };
@@ -674,6 +712,7 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
             /*no_alloc =*/ false,
             /*ctx      =*/ hft >= offset_has_data ? &ctx : nullptr,
         };
+
         struct gguf_context * gguf_ctx = gguf_init_from_file_impl(file, gguf_params);
 
         if (expect_context_not_null(hft)) {
@@ -689,7 +728,7 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
         }
         ntest++;
 
-        if (false && hft >= offset_has_data && !expect_context_not_null(hft)) { // FIXME
+        if (hft >= offset_has_data && !expect_context_not_null(hft)) {
             printf("%s:   - no_dangling_ggml_context_pointer: ", __func__);
             if (ctx) {
                 printf("\033[1;31mFAIL\033[0m\n");
@@ -700,23 +739,6 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
             ntest++;
         }
 
-        if (false && expect_context_not_null(hft)) { // FIXME
-            FILE * file_eb = get_handcrafted_file(seed, hft, /*extra_bytes =*/ 1);
-            struct gguf_context * gguf_ctx_eb = gguf_init_from_file_impl(file_eb, gguf_params);
-
-            printf("%s:   - context_null_with_extra_bytes: ", __func__);
-            if (gguf_ctx_eb) {
-                printf("\033[1;31mFAIL\033[0m\n");
-            } else {
-                printf("\033[1;32mOK\033[0m\n");
-                npass++;
-            }
-            ntest++;
-
-            gguf_free(gguf_ctx_eb);
-            fclose(file_eb);
-        }
-
         const bool alignment_defined = hft == HANDCRAFTED_TENSORS_CUSTOM_ALIGN || hft == HANDCRAFTED_DATA_CUSTOM_ALIGN;
 
         if (expect_context_not_null(hft)) {
@@ -763,14 +785,15 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_handcrafted_file(const unsigned int seed) {
             ntest++;
         }
 
+        fclose(file);
         if (gguf_ctx) {
             ggml_free(ctx);
             gguf_free(gguf_ctx);
         }
-        fclose(file);
         printf("\n");
     }
 
+
     return std::make_pair(npass, ntest);
 }
 
@@ -789,10 +812,6 @@ static struct random_gguf_context_result get_random_gguf_context(ggml_backend_t
         const std::string key = "my_key_" + std::to_string(rng() % 1024);
         const enum gguf_type type = gguf_type(rng() % GGUF_TYPE_COUNT);
 
-        if (type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING || type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-            continue; // FIXME memory leak
-        }
-
         switch (type) {
             case GGUF_TYPE_UINT8:   gguf_set_val_u8  (gguf_ctx, key.c_str(), rng() % (1 <<  7));             break;
             case GGUF_TYPE_INT8:    gguf_set_val_i8  (gguf_ctx, key.c_str(), rng() % (1 <<  7) - (1 <<  6)); break;
@@ -826,6 +845,9 @@ static struct random_gguf_context_result get_random_gguf_context(ggml_backend_t
                         std::vector<uint32_t> random_data((nbytes + sizeof(uint32_t) - 1) / sizeof(uint32_t));
                         for (size_t j = 0; j < random_data.size(); ++j) {
                             random_data[j] = rng();
+                            if (type_arr == GGUF_TYPE_BOOL) {
+                                random_data[j] &= 0x01010101; // the sanitizer complains if booleans are not 0 or 1
+                            }
                         }
                         gguf_set_arr_data(gguf_ctx, key.c_str(), type_arr, random_data.data(), ne);
                     } break;
@@ -928,6 +950,17 @@ static bool all_kv_in_other(const gguf_context * ctx, const gguf_context * other
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (type_arr == GGUF_TYPE_BOOL) {
+                const int8_t * data       = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(gguf_get_arr_data(ctx,   id));
+                const int8_t * data_other = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(gguf_get_arr_data(other, idx_other));
+                for (int arr_i = 0; arr_i < arr_n; ++arr_i) {
+                    if (bool(data[arr_i]) != bool(data_other[arr_i])) {
+                        ok = false;
+                    }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
             if (type_arr == GGUF_TYPE_STRING) {
                 for (int arr_i = 0; arr_i < arr_n; ++arr_i) {
                     const std::string str       = gguf_get_arr_str(ctx,   id,       arr_i);
@@ -939,8 +972,8 @@ static bool all_kv_in_other(const gguf_context * ctx, const gguf_context * other
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const char * data       = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(gguf_get_arr_data(ctx,   id));
-            const char * data_other = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(gguf_get_arr_data(other, idx_other));
+            const int8_t * data       = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(gguf_get_arr_data(ctx,   id));
+            const int8_t * data_other = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(gguf_get_arr_data(other, idx_other));
             if (!std::equal(data, data + arr_n*gguf_type_size(type_arr), data_other)) {
                 ok = false;
             }
@@ -1028,21 +1061,6 @@ static bool same_tensor_data(const struct ggml_context * orig, const struct ggml
 }
 
 static std::pair<int, int> test_roundtrip(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const unsigned int seed, const bool only_meta) {
-    FILE * file = tmpfile();
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    if (!file) {
-        printf("%s: failed to create tmpfile(), needs elevated privileges on Windows");
-        printf("%s: skipping tests");
-        return std::make_pair(0, 0);
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(file);
-#endif // _WIN32
-
-    if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) != GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
-        return std::make_pair(0, 0); // FIXME
-    }
-
     ggml_backend_t backend = ggml_backend_dev_init(dev, nullptr);
     printf("%s: device=%s, backend=%s, only_meta=%s\n",
         __func__, ggml_backend_dev_description(dev), ggml_backend_name(backend), only_meta ? "yes" : "no");
@@ -1060,10 +1078,24 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_roundtrip(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const unsigned
         bbuf       = result.buffer;
     }
 
-    struct gguf_buf gbuf = gguf_buf_init(16 * 1024);
-    gguf_write_to_buf(gguf_ctx_0, &gbuf, only_meta);
-    helper_write(gbuf.data, gbuf.offset, file);
-    rewind(file);
+    FILE * file = tmpfile();
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (!file) {
+        printf("%s: failed to create tmpfile(), needs elevated privileges on Windows");
+        printf("%s: skipping tests");
+        return std::make_pair(0, 0);
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_ASSERT(file);
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+    {
+        std::vector<int8_t> buf;
+        gguf_write_to_buf(gguf_ctx_0, buf, only_meta);
+        GGML_ASSERT(fwrite(buf.data(), 1, buf.size(), file) == buf.size());
+        rewind(file);
+    }
 
     struct ggml_context * ctx_1 = nullptr;
     struct gguf_init_params gguf_params = {
@@ -1151,9 +1183,8 @@ static std::pair<int, int> test_roundtrip(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const unsigned
     ggml_free(ctx_1);
     gguf_free(gguf_ctx_0);
     gguf_free(gguf_ctx_1);
-    gguf_buf_free(gbuf);
     ggml_backend_free(backend);
-    GGML_ASSERT(fclose(file) == 0);
+    fclose(file);
 
     printf("\n");
     return std::make_pair(npass, ntest);