fixes

While there appears to be an underlying issue of blocking tasks that
this specific PR is not resolving, it should alleviate the problems
described in
https://leanprover.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/270676-lean4/topic/reliable.20file.20desync.20on.20Linux.20Mint
as it effectively reverts the relevant change introduced in 4.13.0-rc1
when the trace option is not set.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Please put an X between the brackets as you perform the following steps:
 
 ### Context
 
-[Broader context that the issue occured in. If there was any prior discussion on [the Lean Zulip](https://leanprover.zulipchat.com), link it here as well.]
+[Broader context that the issue occurred in. If there was any prior discussion on [the Lean Zulip](https://leanprover.zulipchat.com), link it here as well.]
 
 ### Steps to Reproduce
 

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 * Include the link to your `RFC` or `bug` issue in the description.
 * If the issue does not already have approval from a developer, submit the PR as draft.
 * The PR title/description will become the commit message. Keep it up-to-date as the PR evolves.
+* A toolchain of the form `leanprover/lean4-pr-releases:pr-release-NNNN` for Linux and M-series Macs will be generated upon build. To generate binaries for Windows and Intel-based Macs as well, write a comment containing `release-ci` on its own line.
 * If you rebase your PR onto `nightly-with-mathlib` then CI will test Mathlib against your PR.
 * You can manage the `awaiting-review`, `awaiting-author`, and `WIP` labels yourself, by writing a comment containing one of these labels on its own line.
 * Remove this section, up to and including the `---` before submitting.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ jobs:
           elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" != "pull_request" ]]; then
             check_level=1
           else
-            labels="$(gh api repos/${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ github.event.repository.name }}/pulls/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}) --jq '.labels'"
+            labels="$(gh api repos/${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ github.event.repository.name }}/pulls/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} --jq '.labels')"
             if echo "$labels" | grep -q "release-ci"; then
               check_level=2
             elif echo "$labels" | grep -q "merge-ci"; then
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ jobs:
                 "check-level": 2,
                 "CMAKE_PRESET": "debug",
                 // exclude seriously slow tests
-                "CTEST_OPTIONS": "-E 'interactivetest|leanpkgtest|laketest|benchtest'"
+                "CTEST_OPTIONS": "-E 'interactivetest|leanpkgtest|laketest|benchtest|bv_bitblast_stress'"
               },
               // TODO: suddenly started failing in CI
               /*{
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
                 "os": "macos-14",
                 "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-darwin_aarch64",
                 "release": true,
-                "check-level": 1,
+                "check-level": 0,
                 "shell": "bash -euxo pipefail {0}",
                 "llvm-url": "https://github.com/leanprover/lean-llvm/releases/download/15.0.1/lean-llvm-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.zst",
                 "prepare-llvm": "../script/prepare-llvm-macos.sh lean-llvm*",
@@ -226,21 +226,19 @@ jobs:
               },
               {
                 "name": "Linux aarch64",
-                "os": "ubuntu-latest",
+                "os": "nscloud-ubuntu-22.04-arm64-4x8",
                 "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DUSE_GMP=OFF -DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-linux_aarch64",
                 "release": true,
                 "check-level": 2,
-                "cross": true,
-                "cross_target": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
                 "shell": "nix develop .#oldGlibcAArch -c bash -euxo pipefail {0}",
-                "llvm-url": "https://github.com/leanprover/lean-llvm/releases/download/15.0.1/lean-llvm-x86_64-linux-gnu.tar.zst https://github.com/leanprover/lean-llvm/releases/download/15.0.1/lean-llvm-aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.zst",
-                "prepare-llvm": "../script/prepare-llvm-linux.sh lean-llvm-aarch64-* lean-llvm-x86_64-*"
+                "llvm-url": "https://github.com/leanprover/lean-llvm/releases/download/15.0.1/lean-llvm-aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.zst",
+                "prepare-llvm": "../script/prepare-llvm-linux.sh lean-llvm*"
               },
               {
                 "name": "Linux 32bit",
                 "os": "ubuntu-latest",
                 // Use 32bit on stage0 and stage1 to keep oleans compatible
-                "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DSTAGE0_USE_GMP=OFF -DSTAGE0_LEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_LEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_MMAP=OFF -DUSE_GMP=OFF -DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DLEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DMMAP=OFF -DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-linux_x86",
+                "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DSTAGE0_USE_GMP=OFF -DSTAGE0_LEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_LEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_MMAP=OFF -DUSE_GMP=OFF -DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DLEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DMMAP=OFF -DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-linux_x86 -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/",
                 "cmultilib": true,
                 "release": true,
                 "check-level": 2,
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ jobs:
                 "name": "Web Assembly",
                 "os": "ubuntu-latest",
                 // Build a native 32bit binary in stage0 and use it to compile the oleans and the wasm build
-                "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS=1 -DSTAGE0_USE_GMP=OFF -DSTAGE0_LEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_LEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX=\"\" -DUSE_GMP=OFF -DMMAP=OFF -DSTAGE0_MMAP=OFF -DCMAKE_AR=../emsdk/emsdk-main/upstream/emscripten/emar -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../emsdk/emsdk-main/upstream/emscripten/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake -DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-linux_wasm32",
+                "CMAKE_OPTIONS": "-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS=1 -DSTAGE0_USE_GMP=OFF -DSTAGE0_LEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_LEANC_OPTS='-m32' -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX=\"\" -DUSE_GMP=OFF -DMMAP=OFF -DSTAGE0_MMAP=OFF -DCMAKE_AR=../emsdk/emsdk-main/upstream/emscripten/emar -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../emsdk/emsdk-main/upstream/emscripten/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake -DLEAN_INSTALL_SUFFIX=-linux_wasm32 -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/",
                 "wasm": true,
                 "cmultilib": true,
                 "release": true,
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ jobs:
                 "cross": true,
                 "shell": "bash -euxo pipefail {0}",
                 // Just a few selected tests because wasm is slow
-                "CTEST_OPTIONS": "-R \"leantest_1007\\.lean|leantest_Format\\.lean|leanruntest\\_1037.lean|leanruntest_ac_rfl\\.lean\""
+                "CTEST_OPTIONS": "-R \"leantest_1007\\.lean|leantest_Format\\.lean|leanruntest\\_1037.lean|leanruntest_ac_rfl\\.lean|leanruntest_tempfile.lean\\.|leanruntest_libuv\\.lean\""
               }
             ];
             console.log(`matrix:\n${JSON.stringify(matrix, null, 2)}`)
@@ -298,12 +296,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
         with:
           msystem: clang64
-          # `:p` means prefix with appropriate msystem prefix
-          pacboy: "make python cmake:p clang:p ccache:p gmp:p git zip unzip diffutils binutils tree zstd:p tar"
+          # `:` means do not prefix with msystem
+          pacboy: "make: python: cmake clang ccache gmp libuv git: zip: unzip: diffutils: binutils: tree: zstd tar:"
         if: runner.os == 'Windows'
       - name: Install Brew Packages
         run: |
-          brew install ccache tree zstd coreutils gmp
+          brew install ccache tree zstd coreutils gmp libuv
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -318,7 +316,7 @@ jobs:
           git fetch --depth=1 origin ${{ github.sha }}
           git checkout FETCH_HEAD flake.nix flake.lock
         if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-      # (needs to be after "Checkout" so files don't get overriden)
+      # (needs to be after "Checkout" so files don't get overridden)
       - name: Setup emsdk
         uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v12
         with:
@@ -327,17 +325,19 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.wasm
       - name: Install 32bit c libs
         run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y gcc-multilib g++-multilib ccache
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc-multilib g++-multilib ccache libuv1-dev:i386
         if: matrix.cmultilib
       - name: Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: .ccache
           key: ${{ matrix.name }}-build-v3-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
           # fall back to (latest) previous cache
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ matrix.name }}-build-v3
+          save-always: true
       # open nix-shell once for initial setup
       - name: Setup
         run: |
@@ -382,6 +382,12 @@ jobs:
           make -C build install
       - name: Check Binaries
         run: ${{ matrix.binary-check }} lean-*/bin/* || true
+      - name: Count binary symbols
+        run: |
+          for f in lean-*/bin/*; do
+            echo "$f: $(nm $f | grep " T " | wc -l) exported symbols"
+          done
+        if: matrix.name == 'Windows'
       - name: List Install Tree
         run: |
           # omit contents of Init/, ...
@@ -426,7 +432,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.test-speedcenter
       - name: Check Stage 3
         run: |
-          make -C build -j$NPROC stage3
+          make -C build -j$NPROC check-stage3
         if: matrix.test-speedcenter
       - name: Test Speedcenter Benchmarks
         run: |
@@ -446,7 +452,7 @@ jobs:
         run: ccache -s
 
   # This job collects results from all the matrix jobs
-  # This can be made the “required” job, instead of listing each
+  # This can be made the "required" job, instead of listing each
   # matrix job separately
   all-done:
     name: Build matrix complete
@@ -455,12 +461,24 @@ jobs:
     # mark as merely cancelled not failed if builds are cancelled
     if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
     steps:
+    - if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') && github.repository == 'leanprover/lean4' && github.ref_name == 'master' }}
+      uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
+      with:
+        api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
+        email: "github-actions-bot@lean-fro.zulipchat.com"
+        organization-url: "https://lean-fro.zulipchat.com"
+        to: "infrastructure"
+        topic: "Github actions"
+        type: "stream"
+        content: |
+          A build of `${{ github.ref_name }}`, triggered by event `${{ github.event_name }}`, [failed](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).
     - if: contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')
       uses: actions/github-script@v7
       with:
         script: |
             core.setFailed('Some jobs failed')
 
+
   # This job creates releases from tags
   # (whether they are "unofficial" releases for experiments, or official releases when the tag is "v" followed by a semver string.)
   # We do not attempt to automatically construct a changelog here:
@@ -533,3 +551,8 @@ jobs:
           gh workflow -R leanprover/release-index run update-index.yml
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_INDEX_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Update toolchain on mathlib4's nightly-testing branch
+        run: |
+          gh workflow -R leanprover-community/mathlib4 run nightly_bump_toolchain.yml
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_BOT }}

.github/workflows/jira.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Jira sync
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [closed]
+
+jobs:
+  jira-sync:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Move Jira issue to Done
+        env:
+          JIRA_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JIRA_API_TOKEN }}
+          JIRA_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.JIRA_USERNAME }}
+          JIRA_BASE_URL: ${{ secrets.JIRA_BASE_URL }}
+        run: |
+          issue_number=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+
+          jira_issue_key=$(curl -s -u "${JIRA_USERNAME}:${JIRA_API_TOKEN}" \
+            -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+            "${JIRA_BASE_URL}/rest/api/2/search?jql=summary~\"${issue_number}\"" | \
+            jq -r '.issues[0].key')
+
+          if [ -z "$jira_issue_key" ]; then
+            exit
+          fi
+
+          curl -s -u "${JIRA_USERNAME}:${JIRA_API_TOKEN}" \
+            -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+            --data "{\"transition\": {\"id\": \"41\"}}" \
+            "${JIRA_BASE_URL}/rest/api/2/issue/${jira_issue_key}/transitions"
+
+          echo "Moved Jira issue ${jira_issue_key} to Done"

.github/workflows/labels-from-comments.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-# This workflow allows any user to add one of the `awaiting-review`, `awaiting-author`, or `WIP` labels,
-# by commenting on the PR or issue.
-# Other labels from this set are removed automatically at the same time.
+# This workflow allows any user to add one of the `awaiting-review`, `awaiting-author`, `WIP`,
+# or `release-ci` labels by commenting on the PR or issue.
+# If any labels from the set {`awaiting-review`, `awaiting-author`, `WIP`} are added, other labels
+# from that set are removed automatically at the same time.
 
 name: Label PR based on Comment
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   update-label:
-    if: github.event.issue.pull_request != null && (contains(github.event.comment.body, 'awaiting-review') || contains(github.event.comment.body, 'awaiting-author') || contains(github.event.comment.body, 'WIP'))
+    if: github.event.issue.pull_request != null && (contains(github.event.comment.body, 'awaiting-review') || contains(github.event.comment.body, 'awaiting-author') || contains(github.event.comment.body, 'WIP') || contains(github.event.comment.body, 'release-ci'))
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ jobs:
           const awaitingReview = commentLines.includes('awaiting-review');
           const awaitingAuthor = commentLines.includes('awaiting-author');
           const wip = commentLines.includes('WIP');
+          const releaseCI = commentLines.includes('release-ci');
 
           if (awaitingReview || awaitingAuthor || wip) {
             await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({ owner, repo, issue_number, name: 'awaiting-review' }).catch(() => {});
@@ -41,3 +43,7 @@ jobs:
           if (wip) {
             await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner, repo, issue_number, labels: ['WIP'] });
           }
+
+          if (releaseCI) {
+            await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner, repo, issue_number, labels: ['release-ci'] });
+          }

.github/workflows/nix-ci.yml

@@ -55,13 +55,14 @@ jobs:
           # the default is to use a virtual merge commit between the PR and master: just use the PR
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
       - name: Set Up Nix Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: nix-store-cache
           key: ${{ matrix.name }}-nix-store-cache-${{ github.sha }}
           # fall back to (latest) previous cache
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ matrix.name }}-nix-store-cache
+          save-always: true
       - name: Further Set Up Nix Cache
         shell: bash -euxo pipefail {0}
         run: |
@@ -78,13 +79,14 @@ jobs:
           sudo mkdir -m0770 -p /nix/var/cache/ccache
           sudo chown -R $USER /nix/var/cache/ccache
       - name: Setup CCache Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: /nix/var/cache/ccache
           key: ${{ matrix.name }}-nix-ccache-${{ github.sha }}
           # fall back to (latest) previous cache
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ matrix.name }}-nix-ccache
+          save-always: true
       - name: Further Set Up CCache Cache
         run: |
           sudo chown -R root:nixbld /nix/var/cache
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
       - name: Build manual
         run: |
-          nix build $NIX_BUILD_ARGS --update-input lean --no-write-lock-file ./doc#{lean-mdbook,leanInk,alectryon,test,inked} -o push-doc
+          nix build $NIX_BUILD_ARGS --update-input lean --no-write-lock-file ./doc#{lean-mdbook,leanInk,alectryon,inked} -o push-doc
           nix build $NIX_BUILD_ARGS --update-input lean --no-write-lock-file ./doc
           # https://github.com/netlify/cli/issues/1809
           cp -r --dereference ./result ./dist
@@ -146,5 +148,3 @@ jobs:
       - name: Fixup CCache Cache
         run: |
           sudo chown -R $USER /nix/var/cache
-      - name: CCache stats
-        run: CCACHE_DIR=/nix/var/cache/ccache nix run .#nixpkgs.ccache -- -s

.github/workflows/pr-release.yml

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
               MESSAGE=""
 
               if [[ -n "$MATHLIB_REMOTE_TAGS" ]]; then
-                echo "... and Mathlib has a 'nightly-testing-$MOST_RECENT_NIGHTLY' tag."    
+                echo "... and Mathlib has a 'nightly-testing-$MOST_RECENT_NIGHTLY' tag."
               else
                 echo "... but Mathlib does not yet have a 'nightly-testing-$MOST_RECENT_NIGHTLY' tag."
                 MESSAGE="- ❗ Mathlib CI can not be attempted yet, as the \`nightly-testing-$MOST_RECENT_NIGHTLY\` tag does not exist there yet. We will retry when you push more commits. If you rebase your branch onto \`nightly-with-mathlib\`, Mathlib CI should run now."
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
             echo "but 'git merge-base origin/master HEAD' reported: $MERGE_BASE_SHA"
             git -C lean4.git log -10 origin/master
 
-            git -C lean4.git fetch origin nightly-with-mathlib 
+            git -C lean4.git fetch origin nightly-with-mathlib
             NIGHTLY_WITH_MATHLIB_SHA="$(git -C lean4.git rev-parse "origin/nightly-with-mathlib")"
             MESSAGE="- ❗ Batteries/Mathlib CI will not be attempted unless your PR branches off the \`nightly-with-mathlib\` branch. Try \`git rebase $MERGE_BASE_SHA --onto $NIGHTLY_WITH_MATHLIB_SHA\`."
           fi
@@ -163,10 +163,11 @@ jobs:
             # so keep in sync
 
             # Use GitHub API to check if a comment already exists
-            existing_comment="$(curl -L -s -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_BOT }}" \
+            existing_comment="$(curl --retry 3 --location --silent \
+                                    -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_COMMENT_BOT }}" \
                                     -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
                                     "https://api.github.com/repos/leanprover/lean4/issues/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}/comments" \
-                                    | jq 'first(.[] | select(.body | test("^- . Mathlib") or startswith("Mathlib CI status")) | select(.user.login == "leanprover-community-mathlib4-bot"))')"
+                                    | jq 'first(.[] | select(.body | test("^- . Mathlib") or startswith("Mathlib CI status")) | select(.user.login == "leanprover-community-bot"))')"
             existing_comment_id="$(echo "$existing_comment" | jq -r .id)"
             existing_comment_body="$(echo "$existing_comment" | jq -r .body)"
 
@@ -176,14 +177,14 @@ jobs:
               echo "Posting message to the comments: $MESSAGE"
 
               # Append new result to the existing comment or post a new comment
-              # It's essential we use the MATHLIB4_BOT token here, so that Mathlib CI can subsequently edit the comment.
+              # It's essential we use the MATHLIB4_COMMENT_BOT token here, so that Mathlib CI can subsequently edit the comment.
               if [ -z "$existing_comment_id" ]; then
                 INTRO="Mathlib CI status ([docs](https://leanprover-community.github.io/contribute/tags_and_branches.html)):"
                 # Post new comment with a bullet point
                 echo "Posting as new comment at leanprover/lean4/issues/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}/comments"
                 curl -L -s \
                   -X POST \
-                  -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_BOT }}" \
+                  -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_COMMENT_BOT }}" \
                   -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
                   -d "$(jq --null-input --arg intro "$INTRO" --arg val "$MESSAGE" '{"body":($intro + "\n" + $val)}')" \
                   "https://api.github.com/repos/leanprover/lean4/issues/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}/comments"
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ jobs:
                 echo "Appending to existing comment at leanprover/lean4/issues/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}/comments"
                 curl -L -s \
                   -X PATCH \
-                  -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_BOT }}" \
+                  -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.MATHLIB4_COMMENT_BOT }}" \
                   -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
                   -d "$(jq --null-input --arg existing "$existing_comment_body" --arg message "$MESSAGE" '{"body":($existing + "\n" + $message)}')" \
                   "https://api.github.com/repos/leanprover/lean4/issues/comments/$existing_comment_id"
@@ -328,16 +329,18 @@ jobs:
             git switch -c lean-pr-testing-${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }} "$BASE"
             echo "leanprover/lean4-pr-releases:pr-release-${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}" > lean-toolchain
             git add lean-toolchain
-            sed -i 's,require "leanprover-community" / "batteries" @ ".\+",require "leanprover-community" / "batteries" @ "git#nightly-testing-'"${MOST_RECENT_NIGHTLY}"'",' lakefile.lean
+            sed -i 's,require "leanprover-community" / "batteries" @ git ".\+",require "leanprover-community" / "batteries" @ git "lean-pr-testing-${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}",' lakefile.lean
             lake update batteries
             git add lakefile.lean lake-manifest.json
             git commit -m "Update lean-toolchain for testing https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}"
           else
-            echo "Branch already exists, pushing an empty commit."
+            echo "Branch already exists, merging $BASE and bumping Batteries."
             git switch lean-pr-testing-${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}
             # The Mathlib `nightly-testing` branch or `nightly-testing-YYYY-MM-DD` tag may have moved since this branch was created, so merge their changes.
             # (This should no longer be possible once `nightly-testing-YYYY-MM-DD` is a tag, but it is still safe to merge.)
             git merge "$BASE" --strategy-option ours --no-commit --allow-unrelated-histories
+            lake update batteries
+            git add lake-manifest.json
             git commit --allow-empty -m "Trigger CI for https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber }}"
           fi
 

.github/workflows/restart-on-label.yml

@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ jobs:
         # (unfortunately cannot search by PR number, only base branch,
         # and that is't even unique given PRs from forks, but the risk
         # of confusion is low and the danger is mild)
-        run_id=$(gh run list -e pull_request -b "$head_ref" --workflow 'CI' --limit 1 \
-          --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq '.[0].databaseId')
+        echo "Trying to find a run with branch $head_ref and commit $head_sha"
+        run_id="$(gh run list -e pull_request -b "$head_ref" -c "$head_sha" \
+          --workflow 'CI' --limit 1 --json databaseId --jq '.[0].databaseId')"
         echo "Run id: ${run_id}"
         gh run view "$run_id"
         echo "Cancelling (just in case)"
@@ -29,5 +30,6 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
       env:
         head_ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+        head_sha: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
         GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}

.github/workflows/update-stage0.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
     #  uses: DeterminateSystems/magic-nix-cache-action@v2
     - if: env.should_update_stage0 == 'yes'
       name: Restore Build Cache
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v3
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
       with:
         path: nix-store-cache
         key: Nix Linux-nix-store-cache-${{ github.sha }}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -30,6 +30,35 @@ if(NOT (DEFINED STAGE0_CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX))
     set(STAGE0_CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX "${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX}")
 endif()
 
+# Don't do anything with cadical on wasm
+if (NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
+  # On CI Linux, we source cadical from Nix instead; see flake.nix
+  find_program(CADICAL cadical)
+  if(NOT CADICAL)
+    set(CADICAL_CXX c++)
+    find_program(CCACHE ccache)
+    if(CCACHE)
+      set(CADICAL_CXX "${CCACHE} ${CADICAL_CXX}")
+    endif()
+    # missing stdio locking API on Windows
+    if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
+      string(APPEND CADICAL_CXXFLAGS " -DNUNLOCKED")
+    endif()
+    ExternalProject_add(cadical
+      PREFIX cadical
+      GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/arminbiere/cadical
+      GIT_TAG rel-1.9.5
+      CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+      # https://github.com/arminbiere/cadical/blob/master/BUILD.md#manual-build
+      BUILD_COMMAND $(MAKE) -f ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/cadical.mk CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX=${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX} CXX=${CADICAL_CXX} CXXFLAGS=${CADICAL_CXXFLAGS}
+      BUILD_IN_SOURCE ON
+      INSTALL_COMMAND "")
+    set(CADICAL ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/cadical/cadical${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX} CACHE FILEPATH "path to cadical binary" FORCE)
+    set(EXTRA_DEPENDS "cadical")
+  endif()
+  list(APPEND CL_ARGS -DCADICAL=${CADICAL})
+endif()
+
 ExternalProject_add(stage0
   SOURCE_DIR "${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}/stage0"
   SOURCE_SUBDIR src

CODEOWNERS

@@ -43,3 +43,5 @@
 /src/Init/Guard.lean @digama0
 /src/Lean/Server/CodeActions/ @digama0
 /src/Std/ @TwoFX
+/src/Std/Tactic/BVDecide/ @hargoniX
+/src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/ @hargoniX

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -63,6 +63,20 @@ Because the change will be squashed, there is no need to polish the commit messa
 Reviews and Feedback:
 ----
 
+The lean4 repo is managed by the Lean FRO's *triage team* that aims to provide initial feedback on new bug reports, PRs, and RFCs weekly.
+This feedback generally consists of prioritizing the ticket using one of the following categories:
+* label `P-high`: We will work on this issue
+* label `P-medium`: We may work on this issue if we find the time
+* label `P-low`: We are not planning to work on this issue
+* *closed*: This issue is already fixed, it is not an issue, or is not sufficiently compatible with our roadmap for the project and we will not work on it nor accept external contributions on it
+
+For *bug reports*, the listed priority reflects our commitment to fixing the issue.
+It is generally indicative but not necessarily identical to the priority an external contribution addressing this bug would receive.
+For *PRs* and *RFCs*, the priority reflects our commitment to reviewing them and getting them to an acceptable state.
+Accepted RFCs are marked with the label `RFC accepted` and afterwards assigned a new "implementation" priority as with bug reports.
+
+General guidelines for interacting with reviews and feedback:
+
 **Be Patient**: Given the limited number of full-time maintainers and the volume of PRs, reviews may take some time.
 
 **Engage Constructively**: Always approach feedback positively and constructively. Remember, reviews are about ensuring the best quality for the project, not personal criticism.

LICENSES

@@ -1341,3 +1341,33 @@ whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
 apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
 permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
 Library.
+==============================================================================
+CaDiCaL is under the MIT License:
+==============================================================================
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Armin Biere, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
+Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Mathias Fleury, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
+Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Nils Froleyks, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
+Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Katalin Fazekas, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
+Copyright (c) 2021-2024 Armin Biere, University of Freiburg, Germany
+Copyright (c) 2021-2024 Mathias Fleury, University of Freiburg, Germany
+Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Florian Pollitt, University of Freiburg, Germany
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

debug.log

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[0829/202002.254:ERROR:crashpad_client_win.cc(868)] not connected

doc/dev/bootstrap.md

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ update the archived C source code of the stage 0 compiler in `stage0/src`.
 The github repository will automatically update stage0 on `master` once
 `src/stdlib_flags.h` and `stage0/src/stdlib_flags.h` are out of sync.
 
-If you have write access to the lean4 repository, you can also also manually
+If you have write access to the lean4 repository, you can also manually
 trigger that process, for example to be able to use new features in the compiler itself.
 You can do that on <https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/actions/workflows/update-stage0.yml>
 or using Github CLI with

doc/dev/debugging.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Some notes on how to debug Lean, which may also be applicable to debugging Lean
 
 ## Tracing
 
-In `CoreM` and derived monads, we use `trace![traceCls] "msg with {interpolations}"` to fill the structured trace viewable with `set_option trace.traceCls true`.
+In `CoreM` and derived monads, we use `trace[traceCls] "msg with {interpolations}"` to fill the structured trace viewable with `set_option trace.traceCls true`.
 New trace classes have to be registered using `registerTraceClass` first.
 
 Notable trace classes:
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ Notable trace classes:
 
 In pure contexts or when execution is aborted before the messages are finally printed, one can instead use the term `dbg_trace "msg with {interpolations}"; val` (`;` can also be replaced by a newline), which will print the message to stderr before evaluating `val`. `dbgTraceVal val` can be used as a shorthand for `dbg_trace "{val}"; val`.
 Note that if the return value is not actually used, the trace code is silently dropped as well.
-In the language server, stderr output is buffered and shown as messages after a command has been elaborated, unless the option `server.stderrAsMessages` is deactivated.
+
+By default, such stderr output is buffered and shown as messages after a command has been elaborated, which is necessary to ensure deterministic ordering of messages under parallelism.
+If Lean aborts the process before it can finish the command or takes too long to do that, using `-DstderrAsMessages=false` avoids this buffering and shows `dbg_trace` output (but not `trace`s or other diagnostics) immediately.
 
 ## Debuggers
 

doc/dev/release_checklist.md

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ See below for the checklist for release candidates.
 
 We'll use `v4.6.0` as the intended release version as a running example.
 
-- One week before the planned release, ensure that (1) someone has written the release notes and (2) someone has written the first draft of the release blog post.
-  If there is any material in `./releases_drafts/`, then the release notes are not done. (See the section "Writing the release notes".)
+- One week before the planned release, ensure that
+  (1) someone has written the release notes and
+  (2) someone has written the first draft of the release blog post.
+  If there is any material in `./releases_drafts/` on the `releases/v4.6.0` branch, then the release notes are not done.
+  (See the section "Writing the release notes".)
 - `git checkout releases/v4.6.0`
   (This branch should already exist, from the release candidates.)
 - `git pull`
@@ -68,6 +71,12 @@ We'll use `v4.6.0` as the intended release version as a running example.
       - Toolchain bump PR including updated Lake manifest
       - Create and push the tag
       - There is no `stable` branch; skip this step
+    - [Verso](https://github.com/leanprover/verso)
+      - Dependencies: exist, but they're not part of the release workflow
+      - The `SubVerso` dependency should be compatible with _every_ Lean release simultaneously, rather than following this workflow
+      - Toolchain bump PR including updated Lake manifest
+      - Create and push the tag
+      - There is no `stable` branch; skip this step
     - [import-graph](https://github.com/leanprover-community/import-graph)
       - Toolchain bump PR including updated Lake manifest
       - Create and push the tag
@@ -144,33 +153,31 @@ We'll use `v4.7.0-rc1` as the intended release version in this example.
   - You can monitor this at `https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/actions/workflows/ci.yml`, looking for the `v4.7.0-rc1` tag.
   - This step can take up to an hour.
 - (GitHub release notes) Once the release appears at https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/releases/
-  - Edit the release notes on Github to select the "Set as a pre-release box".
-  - If release notes have been written already, copy the section of `RELEASES.md` for this version into the Github release notes
-    and use the title "Changes since v4.6.0 (from RELEASES.md)".
-  - Otherwise, in the "previous tag" dropdown, select `v4.6.0`, and click "Generate release notes".
+  - Verify that the release is marked as a prerelease (this should have been done automatically by the CI release job).
+  - In the "previous tag" dropdown, select `v4.6.0`, and click "Generate release notes".
     This will add a list of all the commits since the last stable version.
-    - Delete anything already mentioned in the hand-written release notes above.
     - Delete "update stage0" commits, and anything with a completely inscrutable commit message.
-    - Briefly rearrange the remaining items by category (e.g. `simp`, `lake`, `bug fixes`),
-      but for minor items don't put any work in expanding on commit messages.
-  - (How we want to release notes to look is evolving: please update this section if it looks wrong!)
 - Next, we will move a curated list of downstream repos to the release candidate.
-  - This assumes that there is already a *reviewed* branch `bump/v4.7.0` on each repository
-    containing the required adaptations (or no adaptations are required).
-    The preparation of this branch is beyond the scope of this document.
+  - This assumes that for each repository either:
+    * There is already a *reviewed* branch `bump/v4.7.0` containing the required adaptations.
+      The preparation of this branch is beyond the scope of this document.
+    * The repository does not need any changes to move to the new version.
   - For each of the target repositories:
-    - Checkout the `bump/v4.7.0` branch.
-    - Verify that the `lean-toolchain` is set to the nightly from which the release candidate was created.
-    - `git merge origin/master`
-    - Change the `lean-toolchain` to `leanprover/lean4:v4.7.0-rc1`
-    - In `lakefile.lean`, change any dependencies which were using `nightly-testing` or `bump/v4.7.0` branches
-      back to `master` or `main`, and run `lake update` for those dependencies.
-    - Run `lake build` to ensure that dependencies are found (but it's okay to stop it after a moment).
-    - `git commit`
-    - `git push`
-    - Open a PR from `bump/v4.7.0` to `master`, and either merge it yourself after CI, if appropriate,
-      or notify the maintainers that it is ready to go.
-    - Once this PR has been merged, tag `master` with `v4.7.0-rc1` and push this tag.
+    - If the repository does not need any changes (i.e. `bump/v4.7.0` does not exist) then create
+      a new PR updating `lean-toolchain` to `leanprover/lean4:v4.7.0-rc1` and running `lake update`.
+    - Otherwise:
+      - Checkout the `bump/v4.7.0` branch.
+      - Verify that the `lean-toolchain` is set to the nightly from which the release candidate was created.
+      - `git merge origin/master`
+      - Change the `lean-toolchain` to `leanprover/lean4:v4.7.0-rc1`
+      - In `lakefile.lean`, change any dependencies which were using `nightly-testing` or `bump/v4.7.0` branches
+        back to `master` or `main`, and run `lake update` for those dependencies.
+      - Run `lake build` to ensure that dependencies are found (but it's okay to stop it after a moment).
+      - `git commit`
+      - `git push`
+      - Open a PR from `bump/v4.7.0` to `master`, and either merge it yourself after CI, if appropriate,
+        or notify the maintainers that it is ready to go.
+    - Once the PR has been merged, tag `master` with `v4.7.0-rc1` and push this tag.
   - We do this for the same list of repositories as for stable releases, see above.
     As above, there are dependencies between these, and so the process above is iterative.
     It greatly helps if you can merge the `bump/v4.7.0` PRs yourself!
@@ -187,9 +194,11 @@ We'll use `v4.7.0-rc1` as the intended release version in this example.
   Please also make sure that whoever is handling social media knows the release is out.
 - Begin the next development cycle (i.e. for `v4.8.0`) on the Lean repository, by making a PR that:
   - Updates `src/CMakeLists.txt` to say `set(LEAN_VERSION_MINOR 8)`
+  - Replaces the "release notes will be copied" text in the `v4.6.0` section of `RELEASES.md` with the
+    finalized release notes from the `releases/v4.6.0` branch.
   - Replaces the "development in progress" in the `v4.7.0` section of `RELEASES.md` with
     ```
-    Release candidate, release notes will be copied from `branch releases/v4.7.0` once completed.
+    Release candidate, release notes will be copied from the branch `releases/v4.7.0` once completed.
     ```
     and inserts the following section before that section:
     ```
@@ -198,6 +207,8 @@ We'll use `v4.7.0-rc1` as the intended release version in this example.
     Development in progress.
     ```
   - Removes all the entries from the `./releases_drafts/` folder.
+  - Titled "chore: begin development cycle for v4.8.0"
+
 
 ## Time estimates:
 Slightly longer than the corresponding steps for a stable release.
@@ -222,12 +233,15 @@ Please read https://leanprover-community.github.io/contribute/tags_and_branches.
   * This can either be done by the person managing this process directly,
     or by soliciting assistance from authors of files, or generally helpful people on Zulip!
 * Each repo has a `bump/v4.7.0` which accumulates reviewed changes adapting to new versions.
-* Once `nightly-testing` is working on a given nightly, say `nightly-2024-02-15`, we:
+* Once `nightly-testing` is working on a given nightly, say `nightly-2024-02-15`, we will create a PR to `bump/v4.7.0`.
+* For Mathlib, there is a script in `scripts/create-adaptation-pr.sh` that automates this process.
+* For Batteries and Aesop it is currently manual.
+* For all of these repositories, the process is the same:
   * Make sure `bump/v4.7.0` is up to date with `master` (by merging `master`, no PR necessary)
   * Create from `bump/v4.7.0` a `bump/nightly-2024-02-15` branch.
-  * In that branch, `git merge --squash nightly-testing` to bring across changes from `nightly-testing`.
+  * In that branch, `git merge nightly-testing` to bring across changes from `nightly-testing`.
   * Sanity check changes, commit, and make a PR to `bump/v4.7.0` from the `bump/nightly-2024-02-15` branch.
-  * Solicit review, merge the PR into `bump/v4,7,0`.
+  * Solicit review, merge the PR into `bump/v4.7.0`.
 * It is always okay to merge in the following directions:
   `master` -> `bump/v4.7.0` -> `bump/nightly-2024-02-15` -> `nightly-testing`.
   Please remember to push any merges you make to intermediate steps!
@@ -239,7 +253,7 @@ The exact steps are a work in progress.
 Here is the general idea:
 
 * The work is done right on the `releases/v4.6.0` branch sometime after it is created but before the stable release is made.
-  The release notes for `v4.6.0` will be copied to `master`.
+  The release notes for `v4.6.0` will later be copied to `master` when we begin a new development cycle.
 * There can be material for release notes entries in commit messages.
 * There can also be pre-written entries in `./releases_drafts`, which should be all incorporated in the release notes and then deleted from the branch.
   See `./releases_drafts/README.md` for more information.

doc/examples/ICERM2022/ctor.lean

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def ctor (mvarId : MVarId) (idx : Nat) : MetaM (List MVarId) := do
     else if h : idx - 1 < ctors.length then
       mvarId.apply (.const ctors[idx - 1] us)
     else
-      throwTacticEx `ctor mvarId "invalid index, inductive datatype has only {ctors.length} contructors"
+      throwTacticEx `ctor mvarId "invalid index, inductive datatype has only {ctors.length} constructors"
 
 open Elab Tactic
 

doc/examples/deBruijn.lean

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ We now define the constant folding optimization that traverses a term if replace
 /-!
 The correctness of the `Term.constFold` is proved using induction, case-analysis, and the term simplifier.
 We prove all cases but the one for `plus` using `simp [*]`. This tactic instructs the term simplifier to
-use hypotheses such as `a = b` as rewriting/simplications rules.
+use hypotheses such as `a = b` as rewriting/simplifications rules.
 We use the `split` to break the nested `match` expression in the `plus` case into two cases.
 The local variables `iha` and `ihb` are the induction hypotheses for `a` and `b`.
 The modifier `←` in a term simplifier argument instructs the term simplifier to use the equation as a rewriting rule in

doc/examples/interp.lean

@@ -149,4 +149,4 @@ def fact : Expr ctx (Ty.fn Ty.int Ty.int) :=
            (op (·*·) (delay fun _ => app fact (op (·-·) (var stop) (val 1))) (var stop)))
   decreasing_by sorry
 
-#eval fact.interp Env.nil 10
+#eval! fact.interp Env.nil 10

doc/examples/phoas.lean

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ We now define the constant folding optimization that traverses a term if replace
 /-!
 The correctness of the `constFold` is proved using induction, case-analysis, and the term simplifier.
 We prove all cases but the one for `plus` using `simp [*]`. This tactic instructs the term simplifier to
-use hypotheses such as `a = b` as rewriting/simplications rules.
+use hypotheses such as `a = b` as rewriting/simplifications rules.
 We use the `split` to break the nested `match` expression in the `plus` case into two cases.
 The local variables `iha` and `ihb` are the induction hypotheses for `a` and `b`.
 The modifier `←` in a term simplifier argument instructs the term simplifier to use the equation as a rewriting rule in

doc/examples/tc.lean

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ inductive HasType : Expr → Ty → Prop
 
 /-!
 We can easily show that if `e` has type `t₁` and type `t₂`, then `t₁` and `t₂` must be equal
-by using the the `cases` tactic. This tactic creates a new subgoal for every constructor,
+by using the `cases` tactic. This tactic creates a new subgoal for every constructor,
 and automatically discharges unreachable cases. The tactic combinator `tac₁ <;> tac₂` applies
 `tac₂` to each subgoal produced by `tac₁`. Then, the tactic `rfl` is used to close all produced
 goals using reflexivity.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ theorem Expr.typeCheck_correct (h₁ : HasType e ty) (h₂ : e.typeCheck ≠ .un
 /-!
 Now, we prove that if `Expr.typeCheck e` returns `Maybe.unknown`, then forall `ty`, `HasType e ty` does not hold.
 The notation `e.typeCheck` is sugar for `Expr.typeCheck e`. Lean can infer this because we explicitly said that `e` has type `Expr`.
-The proof is by induction on `e` and case analysis. The tactic `rename_i` is used to to rename "inaccessible" variables.
+The proof is by induction on `e` and case analysis. The tactic `rename_i` is used to rename "inaccessible" variables.
 We say a variable is inaccessible if it is introduced by a tactic (e.g., `cases`) or has been shadowed by another variable introduced
 by the user. Note that the tactic `simp [typeCheck]` is applied to all goal generated by the `induction` tactic, and closes
 the cases corresponding to the constructors `Expr.nat` and `Expr.bool`.

doc/examples/widgets.lean

@@ -4,15 +4,18 @@ open Lean Widget
 /-!
 # The user-widgets system
 
-Proving and programming are inherently interactive tasks. Lots of mathematical objects and data
-structures are visual in nature. *User widgets* let you associate custom interactive UIs with
-sections of a Lean document. User widgets are rendered in the Lean infoview.
+Proving and programming are inherently interactive tasks.
+Lots of mathematical objects and data structures are visual in nature.
+*User widgets* let you associate custom interactive UIs
+with sections of a Lean document.
+User widgets are rendered in the Lean infoview.
 
 ![Rubik's cube](../images/widgets_rubiks.png)
 
 ## Trying it out
 
-To try it out, simply type in the following code and place your cursor over the `#widget` command.
+To try it out, type in the following code and place your cursor over the `#widget` command.
+You can also [view this manual entry in the online editor](https://live.lean-lang.org/#url=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fleanprover%2Flean4%2Fmaster%2Fdoc%2Fexamples%2Fwidgets.lean).
 -/
 
 @[widget_module]
@@ -21,38 +24,37 @@ def helloWidget : Widget.Module where
     import * as React from 'react';
     export default function(props) {
       const name = props.name || 'world'
-      return React.createElement('p', {}, name + '!')
+      return React.createElement('p', {}, 'Hello ' + name + '!')
     }"
 
 #widget helloWidget
 
 /-!
 If you want to dive into a full sample right away, check out
-[`RubiksCube`](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4-samples/blob/main/RubiksCube/).
+[`Rubiks`](https://github.com/leanprover-community/ProofWidgets4/blob/main/ProofWidgets/Demos/Rubiks.lean).
+This sample uses higher-level widget components from the ProofWidgets library.
+
 Below, we'll explain the system piece by piece.
 
 ⚠️ WARNING: All of the user widget APIs are **unstable** and subject to breaking changes.
 
-## Widget sources and instances
+## Widget modules and instances
 
-A *widget source* is a valid JavaScript [ESModule](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules)
-which exports a [React component](https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html). To access
-React, the module must use `import * as React from 'react'`. Our first example of a widget source
-is of course the value of `helloWidget.javascript`.
+A [widget module](https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/Lean/Widget/UserWidget.html#Lean.Widget.Module)
+is a valid JavaScript [ESModule](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules)
+that can execute in the Lean infoview.
+Most widget modules export a [React component](https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html)
+as the piece of user interface to be rendered.
+To access React, the module can use `import * as React from 'react'`.
+Our first example of a widget module is `helloWidget` above.
+Widget modules must be registered with the `@[widget_module]` attribute.
 
-We can register a widget source with the `@[widget]` attribute, giving it a friendlier name
-in the `name` field. This is bundled together in a `UserWidgetDefinition`.
-
-A *widget instance* is then the identifier of a `UserWidgetDefinition` (so `` `helloWidget ``,
-not `"Hello"`) associated with a range of positions in the Lean source code. Widget instances
-are stored in the *infotree* in the same manner as other information about the source file
-such as the type of every expression. In our example, the `#widget` command stores a widget instance
-with the entire line as its range. We can think of a widget instance as an instruction for the
-infoview: "when the user places their cursor here, please render the following widget".
-
-Every widget instance also contains a `props : Json` value. This value is passed as an argument
-to the React component. In our first invocation of `#widget`, we set it to `.null`. Try out what
-happens when you type in:
+A [widget instance](https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/Lean/Widget/Types.html#Lean.Widget.WidgetInstance)
+is then the identifier of a widget module (e.g. `` `helloWidget ``)
+bundled with a value for its props.
+This value is passed as the argument to the React component.
+In our first invocation of `#widget`, we set it to `.null`.
+Try out what happens when you type in:
 -/
 
 structure HelloWidgetProps where
@@ -62,21 +64,37 @@ structure HelloWidgetProps where
 #widget helloWidget with { name? := "<your name here>" : HelloWidgetProps }
 
 /-!
-💡 NOTE: The RPC system presented below does not depend on JavaScript. However the primary use case
-is the web-based infoview in VSCode.
+Under the hood, widget instances are associated with a range of positions in the source file.
+Widget instances are stored in the *infotree*
+in the same manner as other information about the source file
+such as the type of every expression.
+In our example, the `#widget` command stores a widget instance
+with the entire line as its range.
+One can think of the infotree entry as an instruction for the infoview:
+"when the user places their cursor here, please render the following widget".
+-/
 
+/-!
 ## Querying the Lean server
 
-Besides enabling us to create cool client-side visualizations, user widgets come with the ability
-to communicate with the Lean server. Thanks to this, they have the same metaprogramming capabilities
-as custom elaborators or the tactic framework. To see this in action, let's implement a `#check`
-command as a web input form. This example assumes some familiarity with React.
+💡 NOTE: The RPC system presented below does not depend on JavaScript.
+However, the primary use case is the web-based infoview in VSCode.
 
-The first thing we'll need is to create an *RPC method*. Meaning "Remote Procedure Call", this
-is basically a Lean function callable from widget code (possibly remotely over the internet).
+Besides enabling us to create cool client-side visualizations,
+user widgets have the ability to communicate with the Lean server.
+Thanks to this, they have the same metaprogramming capabilities
+as custom elaborators or the tactic framework.
+To see this in action, let's implement a `#check` command as a web input form.
+This example assumes some familiarity with React.
+
+The first thing we'll need is to create an *RPC method*.
+Meaning "Remote Procedure Call",this is a Lean function callable from widget code
+(possibly remotely over the internet).
 Our method will take in the `name : Name` of a constant in the environment and return its type.
-By convention, we represent the input data as a `structure`. Since it will be sent over from JavaScript,
-we need `FromJson` and `ToJson`. We'll see below why the position field is needed.
+By convention, we represent the input data as a `structure`.
+Since it will be sent over from JavaScript,
+we need `FromJson` and `ToJson` instance.
+We'll see why the position field is needed later.
 -/
 
 structure GetTypeParams where
@@ -87,25 +105,33 @@ structure GetTypeParams where
   deriving FromJson, ToJson
 
 /-!
-After its arguments, we define the `getType` method. Every RPC method executes in the `RequestM`
-monad and must return a `RequestTask α` where `α` is its "actual" return type. The `Task` is so
-that requests can be handled concurrently. A first guess for `α` might be `Expr`. However,
-expressions in general can be large objects which depend on an `Environment` and `LocalContext`.
-Thus we cannot directly serialize an `Expr` and send it to the widget. Instead, there are two
-options:
-- One is to send a *reference* which points to an object residing on the server. From JavaScript's
-  point of view, references are entirely opaque, but they can be sent back to other RPC methods for
-  further processing.
-- Two is to pretty-print the expression and send its textual representation called `CodeWithInfos`.
-  This representation contains extra data which the infoview uses for interactivity. We take this
-  strategy here.
+After its argument structure, we define the `getType` method.
+RPCs method execute in the `RequestM` monad and must return a `RequestTask α`
+where `α` is the "actual" return type.
+The `Task` is so that requests can be handled concurrently.
+As a first guess, we'd use `Expr` as `α`.
+However, expressions in general can be large objects
+which depend on an `Environment` and `LocalContext`.
+Thus we cannot directly serialize an `Expr` and send it to JavaScript.
+Instead, there are two options:
 
-RPC methods execute in the context of a file, but not any particular `Environment` so they don't
-know about the available `def`initions and `theorem`s. Thus, we need to pass in a position at which
-we want to use the local `Environment`. This is why we store it in `GetTypeParams`. The `withWaitFindSnapAtPos`
-method launches a concurrent computation whose job is to find such an `Environment` and a bit
-more information for us, in the form of a `snap : Snapshot`. With this in hand, we can call
-`MetaM` procedures to find out the type of `name` and pretty-print it.
+- One is to send a *reference* which points to an object residing on the server.
+  From JavaScript's point of view, references are entirely opaque,
+  but they can be sent back to other RPC methods for further processing.
+- The other is to pretty-print the expression and send its textual representation called `CodeWithInfos`.
+  This representation contains extra data which the infoview uses for interactivity.
+  We take this strategy here.
+
+RPC methods execute in the context of a file,
+but not of any particular `Environment`,
+so they don't know about the available `def`initions and `theorem`s.
+Thus, we need to pass in a position at which we want to use the local `Environment`.
+This is why we store it in `GetTypeParams`.
+The `withWaitFindSnapAtPos` method launches a concurrent computation
+whose job is to find such an `Environment` for us,
+in the form of a `snap : Snapshot`.
+With this in hand, we can call `MetaM` procedures
+to find out the type of `name` and pretty-print it.
 -/
 
 open Server RequestM in
@@ -121,18 +147,22 @@ def getType (params : GetTypeParams) : RequestM (RequestTask CodeWithInfos) :=
 /-!
 ## Using infoview components
 
-Now that we have all we need on the server side, let's write the widget source. By importing
-`@leanprover/infoview`, widgets can render UI components used to implement the infoview itself.
-For example, the `<InteractiveCode>` component displays expressions with `term : type` tooltips
-as seen in the goal view. We will use it to implement our custom `#check` display.
+Now that we have all we need on the server side, let's write the widget module.
+By importing `@leanprover/infoview`, widgets can render UI components used to implement the infoview itself.
+For example, the `<InteractiveCode>` component displays expressions
+with `term : type` tooltips as seen in the goal view.
+We will use it to implement our custom `#check` display.
 
 ⚠️ WARNING: Like the other widget APIs, the infoview JS API is **unstable** and subject to breaking changes.
 
-The code below demonstrates useful parts of the API. To make RPC method calls, we use the `RpcContext`.
-The `useAsync` helper packs the results of a call into an `AsyncState` structure which indicates
-whether the call has resolved successfully, has returned an error, or is still in-flight. Based
-on this we either display an `InteractiveCode` with the type, `mapRpcError` the error in order
-to turn it into a readable message, or show a `Loading..` message, respectively.
+The code below demonstrates useful parts of the API.
+To make RPC method calls, we invoke the `useRpcSession` hook.
+The `useAsync` helper packs the results of an RPC call into an `AsyncState` structure
+which indicates whether the call has resolved successfully,
+has returned an error, or is still in-flight.
+Based on this we either display an `InteractiveCode` component with the result,
+`mapRpcError` the error in order to turn it into a readable message,
+or show a `Loading..` message, respectively.
 -/
 
 @[widget_module]
@@ -140,10 +170,10 @@ def checkWidget : Widget.Module where
   javascript := "
 import * as React from 'react';
 const e = React.createElement;
-import { RpcContext, InteractiveCode, useAsync, mapRpcError } from '@leanprover/infoview';
+import { useRpcSession, InteractiveCode, useAsync, mapRpcError } from '@leanprover/infoview';
 
 export default function(props) {
-  const rs = React.useContext(RpcContext)
+  const rs = useRpcSession()
   const [name, setName] = React.useState('getType')
 
   const st = useAsync(() =>
@@ -159,7 +189,7 @@ export default function(props) {
 "
 
 /-!
-Finally we can try out the widget.
+We can now try out the widget.
 -/
 
 #widget checkWidget
@@ -169,30 +199,31 @@ Finally we can try out the widget.
 
 ## Building widget sources
 
-While typing JavaScript inline is fine for a simple example, for real developments we want to use
-packages from NPM, a proper build system, and JSX. Thus, most actual widget sources are built with
-Lake and NPM. They consist of multiple files and may import libraries which don't work as ESModules
-by default. On the other hand a widget source must be a single, self-contained ESModule in the form
-of a string. Readers familiar with web development may already have guessed that to obtain such a
-string, we need a *bundler*. Two popular choices are [`rollup.js`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/)
-and [`esbuild`](https://esbuild.github.io/). If we go with `rollup.js`, to make a widget work with
-the infoview we need to:
+While typing JavaScript inline is fine for a simple example,
+for real developments we want to use packages from NPM, a proper build system, and JSX.
+Thus, most actual widget sources are built with Lake and NPM.
+They consist of multiple files and may import libraries which don't work as ESModules by default.
+On the other hand a widget module must be a single, self-contained ESModule in the form of a string.
+Readers familiar with web development may already have guessed that to obtain such a string, we need a *bundler*.
+Two popular choices are [`rollup.js`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/)
+and [`esbuild`](https://esbuild.github.io/).
+If we go with `rollup.js`, to make a widget work with the infoview we need to:
 - Set [`output.format`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#outputformat) to `'es'`.
 - [Externalize](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#external) `react`, `react-dom`, `@leanprover/infoview`.
   These libraries are already loaded by the infoview so they should not be bundled.
 
-In the RubiksCube sample, we provide a working `rollup.js` build configuration in
-[rollup.config.js](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4-samples/blob/main/RubiksCube/widget/rollup.config.js).
+ProofWidgets provides a working `rollup.js` build configuration in
+[rollup.config.js](https://github.com/leanprover-community/ProofWidgets4/blob/main/widget/rollup.config.js).
 
 ## Inserting text
 
-We can also instruct the editor to insert text, copy text to the clipboard, or
-reveal a certain location in the document.
-To do this, use the `React.useContext(EditorContext)` React context.
-This will return an `EditorConnection` whose `api` field contains a number of methods to
-interact with the text editor.
+Besides making RPC calls, widgets can instruct the editor to carry out certain actions.
+We can insert text, copy text to the clipboard, or highlight a certain location in the document.
+To do this, use the `EditorContext` React context.
+This will return an `EditorConnection`
+whose `api` field contains a number of methods that interact with the editor.
 
-You can see the full API for this [here](https://github.com/leanprover/vscode-lean4/blob/master/lean4-infoview-api/src/infoviewApi.ts#L52)
+The full API can be viewed [here](https://github.com/leanprover/vscode-lean4/blob/master/lean4-infoview-api/src/infoviewApi.ts#L52).
 -/
 
 @[widget_module]
@@ -212,6 +243,4 @@ export default function(props) {
 }
 "
 
-/-! Finally, we can try this out: -/
-
 #widget insertTextWidget

doc/expressions.md

@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ Every expression in Lean has a natural computational interpretation, unless it i
 
 * *β-reduction* : An expression ``(λ x, t) s`` β-reduces to ``t[s/x]``, that is, the result of replacing ``x`` by ``s`` in ``t``.
 * *ζ-reduction* : An expression ``let x := s in t`` ζ-reduces to ``t[s/x]``.
-* *δ-reduction* : If ``c`` is a defined constant with definition ``t``, then ``c`` δ-reduces to to ``t``.
+* *δ-reduction* : If ``c`` is a defined constant with definition ``t``, then ``c`` δ-reduces to ``t``.
 * *ι-reduction* : When a function defined by recursion on an inductive type is applied to an element given by an explicit constructor, the result ι-reduces to the specified function value, as described in [Inductive Types](inductive.md).
 
 The reduction relation is transitive, which is to say, is ``s`` reduces to ``s'`` and ``t`` reduces to ``t'``, then ``s t`` reduces to ``s' t'``, ``λ x, s`` reduces to ``λ x, s'``, and so on. If ``s`` and ``t`` reduce to a common term, they are said to be *definitionally equal*. Definitional equality is defined to be the smallest equivalence relation that satisfies all these properties and also includes α-equivalence and the following two relations:

doc/flake.lock

@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@
       }
     },
     "flake-utils": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "systems": "systems"
+      },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1656928814,
-        "narHash": "sha256-RIFfgBuKz6Hp89yRr7+NR5tzIAbn52h8vT6vXkYjZoM=",
+        "lastModified": 1710146030,
+        "narHash": "sha256-SZ5L6eA7HJ/nmkzGG7/ISclqe6oZdOZTNoesiInkXPQ=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "7e2a3b3dfd9af950a856d66b0a7d01e3c18aa249",
+        "rev": "b1d9ab70662946ef0850d488da1c9019f3a9752a",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -35,13 +38,12 @@
     "lean": {
       "inputs": {
         "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-        "lean4-mode": "lean4-mode",
-        "nix": "nix",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
+        "nixpkgs-old": "nixpkgs-old"
       },
       "locked": {
         "lastModified": 0,
-        "narHash": "sha256-YnYbmG0oou1Q/GE4JbMNb8/yqUVXBPIvcdQQJHBqtPk=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-saRAtQ6VautVXKDw1XH35qwP0KEBKTKZbg/TRa4N9Vw=",
         "path": "../.",
         "type": "path"
       },
@@ -50,22 +52,6 @@
         "type": "path"
       }
     },
-    "lean4-mode": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1659020985,
-        "narHash": "sha256-+dRaXB7uvN/weSZiKcfSKWhcdJVNg9Vg8k0pJkDNjpc=",
-        "owner": "leanprover",
-        "repo": "lean4-mode",
-        "rev": "37d5c99b7b29c80ab78321edd6773200deb0bca6",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "leanprover",
-        "repo": "lean4-mode",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "leanInk": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
@@ -83,22 +69,6 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "lowdown-src": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1633514407,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Dw32tiMjdK9t3ETl5fzGrutQTzh2rufgZV4A/BbxuD4=",
-        "owner": "kristapsdz",
-        "repo": "lowdown",
-        "rev": "d2c2b44ff6c27b936ec27358a2653caaef8f73b8",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "kristapsdz",
-        "repo": "lowdown",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "mdBook": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
@@ -115,65 +85,13 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "nix": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "lowdown-src": "lowdown-src",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
-        "nixpkgs-regression": "nixpkgs-regression"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1657097207,
-        "narHash": "sha256-SmeGmjWM3fEed3kQjqIAO8VpGmkC2sL1aPE7kKpK650=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nix",
-        "rev": "f6316b49a0c37172bca87ede6ea8144d7d89832f",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1653988320,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ZaqFFsSDipZ6KVqriwM34T739+KLYJvNmCWzErjAg7c=",
+        "lastModified": 1710889954,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Pr6F5Pmd7JnNEMHHmspZ0qVqIBVxyZ13ik1pJtm2QXk=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2fa57ed190fd6c7c746319444f34b5917666e5c1",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-22.05-small",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs-regression": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1643052045,
-        "narHash": "sha256-uGJ0VXIhWKGXxkeNnq4TvV3CIOkUJ3PAoLZ3HMzNVMw=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1657208011,
-        "narHash": "sha256-BlIFwopAykvdy1DYayEkj6ZZdkn+cVgPNX98QVLc0jM=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2770cc0b1e8faa0e20eb2c6aea64c256a706d4f2",
+        "rev": "7872526e9c5332274ea5932a0c3270d6e4724f3b",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -183,6 +101,23 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
+    "nixpkgs-old": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1581379743,
+        "narHash": "sha256-i1XCn9rKuLjvCdu2UeXKzGLF6IuQePQKFt4hEKRU5oc=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "34c7eb7545d155cc5b6f499b23a7cb1c96ab4d59",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixos-19.03",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "alectryon": "alectryon",
@@ -194,6 +129,21 @@
         "leanInk": "leanInk",
         "mdBook": "mdBook"
       }
+    },
+    "systems": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1681028828,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
     }
   },
   "root": "root",

doc/flake.nix

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   };
 
   outputs = inputs@{ self, ... }: inputs.flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
-    with inputs.lean.packages.${system}; with nixpkgs;
+    with inputs.lean.packages.${system}.deprecated; with nixpkgs;
     let
       doc-src = lib.sourceByRegex ../. ["doc.*" "tests(/lean(/beginEndAsMacro.lean)?)?"];
     in {
@@ -44,21 +44,6 @@
           mdbook build -d $out
         '';
       };
-      # We use a separate derivation instead of `checkPhase` so we can push it but not `doc` to the binary cache
-      test = stdenv.mkDerivation {
-        name ="lean-doc-test";
-        src = doc-src;
-        buildInputs = [ lean-mdbook stage1.Lean.lean-package strace ];
-        patchPhase = ''
-          cd doc
-          patchShebangs test
-        '';
-        buildPhase = ''
-          mdbook test
-          touch $out
-        '';
-        dontInstall = true;
-      };
       leanInk = (buildLeanPackage {
         name = "Main";
         src = inputs.leanInk;

doc/int.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Recall that nonnegative numerals are considered to be a `Nat` if there are no ty
 
 The operator `/` for `Int` implements integer division.
 ```lean
-#eval -10 / 4 -- -2
+#eval -10 / 4 -- -3
 ```
 
 Similar to `Nat`, the internal representation of `Int` is optimized. Small integers are

doc/make/index.md

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Requirements
 - C++14 compatible compiler
 - [CMake](http://www.cmake.org)
 - [GMP (GNU multiprecision library)](http://gmplib.org/)
+- [LibUV](https://libuv.org/)
 
 Platform-Specific Setup
 -----------------------
@@ -27,9 +28,9 @@ Setting up a basic parallelized release build:
 git clone https://github.com/leanprover/lean4
 cd lean4
 cmake --preset release
-make -C build/release -j$(nproc)  # see below for macOS
+make -C build/release -j$(nproc || sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
 ```
-You can replace `$(nproc)`, which is not available on macOS and some alternative shells, with the desired parallelism amount.
+You can replace `$(nproc || sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)` with the desired parallelism amount.
 
 The above commands will compile the Lean library and binaries into the
 `stage1` subfolder; see below for details.

doc/make/msys2.md

@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ the stdlib.
 ## Installing dependencies
 
 [The official webpage of MSYS2][msys2] provides one-click installers.
-Once installed, you should run the "MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit shell" from the start menu (the one that runs `mingw64.exe`).
-Do not run "MSYS2 MSYS" instead!
-MSYS2 has a package management system, [pacman][pacman], which is used in Arch Linux.
+Once installed, you should run the "MSYS2 CLANG64" shell from the start menu (the one that runs `clang64.exe`).
+Do not run "MSYS2 MSYS" or "MSYS2 MINGW64" instead!
+MSYS2 has a package management system, [pacman][pacman].
 
 Here are the commands to install all dependencies needed to compile Lean on your machine.
 
 ```bash
-pacman -S make python mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-clang mingw-w64-x86_64-ccache git unzip diffutils binutils
+pacman -S make python mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-clang mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-ccache mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-libuv mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-gmp git unzip diffutils binutils
 ```
 
 You should now be able to run these commands:
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ If you want a version that can run independently of your MSYS install
 then you need to copy the following dependent DLL's from where ever
 they are installed in your MSYS setup:
 
-- libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
-- libstdc++-6.dll
+- libc++.dll
 - libgmp-10.dll
+- libuv-1.dll
 - libwinpthread-1.dll
 
 The following linux command will do that:
@@ -81,6 +81,6 @@ version clang to your path.
 
 **-bash: gcc: command not found**
 
-Make sure `/mingw64/bin` is in your PATH environment.  If it is not then
-check you launched the MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit shell from the start menu.
-(The one that runs `mingw64.exe`).
+Make sure `/clang64/bin` is in your PATH environment.  If it is not then
+check you launched the MSYS2 CLANG64 shell from the start menu.
+(The one that runs `clang64.exe`).

doc/make/osx-10.9.md

@@ -32,15 +32,16 @@ following to use `g++`.
 cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++ ...
 ```
 
-## Required Packages: CMake, GMP
+## Required Packages: CMake, GMP, libuv
 
 ```bash
 brew install cmake
 brew install gmp
+brew install libuv
 ```
 
 ## Recommended Packages: CCache
 
 ```bash
 brew install ccache
-```
+```

doc/make/ubuntu.md

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ follow the [generic build instructions](index.md).
 ## Basic packages
 
 ```bash
-sudo apt-get install git libgmp-dev cmake ccache clang
+sudo apt-get install git libgmp-dev libuv1-dev cmake ccache clang
 ```

doc/monads/laws.lean

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ of data contained in the container resulting in a new container that has the sam
 
 `u <*> pure y = pure (. y) <*> u`.
 
-This law is is a little more complicated, so don't sweat it too much. It states that the order that
+This law is a little more complicated, so don't sweat it too much. It states that the order that
 you wrap things shouldn't matter. One the left, you apply any applicative `u` over a pure wrapped
 object. On the right, you first wrap a function applying the object as an argument. Note that `(·
 y)` is short hand for: `fun f => f y`. Then you apply this to the first applicative `u`. These

doc/quickstart.md

@@ -5,14 +5,19 @@ See [Setup](./setup.md) for supported platforms and other ways to set up Lean 4.
 
 1. Install [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/).
 
-1. Launch VS Code and install the `lean4` extension by clicking on the "Extensions" sidebar entry and searching for "lean4".
+1. Launch VS Code and install the `Lean 4` extension by clicking on the 'Extensions' sidebar entry and searching for 'Lean 4'.
 
-    ![installing the vscode-lean4 extension](images/code-ext.png)
+   ![installing the vscode-lean4 extension](images/code-ext.png)
 
-1. Open the Lean 4 setup guide by creating a new text file using "File > New Text File" (`Ctrl+N`), clicking on the ∀-symbol in the top right and selecting "Documentation… > Setup: Show Setup Guide".
+1. Open the Lean 4 setup guide by creating a new text file using 'File > New Text File' (`Ctrl+N` / `Cmd+N`), clicking on the ∀-symbol in the top right and selecting 'Documentation… > Docs: Show Setup Guide'.
 
-    ![show setup guide](images/show-setup-guide.png)
+   ![show setup guide](images/show-setup-guide.png)
 
-1. Follow the Lean 4 setup guide. It will walk you through learning resources for Lean 4, teach you how to set up Lean's dependencies on your platform, install Lean 4 for you at the click of a button and help you set up your first project.
+1. Follow the Lean 4 setup guide. It will:
 
-    ![setup guide](images/setup_guide.png)
+   - walk you through learning resources for Lean,
+   - teach you how to set up Lean's dependencies on your platform,
+   - install Lean 4 for you at the click of a button,
+   - help you set up your first project.
+
+   ![setup guide](images/setup_guide.png)

flake.lock

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
 {
   "nodes": {
-    "flake-compat": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1673956053,
-        "narHash": "sha256-4gtG9iQuiKITOjNQQeQIpoIB6b16fm+504Ch3sNKLd8=",
-        "owner": "edolstra",
-        "repo": "flake-compat",
-        "rev": "35bb57c0c8d8b62bbfd284272c928ceb64ddbde9",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "edolstra",
-        "repo": "flake-compat",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "flake-utils": {
       "inputs": {
         "systems": "systems"
@@ -34,75 +18,38 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "lean4-mode": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1709737301,
-        "narHash": "sha256-uT9JN2kLNKJK9c/S/WxLjiHmwijq49EgLb+gJUSDpz0=",
-        "owner": "leanprover",
-        "repo": "lean4-mode",
-        "rev": "f1f24c15134dee3754b82c9d9924866fe6bc6b9f",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "leanprover",
-        "repo": "lean4-mode",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "libgit2": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1697646580,
-        "narHash": "sha256-oX4Z3S9WtJlwvj0uH9HlYcWv+x1hqp8mhXl7HsLu2f0=",
-        "owner": "libgit2",
-        "repo": "libgit2",
-        "rev": "45fd9ed7ae1a9b74b957ef4f337bc3c8b3df01b5",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "libgit2",
-        "repo": "libgit2",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nix": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-compat": "flake-compat",
-        "libgit2": "libgit2",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
-        "nixpkgs-regression": "nixpkgs-regression"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1711102798,
-        "narHash": "sha256-CXOIJr8byjolqG7eqCLa+Wfi7rah62VmLoqSXENaZnw=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nix",
-        "rev": "a22328066416650471c3545b0b138669ea212ab4",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1709083642,
-        "narHash": "sha256-7kkJQd4rZ+vFrzWu8sTRtta5D1kBG0LSRYAfhtmMlSo=",
+        "lastModified": 1710889954,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Pr6F5Pmd7JnNEMHHmspZ0qVqIBVxyZ13ik1pJtm2QXk=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "b550fe4b4776908ac2a861124307045f8e717c8e",
+        "rev": "7872526e9c5332274ea5932a0c3270d6e4724f3b",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "release-23.11",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
+    "nixpkgs-cadical": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1722221733,
+        "narHash": "sha256-sga9SrrPb+pQJxG1ttJfMPheZvDOxApFfwXCFO0H9xw=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "12bf09802d77264e441f48e25459c10c93eada2e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "12bf09802d77264e441f48e25459c10c93eada2e",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs-old": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
@@ -120,44 +67,11 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "nixpkgs-regression": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1643052045,
-        "narHash": "sha256-uGJ0VXIhWKGXxkeNnq4TvV3CIOkUJ3PAoLZ3HMzNVMw=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1710889954,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Pr6F5Pmd7JnNEMHHmspZ0qVqIBVxyZ13ik1pJtm2QXk=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "7872526e9c5332274ea5932a0c3270d6e4724f3b",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-        "lean4-mode": "lean4-mode",
-        "nix": "nix",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
+        "nixpkgs-cadical": "nixpkgs-cadical",
         "nixpkgs-old": "nixpkgs-old"
       }
     },

flake.nix

@@ -1,48 +1,36 @@
 {
-  description = "Lean interactive theorem prover";
+  description = "Lean development flake. Not intended for end users.";
 
   inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
   # old nixpkgs used for portable release with older glibc (2.27)
   inputs.nixpkgs-old.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-19.03";
   inputs.nixpkgs-old.flake = false;
+  # for cadical 1.9.5; sync with CMakeLists.txt
+  inputs.nixpkgs-cadical.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/12bf09802d77264e441f48e25459c10c93eada2e";
   inputs.flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
-  inputs.nix.url = "github:NixOS/nix";
-  inputs.lean4-mode = {
-    url = "github:leanprover/lean4-mode";
-    flake = false;
-  };
-  # used *only* by `stage0-from-input` below
-  #inputs.lean-stage0 = {
-  #  url = github:leanprover/lean4;
-  #  inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
-  #  inputs.flake-utils.follows = "flake-utils";
-  #  inputs.nix.follows = "nix";
-  #  inputs.lean4-mode.follows = "lean4-mode";
-  #};
 
-  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, nixpkgs-old, flake-utils, nix, lean4-mode, ... }@inputs: flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
+  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, nixpkgs-old, flake-utils, ... }@inputs: flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
     let
-      pkgs = import nixpkgs {
-        inherit system;
-        # for `vscode-with-extensions`
-        config.allowUnfree = true;
-      };
+      pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
       # An old nixpkgs for creating releases with an old glibc
       pkgsDist-old = import nixpkgs-old { inherit system; };
       # An old nixpkgs for creating releases with an old glibc
       pkgsDist-old-aarch = import nixpkgs-old { localSystem.config = "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"; };
+      pkgsCadical = import inputs.nixpkgs-cadical { inherit system; };
+      cadical = if pkgs.stdenv.isLinux then
+        # use statically-linked cadical on Linux to avoid glibc versioning troubles
+        pkgsCadical.pkgsStatic.cadical.overrideAttrs { doCheck = false; }
+      else pkgsCadical.cadical;
 
-      lean-packages = pkgs.callPackage (./nix/packages.nix) { src = ./.; inherit nix lean4-mode; };
+      lean-packages = pkgs.callPackage (./nix/packages.nix) { src = ./.; };
 
       devShellWithDist = pkgsDist: pkgs.mkShell.override {
           stdenv = pkgs.overrideCC pkgs.stdenv lean-packages.llvmPackages.clang;
         } ({
           buildInputs = with pkgs; [
-            cmake gmp ccache
+            cmake gmp libuv ccache cadical
             lean-packages.llvmPackages.llvm  # llvm-symbolizer for asan/lsan
             gdb
-            # TODO: only add when proven to not affect the flakification
-            #pkgs.python3
             tree  # for CI
           ];
           # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/60919
@@ -51,6 +39,19 @@
           CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE = 1;
         } // pkgs.lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.isLinux {
           GMP = pkgsDist.gmp.override { withStatic = true; };
+          LIBUV = pkgsDist.libuv.overrideAttrs (attrs: {
+            configureFlags = ["--enable-static"];
+            hardeningDisable = [ "stackprotector" ];
+            # Sync version with CMakeLists.txt
+            version = "1.48.0";
+            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
+              owner = "libuv";
+              repo = "libuv";
+              rev = "v1.48.0";
+              sha256 = "100nj16fg8922qg4m2hdjh62zv4p32wyrllsvqr659hdhjc03bsk";
+            };
+            doCheck = false;
+          });
           GLIBC = pkgsDist.glibc;
           GLIBC_DEV = pkgsDist.glibc.dev;
           GCC_LIB = pkgsDist.gcc.cc.lib;
@@ -58,41 +59,15 @@
           GDB = pkgsDist.gdb;
         });
     in {
-      packages = lean-packages // rec {
-        debug = lean-packages.override { debug = true; };
-        stage0debug = lean-packages.override { stage0debug = true; };
-        asan = lean-packages.override { extraCMakeFlags = [ "-DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS=-fsanitize=address" "-DLEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS=-fsanitize=address" "-DSMALL_ALLOCATOR=OFF" "-DSYMBOLIC=OFF" ]; };
-        asandebug = asan.override { debug = true; };
-        tsan = lean-packages.override {
-          extraCMakeFlags = [ "-DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS=-fsanitize=thread" "-DLEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS=-fsanitize=thread" "-DCOMPRESSED_OBJECT_HEADER=OFF" ];
-          stage0 = (lean-packages.override {
-            # Compressed headers currently trigger data race reports in tsan.
-            # Turn them off for stage 0 as well so stage 1 can read its own stdlib.
-            extraCMakeFlags = [ "-DCOMPRESSED_OBJECT_HEADER=OFF" ];
-          }).stage1;
-        };
-        tsandebug = tsan.override { debug = true; };
-        stage0-from-input = lean-packages.override {
-          stage0 = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "lean" ''
-            exec ${inputs.lean-stage0.packages.${system}.lean}/bin/lean -Dinterpreter.prefer_native=false "$@"
-          '';
-        };
-        inherit self;
+      packages = {
+        # to be removed when Nix CI is not needed anymore
+        inherit (lean-packages) cacheRoots test update-stage0-commit ciShell;
+        deprecated = lean-packages;
       };
-      defaultPackage = lean-packages.lean-all;
 
       # The default development shell for working on lean itself
       devShells.default = devShellWithDist pkgs;
       devShells.oldGlibc = devShellWithDist pkgsDist-old;
       devShells.oldGlibcAArch = devShellWithDist pkgsDist-old-aarch;
-
-      checks.lean = lean-packages.test;
-    }) // rec {
-      templates.pkg = {
-        path = ./nix/templates/pkg;
-        description = "A custom Lean package";
-      };
-
-      defaultTemplate = templates.pkg;
-    };
+    });
 }

nix/bootstrap.nix

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 { src, debug ? false, stage0debug ? false, extraCMakeFlags ? [],
-  stdenv, lib, cmake, gmp, git, gnumake, bash, buildLeanPackage, writeShellScriptBin, runCommand, symlinkJoin, lndir, perl, gnused, darwin, llvmPackages, linkFarmFromDrvs,
+  stdenv, lib, cmake, gmp, libuv, cadical, git, gnumake, bash, buildLeanPackage, writeShellScriptBin, runCommand, symlinkJoin, lndir, perl, gnused, darwin, llvmPackages, linkFarmFromDrvs,
   ... } @ args:
 with builtins;
-rec {
+lib.warn "The Nix-based build is deprecated" rec {
   inherit stdenv;
   sourceByRegex = p: rs: lib.sourceByRegex p (map (r: "(/src/)?${r}") rs);
   buildCMake = args: stdenv.mkDerivation ({
     nativeBuildInputs = [ cmake ];
-    buildInputs = [ gmp llvmPackages.llvm ];
+    buildInputs = [ gmp libuv llvmPackages.llvm ];
     # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/60919
     hardeningDisable = [ "all" ];
     dontStrip = (args.debug or debug);
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rec {
     '';
   } // args // {
     src = args.realSrc or (sourceByRegex args.src [ "[a-z].*" "CMakeLists\.txt" ]);
-    cmakeFlags = (args.cmakeFlags or [ "-DSTAGE=1" "-DPREV_STAGE=./faux-prev-stage" "-DUSE_GITHASH=OFF" ]) ++ (args.extraCMakeFlags or extraCMakeFlags) ++ lib.optional (args.debug or debug) [ "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug" ];
+    cmakeFlags = (args.cmakeFlags or [ "-DSTAGE=1" "-DPREV_STAGE=./faux-prev-stage" "-DUSE_GITHASH=OFF" "-DCADICAL=${cadical}/bin/cadical" ]) ++ (args.extraCMakeFlags or extraCMakeFlags) ++ lib.optional (args.debug or debug) [ "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug" ];
     preConfigure = args.preConfigure or "" + ''
       # ignore absence of submodule
       sed -i 's!lake/Lake.lean!!' CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,11 +26,7 @@ rec {
   lean-bin-tools-unwrapped = buildCMake {
     name = "lean-bin-tools";
     outputs = [ "out" "leanc_src" ];
-    realSrc = sourceByRegex (src + "/src") [ "CMakeLists\.txt" "cmake.*" "bin.*" "include.*" ".*\.in" "Leanc\.lean" ];
-    preConfigure = ''
-      touch empty.cpp
-      sed -i 's/add_subdirectory.*//;s/set(LEAN_OBJS.*/set(LEAN_OBJS empty.cpp)/' CMakeLists.txt
-    '';
+    realSrc = sourceByRegex (src + "/src") [ "CMakeLists\.txt" "[a-z].*" ".*\.in" "Leanc\.lean" ];
     dontBuild = true;
     installPhase = ''
       mkdir $out $leanc_src
@@ -45,11 +41,10 @@ rec {
   leancpp = buildCMake {
     name = "leancpp";
     src = src + "/src";
-    buildFlags = [ "leancpp" "leanrt" "leanrt_initial-exec" "shell" ];
+    buildFlags = [ "leancpp" "leanrt" "leanrt_initial-exec" "leanshell" "leanmain" ];
     installPhase = ''
       mkdir -p $out
       mv lib/ $out/
-      mv shell/CMakeFiles/shell.dir/lean.cpp.o $out/lib
       mv runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a $out/lib
     '';
   };
@@ -100,12 +95,13 @@ rec {
       Lean = attachSharedLib leanshared Lean' // { allExternalDeps = [ Std ]; };
       Lake = build {
         name = "Lake";
+        sharedLibName = "Lake_shared";
         src = src + "/src/lake";
         deps = [ Init Lean ];
       };
       Lake-Main = build {
-        name = "Lake.Main";
-        roots = [ "Lake.Main" ];
+        name = "LakeMain";
+        roots = [{ glob = "one"; mod = "LakeMain"; }];
         executableName = "lake";
         deps = [ Lake ];
         linkFlags = lib.optional stdenv.isLinux "-rdynamic";
@@ -122,12 +118,15 @@ rec {
         touch empty.c
         ${stdenv.cc}/bin/cc -shared -o $out/$libName empty.c
       '';
+      leanshared_1 = runCommand "leanshared_1" { buildInputs = [ stdenv.cc ]; libName = "leanshared_1${stdenv.hostPlatform.extensions.sharedLibrary}"; } ''
+        mkdir $out
+        touch empty.c
+        ${stdenv.cc}/bin/cc -shared -o $out/$libName empty.c
+      '';
       leanshared = runCommand "leanshared" { buildInputs = [ stdenv.cc ]; libName = "libleanshared${stdenv.hostPlatform.extensions.sharedLibrary}"; } ''
         mkdir $out
         LEAN_CC=${stdenv.cc}/bin/cc ${lean-bin-tools-unwrapped}/bin/leanc -shared ${lib.optionalString stdenv.isLinux "-Wl,-Bsymbolic"} \
-          ${if stdenv.isDarwin
-            then "-Wl,-force_load,${Init.staticLib}/libInit.a -Wl,-force_load,${Std.staticLib}/libStd.a -Wl,-force_load,${Lean.staticLib}/libLean.a -Wl,-force_load,${leancpp}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a ${leancpp}/lib/libleanrt_initial-exec.a -lc++"
-            else "-Wl,--whole-archive -lInit -lStd -lLean -lleancpp ${leancpp}/lib/libleanrt_initial-exec.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lstdc++"} \
+          -Wl,--whole-archive ${leancpp}/lib/temp/libleanshell.a -lInit -lStd -lLean -lleancpp ${leancpp}/lib/libleanrt_initial-exec.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lstdc++ \
           -lm ${stdlibLinkFlags} \
           $(${llvmPackages.libllvm.dev}/bin/llvm-config --ldflags --libs) \
           -o $out/$libName
@@ -135,18 +134,18 @@ rec {
       mods = foldl' (mods: pkg: mods // pkg.mods) {} stdlib;
       print-paths = Lean.makePrintPathsFor [] mods;
       leanc = writeShellScriptBin "leanc" ''
-        LEAN_CC=${stdenv.cc}/bin/cc ${Leanc.executable}/bin/leanc -I${lean-bin-tools-unwrapped}/include ${stdlibLinkFlags} -L${libInit_shared} -L${leanshared} "$@"
+        LEAN_CC=${stdenv.cc}/bin/cc ${Leanc.executable}/bin/leanc -I${lean-bin-tools-unwrapped}/include ${stdlibLinkFlags} -L${libInit_shared} -L${leanshared_1} -L${leanshared} -L${Lake.sharedLib} "$@"
       '';
       lean = runCommand "lean" { buildInputs = lib.optional stdenv.isDarwin darwin.cctools; } ''
         mkdir -p $out/bin
-        ${leanc}/bin/leanc ${leancpp}/lib/lean.cpp.o ${libInit_shared}/* ${leanshared}/* -o $out/bin/lean
+        ${leanc}/bin/leanc ${leancpp}/lib/temp/libleanmain.a ${libInit_shared}/* ${leanshared_1}/* ${leanshared}/* -o $out/bin/lean
       '';
       # derivation following the directory layout of the "basic" setup, mostly useful for running tests
       lean-all = stdenv.mkDerivation {
         name = "lean-${desc}";
         buildCommand = ''
           mkdir -p $out/bin $out/lib/lean
-          ln -sf ${leancpp}/lib/lean/* ${lib.concatMapStringsSep " " (l: "${l.modRoot}/* ${l.staticLib}/*") (lib.reverseList stdlib)} ${libInit_shared}/* ${leanshared}/* $out/lib/lean/
+          ln -sf ${leancpp}/lib/lean/* ${lib.concatMapStringsSep " " (l: "${l.modRoot}/* ${l.staticLib}/*") (lib.reverseList stdlib)} ${libInit_shared}/* ${leanshared_1}/* ${leanshared}/* ${Lake.sharedLib}/* $out/lib/lean/
           # put everything in a single final derivation so `IO.appDir` references work
           cp ${lean}/bin/lean ${leanc}/bin/leanc ${Lake-Main.executable}/bin/lake $out/bin
           # NOTE: `lndir` will not override existing `bin/leanc`
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ rec {
       test = buildCMake {
         name = "lean-test-${desc}";
         realSrc = lib.sourceByRegex src [ "src.*" "tests.*" ];
-        buildInputs = [ gmp perl git ];
+        buildInputs = [ gmp libuv perl git cadical ];
         preConfigure = ''
           cd src
         '';
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ rec {
           ln -sf ${lean-all}/* .
         '';
         buildPhase = ''
-          ctest --output-junit test-results.xml --output-on-failure -E 'leancomptest_(doc_example|foreign)' -j$NIX_BUILD_CORES
+          ctest --output-junit test-results.xml --output-on-failure -E 'leancomptest_(doc_example|foreign)|leanlaketest_reverse-ffi' -j$NIX_BUILD_CORES
         '';
         installPhase = ''
           mkdir $out
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ rec {
         '';
       };
       update-stage0 =
-        let cTree = symlinkJoin { name = "cs"; paths = map (lib: lib.cTree) stdlib; }; in
+        let cTree = symlinkJoin { name = "cs"; paths = map (lib: lib.cTree) (stdlib ++ [Lake-Main]); }; in
         writeShellScriptBin "update-stage0" ''
           CSRCS=${cTree} CP_C_PARAMS="--dereference --no-preserve=all" ${src + "/script/lib/update-stage0"}
         '';

nix/buildLeanPackage.nix

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 { lean, lean-leanDeps ? lean, lean-final ? lean, leanc,
-  stdenv, lib, coreutils, gnused, writeShellScriptBin, bash, lean-emacs, lean-vscode, nix, substituteAll, symlinkJoin, linkFarmFromDrvs,
+  stdenv, lib, coreutils, gnused, writeShellScriptBin, bash, substituteAll, symlinkJoin, linkFarmFromDrvs,
   runCommand, darwin, mkShell, ... }:
 let lean-final' = lean-final; in
 lib.makeOverridable (
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ lib.makeOverridable (
   pluginDeps ? [],
   # `overrideAttrs` for `buildMod`
   overrideBuildModAttrs ? null,
-  debug ? false, leanFlags ? [], leancFlags ? [], linkFlags ? [], executableName ? lib.toLower name, libName ? name,
+  debug ? false, leanFlags ? [], leancFlags ? [], linkFlags ? [], executableName ? lib.toLower name, libName ? name, sharedLibName ? libName,
   srcTarget ? "..#stage0", srcArgs ? "(\${args[*]})", lean-final ? lean-final' }@args:
 with builtins; let
   # "Init.Core" ~> "Init/Core"
@@ -197,19 +197,6 @@ with builtins; let
              then map (m: m.module) header.imports
              else abort "errors while parsing imports of ${mod}:\n${lib.concatStringsSep "\n" header.errors}";
     in mkMod mod (map (dep: if modDepsMap ? ${dep} then modCandidates.${dep} else externalModMap.${dep}) deps)) modDepsMap;
-  makeEmacsWrapper = name: emacs: lean: writeShellScriptBin name ''
-    ${emacs} --eval "(progn (setq lean4-rootdir \"${lean}\"))" "$@"
-  '';
-  makeVSCodeWrapper = name: lean: writeShellScriptBin name ''
-    PATH=${lean}/bin:$PATH ${lean-vscode}/bin/code "$@"
-  '';
-  printPaths = deps: writeShellScriptBin "print-paths" ''
-    echo '${toJSON {
-      oleanPath = [(depRoot "print-paths" deps)];
-      srcPath = ["."] ++ map (dep: dep.src) allExternalDeps;
-      loadDynlibPaths = map pathOfSharedLib (loadDynlibsOfDeps deps);
-    }}'
-  '';
   expandGlob = g:
     if typeOf g == "string" then [g]
     else if g.glob == "one" then [g.mod]
@@ -246,7 +233,7 @@ in rec {
   cTree     = symlinkJoin { name = "${name}-cTree"; paths = map (mod: mod.c) (attrValues mods); };
   oTree     = symlinkJoin { name = "${name}-oTree"; paths = (attrValues objects); };
   iTree     = symlinkJoin { name = "${name}-iTree"; paths = map (mod: mod.ilean) (attrValues mods); };
-  sharedLib = mkSharedLib "lib${libName}" ''
+  sharedLib = mkSharedLib "lib${sharedLibName}" ''
     ${if stdenv.isDarwin then "-Wl,-force_load,${staticLib}/lib${libName}.a" else "-Wl,--whole-archive ${staticLib}/lib${libName}.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive"} \
     ${lib.concatStringsSep " " (map (d: "${d.sharedLib}/*") deps)}'';
   executable = lib.makeOverridable ({ withSharedStdlib ? true }: let
@@ -257,48 +244,4 @@ in rec {
         -o $out/bin/${executableName} \
         ${lib.concatStringsSep " " allLinkFlags}
     '') {};
-
-  lean-package = writeShellScriptBin "lean" ''
-    LEAN_PATH=${modRoot}:$LEAN_PATH LEAN_SRC_PATH=$LEAN_SRC_PATH:${src} exec ${lean-final}/bin/lean "$@"
-  '';
-  emacs-package = makeEmacsWrapper "emacs-package" lean-package;
-  vscode-package = makeVSCodeWrapper "vscode-package" lean-package;
-
-  link-ilean = writeShellScriptBin "link-ilean" ''
-    dest=''${1:-.}
-    mkdir -p $dest/build/lib
-    ln -sf ${iTree}/* $dest/build/lib
-  '';
-
-  makePrintPathsFor = deps: mods: printPaths deps // mapAttrs (_: mod: makePrintPathsFor (deps ++ [mod]) mods) mods;
-  print-paths = makePrintPathsFor [] (mods' // externalModMap);
-  # `lean` wrapper that dynamically runs Nix for the actual `lean` executable so the same editor can be
-  # used for multiple projects/after upgrading the `lean` input/for editing both stage 1 and the tests
-  lean-bin-dev = substituteAll {
-    name = "lean";
-    dir = "bin";
-    src = ./lean-dev.in;
-    isExecutable = true;
-    srcRoot = fullSrc;  # use root flake.nix in case of Lean repo
-    inherit bash nix srcTarget srcArgs;
-  };
-  lake-dev = substituteAll {
-    name = "lake";
-    dir = "bin";
-    src = ./lake-dev.in;
-    isExecutable = true;
-    srcRoot = fullSrc;  # use root flake.nix in case of Lean repo
-    inherit bash nix srcTarget srcArgs;
-  };
-  lean-dev = symlinkJoin { name = "lean-dev"; paths = [ lean-bin-dev lake-dev ]; };
-  emacs-dev = makeEmacsWrapper "emacs-dev" "${lean-emacs}/bin/emacs" lean-dev;
-  emacs-path-dev = makeEmacsWrapper "emacs-path-dev" "emacs" lean-dev;
-  vscode-dev = makeVSCodeWrapper "vscode-dev" lean-dev;
-
-  devShell = mkShell {
-    buildInputs = [ nix ];
-    shellHook = ''
-      export LEAN_SRC_PATH="${srcPath}"
-    '';
-  };
 })

nix/packages.nix

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-{ src, pkgs, nix, ... } @ args:
+{ src, pkgs, ... } @ args:
 with pkgs;
 let
-  nix-pinned = writeShellScriptBin "nix" ''
-    ${nix.packages.${system}.default}/bin/nix --experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' --extra-substituters https://lean4.cachix.org/ --option warn-dirty false "$@"
-  '';
   # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/130963
   llvmPackages = if stdenv.isDarwin then llvmPackages_11 else llvmPackages_15;
   cc = (ccacheWrapper.override rec {
@@ -42,40 +39,9 @@ let
     inherit (lean) stdenv;
     lean = lean.stage1;
     inherit (lean.stage1) leanc;
-    inherit lean-emacs lean-vscode;
-    nix = nix-pinned;
   }));
-  lean4-mode = emacsPackages.melpaBuild {
-    pname = "lean4-mode";
-    version = "1";
-    commit = "1";
-    src = args.lean4-mode;
-    packageRequires = with pkgs.emacsPackages.melpaPackages; [ dash f flycheck magit-section lsp-mode s ];
-    recipe = pkgs.writeText "recipe" ''
-      (lean4-mode
-       :repo "leanprover/lean4-mode"
-       :fetcher github
-       :files ("*.el" "data"))
-    '';
-  };
-  lean-emacs = emacsWithPackages [ lean4-mode ];
-  # updating might be nicer by building from source from a flake input, but this is good enough for now
-  vscode-lean4 = vscode-utils.extensionFromVscodeMarketplace {
-      name = "lean4";
-      publisher = "leanprover";
-      version = "0.0.63";
-      sha256 = "sha256-kjEex7L0F2P4pMdXi4NIZ1y59ywJVubqDqsoYagZNkI=";
-  };
-  lean-vscode = vscode-with-extensions.override {
-    vscodeExtensions = [ vscode-lean4 ];
-  };
 in {
-  inherit cc lean4-mode buildLeanPackage llvmPackages vscode-lean4;
-  lean = lean.stage1;
-  stage0print-paths = lean.stage1.Lean.print-paths;
-  HEAD-as-stage0 = (lean.stage1.Lean.overrideArgs { srcTarget = "..#stage0-from-input.stage0"; srcArgs = "(--override-input lean-stage0 ..\?rev=$(git rev-parse HEAD) -- -Dinterpreter.prefer_native=false \"$@\")"; });
-  HEAD-as-stage1 = (lean.stage1.Lean.overrideArgs { srcTarget = "..\?rev=$(git rev-parse HEAD)#stage0"; });
-  nix = nix-pinned;
+  inherit cc buildLeanPackage llvmPackages;
   nixpkgs = pkgs;
   ciShell = writeShellScriptBin "ciShell" ''
     set -o pipefail
@@ -83,5 +49,4 @@ in {
     # prefix lines with cumulative and individual execution time
     "$@" |& ts -i "(%.S)]" | ts -s "[%M:%S"
   '';
-  vscode = lean-vscode;
-} // lean.stage1.Lean // lean.stage1 // lean
+} // lean.stage1

releases_drafts/varCtorNameLint.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-A new linter flags situations where a local variable's name is one of
-the argumentless constructors of its type. This can arise when a user either
-doesn't open a namespace or doesn't add a dot or leading qualifier, as
-in the following:
-
-````
-inductive Tree (α : Type) where
-  | leaf
-  | branch (left : Tree α) (val : α) (right : Tree α)
-
-def depth : Tree α → Nat
-  | leaf => 0
-````
-
-With this linter, the `leaf` pattern is highlighted as a local
-variable whose name overlaps with the constructor `Tree.leaf`.
-
-The linter can be disabled with `set_option linter.constructorNameAsVariable false`.
-
-Additionally, the error message that occurs when a name in a pattern that takes arguments isn't valid now suggests similar names that would be valid. This means that the following definition:
-
-```
-def length (list : List α) : Nat :=
-  match list with
-  | nil => 0
-  | cons x xs => length xs + 1
-```
-
-now results in the following warning:
-
-```
-warning: Local variable 'nil' resembles constructor 'List.nil' - write '.nil' (with a dot) or 'List.nil' to use the constructor.
-note: this linter can be disabled with `set_option linter.constructorNameAsVariable false`
-```
-
-and error:
-
-```
-invalid pattern, constructor or constant marked with '[match_pattern]' expected
-
-Suggestion: 'List.cons' is similar
-```
-
-
-#4301

script/lib/update-stage0

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ for f in $(git ls-files src ':!:src/lake/*' ':!:src/Leanc.lean'); do
 done
 
 # special handling for Lake files due to its nested directory
-# copy the README to ensure the `stage0/src/lake` directory is comitted
-for f in $(git ls-files 'src/lake/Lake/*' src/lake/Lake.lean src/lake/README.md ':!:src/lakefile.toml'); do
+# copy the README to ensure the `stage0/src/lake` directory is committed
+for f in $(git ls-files 'src/lake/Lake/*' src/lake/Lake.lean src/lake/LakeMain.lean src/lake/README.md ':!:src/lakefile.toml'); do
     if [[ $f == *.lean ]]; then
         f=${f#src/lake}
         f=${f%.lean}.c

script/prepare-llvm-linux.sh

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ $CP $GLIBC/lib/*crt* llvm/lib/
 $CP $GLIBC/lib/*crt* stage1/lib/
 # runtime
 (cd llvm; $CP --parents lib/clang/*/lib/*/{clang_rt.*.o,libclang_rt.builtins*} ../stage1)
-$CP llvm/lib/*/lib{c++,c++abi,unwind}.* $GMP/lib/libgmp.a stage1/lib/
+$CP llvm/lib/*/lib{c++,c++abi,unwind}.* $GMP/lib/libgmp.a $LIBUV/lib/libuv.a stage1/lib/
 # LLVM 15 appears to ship the dependencies in 'llvm/lib/<target-triple>/' and 'llvm/include/<target-triple>/'
 # but clang-15 that we use to compile is linked against 'llvm/lib/' and 'llvm/include'
 # https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54955
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ $CP llvm-host/lib/*/lib{c++,c++abi,unwind}.* llvm-host/lib/
 $CP -r llvm/include/*-*-* llvm-host/include/
 # glibc: use for linking (so Lean programs don't embed newer symbol versions), but not for running (because libc.so, librt.so, and ld.so must be compatible)!
 $CP $GLIBC/lib/libc_nonshared.a stage1/lib/glibc
+# libpthread_nonshared.a must be linked in order to be able to use `pthread_atfork(3)`. LibUV uses this function.
+$CP $GLIBC/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a stage1/lib/glibc
 for f in $GLIBC/lib/lib{c,dl,m,rt,pthread}-*; do b=$(basename $f); cp $f stage1/lib/glibc/${b%-*}.so; done
 OPTIONS=()
 echo -n " -DLEAN_STANDALONE=ON"
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ fi
 # use `-nostdinc` to make sure headers are not visible by default (in particular, not to `#include_next` in the clang headers),
 # but do not change sysroot so users can still link against system libs
 echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_FLAGS='-nostdinc -isystem ROOT/include/clang' -DLEANC_CC=ROOT/bin/clang"
-echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -L ROOT/lib/glibc ROOT/lib/glibc/libc_nonshared.a -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-Bstatic -lgmp -lunwind -Wl,-Bdynamic -Wl,--no-as-needed -fuse-ld=lld'"
+echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -L ROOT/lib/glibc ROOT/lib/glibc/libc_nonshared.a ROOT/lib/glibc/libpthread_nonshared.a -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-Bstatic -lgmp -lunwind -luv -lpthread -ldl -lrt -Wl,-Bdynamic -Wl,--no-as-needed -fuse-ld=lld'"
 # when not using the above flags, link GMP dynamically/as usual
-echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-Wl,--as-needed -lgmp -Wl,--no-as-needed'"
+echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-Wl,--as-needed -lgmp -luv -lpthread -ldl -lrt -Wl,--no-as-needed'"
 # do not set `LEAN_CC` for tests
 echo -n " -DLEAN_TEST_VARS=''"

script/prepare-llvm-macos.sh

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ set -uxo pipefail
 # use full LLVM release for compiling C++ code, but subset for compiling C code and distribution
 
 GMP=${GMP:-$(brew --prefix)}
+LIBUV=${LIBUV:-$(brew --prefix)}
 
 [[ -d llvm ]] || (mkdir llvm; gtar xf $1 --strip-components 1 --directory llvm)
 [[ -d llvm-host ]] || if [[ "$#" -gt 1 ]]; then
@@ -46,8 +47,9 @@ echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='${EXTRA_FLAGS:-}'"
 if [[ -L llvm-host ]]; then
   echo -n " -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$PWD/stage1/bin/clang"
   gcp $GMP/lib/libgmp.a stage1/lib/
+  gcp $LIBUV/lib/libuv.a stage1/lib/
   echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -L ROOT/lib/libc -fuse-ld=lld'"
-  echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-lgmp'"
+  echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-lgmp -luv'"
 else
   echo -n " -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$PWD/llvm-host/bin/clang -DLEANC_OPTS='--sysroot $PWD/stage1 -resource-dir $PWD/stage1/lib/clang/15.0.1 ${EXTRA_FLAGS:-}'"
   echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -L ROOT/lib/libc -fuse-ld=lld'"

script/prepare-llvm-mingw.sh

@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ cp /clang64/lib/{crtbegin,crtend,crt2,dllcrt2}.o stage1/lib/
 # runtime
 (cd llvm; cp --parents lib/clang/*/lib/*/libclang_rt.builtins* ../stage1)
 # further dependencies
-cp /clang64/lib/lib{m,bcrypt,mingw32,moldname,mingwex,msvcrt,pthread,advapi32,shell32,user32,kernel32,ucrtbase}.* /clang64/lib/libgmp.a llvm/lib/lib{c++,c++abi,unwind}.a stage1/lib/
+cp /clang64/lib/lib{m,bcrypt,mingw32,moldname,mingwex,msvcrt,pthread,advapi32,shell32,user32,kernel32,ucrtbase,psapi,iphlpapi,userenv,ws2_32,dbghelp,ole32}.* /clang64/lib/libgmp.a /clang64/lib/libuv.a llvm/lib/lib{c++,c++abi,unwind}.a stage1/lib/
 echo -n " -DLEAN_STANDALONE=ON"
 echo -n " -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$PWD/stage1/bin/clang.exe -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS=1 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$PWD/llvm/bin/clang++.exe -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS=1 -DLEAN_CXX_STDLIB='-lc++ -lc++abi'"
 echo -n " -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DSTAGE0_CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++"
 echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS='--sysroot $PWD/llvm -idirafter /clang64/include/'"
 echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_FLAGS='--sysroot ROOT -nostdinc -isystem ROOT/include/clang' -DLEANC_CC=ROOT/bin/clang.exe"
-echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic -lgmp -lunwind -Wl,-Bdynamic -fuse-ld=lld'"
+echo -n " -DLEANC_INTERNAL_LINKER_FLAGS='-L ROOT/lib -static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic -lgmp $(pkg-config --static --libs libuv) -lunwind -Wl,-Bdynamic -fuse-ld=lld'"
 # when not using the above flags, link GMP dynamically/as usual
-echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-lgmp -lucrtbase'"
+echo -n " -DLEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS='-lgmp $(pkg-config --libs libuv) -lucrtbase'"
 # do not set `LEAN_CC` for tests
 echo -n " -DAUTO_THREAD_FINALIZATION=OFF -DSTAGE0_AUTO_THREAD_FINALIZATION=OFF"
 echo -n " -DLEAN_TEST_VARS=''"

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0054 NEW)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0110 NEW)
 if(NOT (${CMAKE_GENERATOR} MATCHES "Unix Makefiles"))
   message(FATAL_ERROR "The only supported CMake generator at the moment is 'Unix Makefiles'")
 endif()
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ endif()
 include(ExternalProject)
 project(LEAN CXX C)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_MAJOR 4)
-set(LEAN_VERSION_MINOR 11)
+set(LEAN_VERSION_MINOR 12)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_PATCH 0)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_IS_RELEASE 0)  # This number is 1 in the release revision, and 0 otherwise.
 set(LEAN_SPECIAL_VERSION_DESC "" CACHE STRING "Additional version description like 'nightly-2018-03-11'")
@@ -242,6 +243,60 @@ if("${USE_GMP}" MATCHES "ON")
   endif()
 endif()
 
+# LibUV
+if("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "Emscripten")
+  # Only on WebAssembly we compile LibUV ourselves
+  set(LIBUV_EMSCRIPTEN_FLAGS "${EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS}")
+
+  # LibUV does not compile on WebAssembly without modifications because
+  # building LibUV on a platform requires including stub implementations
+  # for features not present on the target platform. This patch includes
+  # the minimum amount of stub implementations needed for successfully
+  # running Lean on WebAssembly and using LibUV's temporary file support.
+  # It still leaves several symbols completely undefined: uv__fs_event_close,
+  # uv__hrtime, uv__io_check_fd, uv__io_fork, uv__io_poll, uv__platform_invalidate_fd
+  # uv__platform_loop_delete, uv__platform_loop_init. Making additional
+  # LibUV features available on WebAssembly might require adapting the
+  # patch to include additional LibUV source files.
+  set(LIBUV_PATCH_IN "
+diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
+index 5e8e0166..f3b29134 100644
+--- a/CMakeLists.txt
++++ b/CMakeLists.txt
+@@ -317,6 +317,11 @@ if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL \"GNU\")
+        src/unix/hurd.c)
+ endif()
+
++if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL \"Emscripten\")
++  list(APPEND uv_sources
++       src/unix/no-proctitle.c)
++endif()
++
+ if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL \"Linux\")
+   list(APPEND uv_defines _GNU_SOURCE _POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112)
+   list(APPEND uv_libraries dl rt)
+")
+  string(REPLACE "\n" "\\n" LIBUV_PATCH ${LIBUV_PATCH_IN})
+
+  ExternalProject_add(libuv
+    PREFIX libuv
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/libuv/libuv
+    # Sync version with flake.nix
+    GIT_TAG v1.48.0
+    CMAKE_ARGS -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLIBUV_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DLIBUV_BUILD_SHARED=OFF -DCMAKE_AR=${CMAKE_AR} -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE} -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=${LIBUV_EMSCRIPTEN_FLAGS}
+	  PATCH_COMMAND git reset --hard HEAD && printf "${LIBUV_PATCH}" > patch.diff && git apply patch.diff
+    BUILD_IN_SOURCE ON
+    INSTALL_COMMAND "")
+  set(LIBUV_INCLUDE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libuv/src/libuv/include")
+  set(LIBUV_LIBRARIES "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libuv/src/libuv/libuv.a")
+else()
+  find_package(LibUV 1.0.0 REQUIRED)
+endif()
+include_directories(${LIBUV_INCLUDE_DIR})
+if(NOT LEAN_STANDALONE)
+  string(APPEND LEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS " ${LIBUV_LIBRARIES}")
+endif()
+
 # ccache
 if(CCACHE AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER AND NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER)
   find_program(CCACHE_PATH ccache)
@@ -323,7 +378,12 @@ if(NOT LEAN_STANDALONE)
 endif()
 
 # flags for user binaries = flags for toolchain binaries + Lake
-string(APPEND LEANC_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS " ${TOOLCHAIN_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS} -lLake")
+set(LEANC_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS " ${TOOLCHAIN_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS} -lLake")
+if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
+  set(LEANC_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " ${TOOLCHAIN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--as-needed -lLake_shared -Wl,--no-as-needed")
+else()
+  set(LEANC_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " ${TOOLCHAIN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -lLake_shared")
+endif()
 
 if (LLVM)
   string(APPEND LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -L${LLVM_CONFIG_LIBDIR} ${LLVM_CONFIG_LDFLAGS} ${LLVM_CONFIG_LIBS} ${LLVM_CONFIG_SYSTEM_LIBS}")
@@ -368,15 +428,20 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fPIC -ftls-model=initial-exec")
   string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fPIC")
   string(APPEND TOOLCHAIN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath=\\$$ORIGIN/..:\\$$ORIGIN")
+  string(APPEND LAKESHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLake.a.export -Wl,--no-whole-archive")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath=\\\$ORIGIN/../lib:\\\$ORIGIN/../lib/lean")
 elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Darwin")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -ftls-model=initial-exec")
   string(APPEND INIT_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -install_name @rpath/libInit_shared.dylib")
+  string(APPEND LEANSHARED_1_LINKER_FLAGS " -install_name @rpath/libleanshared_1.dylib")
   string(APPEND LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -install_name @rpath/libleanshared.dylib")
+  string(APPEND LAKESHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-force_load,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLake.a.export -install_name @rpath/libLake_shared.dylib")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath,@executable_path/../lib -Wl,-rpath,@executable_path/../lib/lean")
 elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fPIC")
   string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fPIC")
+elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
+  string(APPEND LAKESHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,--out-implib,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libLake_shared.dll.a -Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLake.a.export -Wl,--no-whole-archive")
 endif()
 
 if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
@@ -401,8 +466,8 @@ endif()
 # executable or `leanshared`, plugins would try to look them up at load time (even though they
 # are already loaded) and probably fail unless we set up LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
 if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
-  # import library created by the `leanshared` target
-  string(APPEND LEANC_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -lInit_shared -lleanshared")
+  # import libraries created by the stdlib.make targets
+  string(APPEND LEANC_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -lInit_shared -lleanshared_1 -lleanshared")
 elseif("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "Darwin")
   string(APPEND LEANC_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup")
 endif()
@@ -459,6 +524,22 @@ if(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT AND NOT LEAN_STANDALONE)
   string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " ${CMAKE_CXX_SYSROOT_FLAG}${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
 endif()
 
+add_subdirectory(initialize)
+add_subdirectory(shell)
+# to be included in `leanshared` but not the smaller `leanshared_1` (as it would pull
+# in the world)
+add_library(leaninitialize STATIC $<TARGET_OBJECTS:initialize>)
+set_target_properties(leaninitialize PROPERTIES
+  ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp
+  OUTPUT_NAME leaninitialize)
+add_library(leanshell STATIC util/shell.cpp)
+set_target_properties(leanshell PROPERTIES
+  ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp
+  OUTPUT_NAME leanshell)
+if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
+  string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,--whole-archive -lleanmanifest -Wl,--no-whole-archive")
+endif()
+
 if(${STAGE} GREATER 1)
   # reuse C++ parts, which don't change
   add_library(leanrt_initial-exec STATIC IMPORTED)
@@ -467,13 +548,17 @@ if(${STAGE} GREATER 1)
   add_library(leanrt STATIC IMPORTED)
   set_target_properties(leanrt PROPERTIES
     IMPORTED_LOCATION "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleanrt.a")
+  add_library(leancpp_1 STATIC IMPORTED)
+  set_target_properties(leancpp_1 PROPERTIES
+    IMPORTED_LOCATION "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libleancpp_1.a")
   add_library(leancpp STATIC IMPORTED)
   set_target_properties(leancpp PROPERTIES
     IMPORTED_LOCATION "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a")
   add_custom_target(copy-leancpp
     COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${PREV_STAGE}/runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a"
     COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${PREV_STAGE}/lib/lean/libleanrt.a" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleanrt.a"
-    COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${PREV_STAGE}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a")
+    COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${PREV_STAGE}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a"
+    COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${PREV_STAGE}/lib/temp/libleancpp_1.a" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libleancpp_1.a")
   add_dependencies(leancpp copy-leancpp)
   if(LLVM)
       add_custom_target(copy-lean-h-bc
@@ -482,6 +567,10 @@ if(${STAGE} GREATER 1)
   endif()
 else()
   add_subdirectory(runtime)
+  if("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "Emscripten")
+    add_dependencies(leanrt libuv)
+    add_dependencies(leanrt_initial-exec libuv)
+  endif()
 
   add_subdirectory(util)
   set(LEAN_OBJS ${LEAN_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:util>)
@@ -493,14 +582,23 @@ else()
   set(LEAN_OBJS ${LEAN_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:constructions>)
   add_subdirectory(library/compiler)
   set(LEAN_OBJS ${LEAN_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:compiler>)
-  add_subdirectory(initialize)
-  set(LEAN_OBJS ${LEAN_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:initialize>)
 
-  add_library(leancpp STATIC ${LEAN_OBJS})
+  # leancpp without `initialize` (see `leaninitialize` above)
+  add_library(leancpp_1 STATIC ${LEAN_OBJS})
+  set_target_properties(leancpp_1 PROPERTIES
+    ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp
+    OUTPUT_NAME leancpp_1)
+  add_library(leancpp STATIC ${LEAN_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:initialize>)
   set_target_properties(leancpp PROPERTIES
     OUTPUT_NAME leancpp)
 endif()
 
+if((${STAGE} GREATER 0) AND CADICAL)
+  add_custom_target(copy-cadical
+    COMMAND cmake -E copy_if_different "${CADICAL}" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/cadical${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX}")
+  add_dependencies(leancpp copy-cadical)
+endif()
+
 # MSYS2 bash usually handles Windows paths relatively well, but not when putting them in the PATH
 string(REGEX REPLACE "^([a-zA-Z]):" "/\\1" LEAN_BIN "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
 
@@ -508,25 +606,15 @@ string(REGEX REPLACE "^([a-zA-Z]):" "/\\1" LEAN_BIN "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
 # (also looks nicer in the build log)
 file(RELATIVE_PATH LIB ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
 
-# set up libInit_shared only on Windows; see also stdlib.make.in
-if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
-  set(INIT_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libInit.a.export ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libStd.a.export ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -Wl,--out-implib,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libInit_shared.dll.a")
-endif()
-
-if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Darwin")
-  set(LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-force_load,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libInit.a -Wl,-force_load,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libStd.a -Wl,-force_load,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libLean.a -Wl,-force_load,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleancpp.a ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a ${LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS}")
-elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
-  set(LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLean.a.export -lleancpp -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lInit_shared -Wl,--out-implib,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libleanshared.dll.a")
-else()
-  set(LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,--whole-archive -lInit -lStd -lLean -lleancpp -Wl,--no-whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/runtime/libleanrt_initial-exec.a ${LEANSHARED_LINKER_FLAGS}")
-endif()
-
 if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
   # We do not use dynamic linking via leanshared for Emscripten to keep things
   # simple. (And we are not interested in `Lake` anyway.) To use dynamic
   # linking, we would probably have to set MAIN_MODULE=2 on `leanshared`,
   # SIDE_MODULE=2 on `lean`, and set CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX to ".js".
-  string(APPEND LEAN_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " ${TOOLCHAIN_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS} ${EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS} -lnodefs.js -s EXIT_RUNTIME=1 -s MAIN_MODULE=1 -s LINKABLE=1 -s EXPORT_ALL=1")
+  # We set `ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0` because our build of LibUV does not
+  # define all symbols, see the comment about LibUV on WebAssembly further up
+  # in this file.
+  string(APPEND LEAN_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " ${LIB}/temp/libleanshell.a ${TOOLCHAIN_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS} ${EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS} -lnodefs.js -s EXIT_RUNTIME=1 -s MAIN_MODULE=1 -s LINKABLE=1 -s EXPORT_ALL=1 -s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0")
 endif()
 
 # Build the compiler using the bootstrapped C sources for stage0, and use
@@ -560,8 +648,13 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
   )
   add_custom_target(leanshared ALL
     DEPENDS Init_shared leancpp
+    COMMAND touch ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libleanshared_1${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}
     COMMAND touch ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libleanshared${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}
   )
+  add_custom_target(lake_shared ALL
+    DEPENDS leanshared
+    COMMAND touch ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libLake_shared${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}
+  )
 else()
   add_custom_target(Init_shared ALL
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}
@@ -571,19 +664,29 @@ else()
 
   add_custom_target(leanshared ALL
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}
-    DEPENDS Init_shared leancpp
+    DEPENDS Init_shared leancpp_1 leancpp leanshell leaninitialize
     COMMAND $(MAKE) -f ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stdlib.make leanshared
     VERBATIM)
 
-  string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -lInit_shared -lleanshared")
+  string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -lInit_shared -lleanshared_1 -lleanshared")
 endif()
 
 if(NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
-  add_custom_target(lake ALL
+  add_custom_target(lake_lib ALL
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}
     DEPENDS leanshared
     COMMAND $(MAKE) -f ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stdlib.make Lake
     VERBATIM)
+  add_custom_target(lake_shared ALL
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}
+    DEPENDS lake_lib
+    COMMAND $(MAKE) -f ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stdlib.make libLake_shared
+    VERBATIM)
+  add_custom_target(lake ALL
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}
+    DEPENDS lake_shared
+    COMMAND $(MAKE) -f ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stdlib.make lake
+    VERBATIM)
 endif()
 
 if(PREV_STAGE)
@@ -612,7 +715,9 @@ file(COPY ${LEAN_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/leanmake DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
 
 install(DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/" USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS DESTINATION bin)
 
-add_subdirectory(shell)
+if (${STAGE} GREATER 0 AND CADICAL)
+  install(PROGRAMS "${CADICAL}" DESTINATION bin)
+endif()
 
 add_custom_target(clean-stdlib
   COMMAND rm -rf "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib" || true)

src/Init/ByCases.lean

@@ -37,42 +37,26 @@ theorem apply_ite (f : α → β) (P : Prop) [Decidable P] (x y : α) :
     f (ite P x y) = ite P (f x) (f y) :=
   apply_dite f P (fun _ => x) (fun _ => y)
 
-@[simp] theorem dite_eq_left_iff {P : Prop} [Decidable P] {B : ¬ P → α} :
-    dite P (fun _ => a) B = a ↔ ∀ h, B h = a := by
-  by_cases P <;> simp [*, forall_prop_of_true, forall_prop_of_false]
-
-@[simp] theorem dite_eq_right_iff {P : Prop} [Decidable P] {A : P → α} :
-    (dite P A fun _ => b) = b ↔ ∀ h, A h = b := by
-  by_cases P <;> simp [*, forall_prop_of_true, forall_prop_of_false]
-
-@[simp] theorem ite_eq_left_iff {P : Prop} [Decidable P] : ite P a b = a ↔ ¬P → b = a :=
-  dite_eq_left_iff
-
-@[simp] theorem ite_eq_right_iff {P : Prop} [Decidable P] : ite P a b = b ↔ P → a = b :=
-  dite_eq_right_iff
-
 /-- A `dite` whose results do not actually depend on the condition may be reduced to an `ite`. -/
 @[simp] theorem dite_eq_ite [Decidable P] : (dite P (fun _ => a) fun _ => b) = ite P a b := rfl
 
--- We don't mark this as `simp` as it is already handled by `ite_eq_right_iff`.
+@[deprecated "Use `ite_eq_right_iff`" (since := "2024-09-18")]
 theorem ite_some_none_eq_none [Decidable P] :
     (if P then some x else none) = none ↔ ¬ P := by
-  simp only [ite_eq_right_iff]
+  simp only [ite_eq_right_iff, reduceCtorEq]
   rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem ite_some_none_eq_some [Decidable P] :
+@[deprecated "Use `Option.ite_none_right_eq_some`" (since := "2024-09-18")]
+theorem ite_some_none_eq_some [Decidable P] :
     (if P then some x else none) = some y ↔ P ∧ x = y := by
   split <;> simp_all
 
--- This is not marked as `simp` as it is already handled by `dite_eq_right_iff`.
+@[deprecated "Use `dite_eq_right_iff" (since := "2024-09-18")]
 theorem dite_some_none_eq_none [Decidable P] {x : P → α} :
     (if h : P then some (x h) else none) = none ↔ ¬P := by
-  simp only [dite_eq_right_iff]
-  rfl
+  simp
 
-@[simp] theorem dite_some_none_eq_some [Decidable P] {x : P → α} {y : α} :
+@[deprecated "Use `Option.dite_none_right_eq_some`" (since := "2024-09-18")]
+theorem dite_some_none_eq_some [Decidable P] {x : P → α} {y : α} :
     (if h : P then some (x h) else none) = some y ↔ ∃ h : P, x h = y := by
-  by_cases h : P <;> simp only [h, dite_cond_eq_true, dite_cond_eq_false, Option.some.injEq,
-    false_iff, not_exists]
-  case pos => exact ⟨fun h_eq ↦ Exists.intro h h_eq, fun h_exists => h_exists.2⟩
-  case neg => exact fun h_false _ ↦ h_false
+  by_cases h : P <;> simp [h]

src/Init/Classical.lean

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ noncomputable scoped instance (priority := low) propDecidable (a : Prop) : Decid
 noncomputable def decidableInhabited (a : Prop) : Inhabited (Decidable a) where
   default := inferInstance
 
+instance (a : Prop) : Nonempty (Decidable a) := ⟨propDecidable a⟩
+
 noncomputable def typeDecidableEq (α : Sort u) : DecidableEq α :=
   fun _ _ => inferInstance
 
@@ -121,11 +123,11 @@ theorem propComplete (a : Prop) : a = True ∨ a = False :=
   | Or.inl ha => Or.inl (eq_true ha)
   | Or.inr hn => Or.inr (eq_false hn)
 
--- this supercedes byCases in Decidable
+-- this supersedes byCases in Decidable
 theorem byCases {p q : Prop} (hpq : p → q) (hnpq : ¬p → q) : q :=
   Decidable.byCases (dec := propDecidable _) hpq hnpq
 
--- this supercedes byContradiction in Decidable
+-- this supersedes byContradiction in Decidable
 theorem byContradiction {p : Prop} (h : ¬p → False) : p :=
   Decidable.byContradiction (dec := propDecidable _) h
 
@@ -134,6 +136,30 @@ The left-to-right direction, double negation elimination (DNE),
 is classically true but not constructively. -/
 @[simp] theorem not_not : ¬¬a ↔ a := Decidable.not_not
 
+/-- Transfer decidability of `¬ p` to decidability of `p`. -/
+-- This can not be an instance as it would be tried everywhere.
+def decidable_of_decidable_not (p : Prop) [h : Decidable (¬ p)] : Decidable p :=
+  match h with
+  | isFalse h => isTrue (Classical.not_not.mp h)
+  | isTrue h => isFalse h
+
+attribute [local instance] decidable_of_decidable_not in
+/-- Negation of the condition `P : Prop` in a `dite` is the same as swapping the branches. -/
+@[simp low] protected theorem dite_not [hn : Decidable (¬p)] (x : ¬p → α) (y : ¬¬p → α) :
+    dite (¬p) x y = dite p (fun h => y (not_not_intro h)) x := by
+  cases hn <;> rename_i g
+  · simp [not_not.mp g]
+  · simp [g]
+
+attribute [local instance] decidable_of_decidable_not in
+/-- Negation of the condition `P : Prop` in a `ite` is the same as swapping the branches. -/
+@[simp low] protected theorem ite_not (p : Prop) [Decidable (¬ p)] (x y : α) : ite (¬p) x y = ite p y x :=
+  dite_not (fun _ => x) (fun _ => y)
+
+attribute [local instance] decidable_of_decidable_not in
+@[simp low] protected theorem decide_not (p : Prop) [Decidable (¬ p)] : decide (¬p) = !decide p :=
+  byCases (fun h : p => by simp_all) (fun h => by simp_all)
+
 @[simp low] theorem not_forall {p : α → Prop} : (¬∀ x, p x) ↔ ∃ x, ¬p x := Decidable.not_forall
 
 theorem not_forall_not {p : α → Prop} : (¬∀ x, ¬p x) ↔ ∃ x, p x := Decidable.not_forall_not
@@ -160,7 +186,7 @@ theorem not_iff : ¬(a ↔ b) ↔ (¬a ↔ b) := Decidable.not_iff
 
 @[simp] theorem not_imp : ¬(a → b) ↔ a ∧ ¬b := Decidable.not_imp_iff_and_not
 
-@[simp] theorem imp_and_neg_imp_iff (p q : Prop) : (p → q) ∧ (¬p → q) ↔ q :=
+@[simp] theorem imp_and_neg_imp_iff (p : Prop) {q : Prop} : (p → q) ∧ (¬p → q) ↔ q :=
   Iff.intro (fun (a : _ ∧ _) => (Classical.em p).rec a.left a.right)
             (fun a => And.intro (fun _ => a) (fun _ => a))
 

src/Init/Control/Basic.lean

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Important instances include
 * `Option`, where `failure := none` and `<|>` returns the left-most `some`.
 * Parser combinators typically provide an `Applicative` instance for error-handling and
   backtracking.
-  
+
 Error recovery and state can interact subtly. For example, the implementation of `Alternative` for `OptionT (StateT σ Id)` keeps modifications made to the state while recovering from failure, while `StateT σ (OptionT Id)` discards them.
 -/
 -- NB: List instance is in mathlib. Once upstreamed, add

src/Init/Control/ExceptCps.lean

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ instance : Monad (ExceptCpsT ε m) where
   bind x f := fun _ k₁ k₂ => x _ (fun a => f a _ k₁ k₂) k₂
 
 instance : LawfulMonad (ExceptCpsT σ m) := by
-  refine' { .. } <;> intros <;> rfl
+  refine LawfulMonad.mk' _ ?_ ?_ ?_ <;> intros <;> rfl
 
 instance : MonadExceptOf ε (ExceptCpsT ε m) where
   throw e  := fun _ _ k => k e

src/Init/Control/Lawful/Basic.lean

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ attribute [simp] id_map
 @[simp] theorem id_map' [Functor m] [LawfulFunctor m] (x : m α) : (fun a => a) <$> x = x :=
   id_map x
 
+@[simp] theorem Functor.map_map [Functor f] [LawfulFunctor f] (m : α → β) (g : β → γ) (x : f α) :
+    g <$> m <$> x = (fun a => g (m a)) <$> x :=
+  (comp_map _ _ _).symm
+
 /--
 The `Applicative` typeclass only contains the operations of an applicative functor.
 `LawfulApplicative` further asserts that these operations satisfy the laws of an applicative functor:
@@ -83,12 +87,16 @@ class LawfulMonad (m : Type u → Type v) [Monad m] extends LawfulApplicative m
   seq_assoc x g h := (by simp [← bind_pure_comp, ← bind_map, bind_assoc, pure_bind])
 
 export LawfulMonad (bind_pure_comp bind_map pure_bind bind_assoc)
-attribute [simp] pure_bind bind_assoc
+attribute [simp] pure_bind bind_assoc bind_pure_comp
 
 @[simp] theorem bind_pure [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : m α) : x >>= pure = x := by
   show x >>= (fun a => pure (id a)) = x
   rw [bind_pure_comp, id_map]
 
+/--
+Use `simp [← bind_pure_comp]` rather than `simp [map_eq_pure_bind]`,
+as `bind_pure_comp` is in the default simp set, so also using `map_eq_pure_bind` would cause a loop.
+-/
 theorem map_eq_pure_bind [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → β) (x : m α) : f <$> x = x >>= fun a => pure (f a) := by
   rw [← bind_pure_comp]
 
@@ -109,10 +117,24 @@ theorem seq_eq_bind {α β : Type u} [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (mf : m (α →
 
 theorem seqRight_eq_bind [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : m α) (y : m β) : x *> y = x >>= fun _ => y := by
   rw [seqRight_eq]
-  simp [map_eq_pure_bind, seq_eq_bind_map, const]
+  simp only [map_eq_pure_bind, const, seq_eq_bind_map, bind_assoc, pure_bind, id_eq, bind_pure]
 
 theorem seqLeft_eq_bind [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : m α) (y : m β) : x <* y = x >>= fun a => y >>= fun _ => pure a := by
-  rw [seqLeft_eq]; simp [map_eq_pure_bind, seq_eq_bind_map]
+  rw [seqLeft_eq]
+  simp only [map_eq_pure_bind, seq_eq_bind_map, bind_assoc, pure_bind, const_apply]
+
+@[simp] theorem map_bind [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : β → γ) (x : m α) (g : α → m β) :
+    f <$> (x >>= g) = x >>= fun a => f <$> g a := by
+  rw [← bind_pure_comp, LawfulMonad.bind_assoc]
+  simp [bind_pure_comp]
+
+@[simp] theorem bind_map_left [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → β) (x : m α) (g : β → m γ) :
+    ((f <$> x) >>= fun b => g b) = (x >>= fun a => g (f a)) := by
+  rw [← bind_pure_comp]
+  simp only [bind_assoc, pure_bind]
+
+@[simp] theorem Functor.map_unit [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] {a : m PUnit} : (fun _ => PUnit.unit) <$> a = a := by
+  simp [map]
 
 /--
 An alternative constructor for `LawfulMonad` which has more
@@ -153,7 +175,7 @@ namespace Id
 @[simp] theorem pure_eq (a : α) : (pure a : Id α) = a := rfl
 
 instance : LawfulMonad Id := by
-  refine' { .. } <;> intros <;> rfl
+  refine LawfulMonad.mk' _ ?_ ?_ ?_ <;> intros <;> rfl
 
 end Id
 
@@ -161,9 +183,9 @@ end Id
 
 instance : LawfulMonad Option := LawfulMonad.mk'
   (id_map := fun x => by cases x <;> rfl)
-  (pure_bind := fun x f => rfl)
-  (bind_assoc := fun x f g => by cases x <;> rfl)
-  (bind_pure_comp := fun f x => by cases x <;> rfl)
+  (pure_bind := fun _ _ => rfl)
+  (bind_assoc := fun x _ _ => by cases x <;> rfl)
+  (bind_pure_comp := fun _ x => by cases x <;> rfl)
 
 instance : LawfulApplicative Option := inferInstance
 instance : LawfulFunctor Option := inferInstance

src/Init/Control/Lawful/Instances.lean

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ theorem ext {x y : ExceptT ε m α} (h : x.run = y.run) : x = y := by
 @[simp] theorem run_throw [Monad m] : run (throw e : ExceptT ε m β) = pure (Except.error e) := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem run_bind_lift [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : m α) (f : α → ExceptT ε m β) : run (ExceptT.lift x >>= f : ExceptT ε m β) = x >>= fun a => run (f a) := by
-  simp[ExceptT.run, ExceptT.lift, bind, ExceptT.bind, ExceptT.mk, ExceptT.bindCont, map_eq_pure_bind]
+  simp [ExceptT.run, ExceptT.lift, bind, ExceptT.bind, ExceptT.mk, ExceptT.bindCont]
 
 @[simp] theorem bind_throw [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → ExceptT ε m β) : (throw e >>= f) = throw e := by
   simp [throw, throwThe, MonadExceptOf.throw, bind, ExceptT.bind, ExceptT.bindCont, ExceptT.mk]
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ theorem run_bind [Monad m] (x : ExceptT ε m α)
 
 @[simp] theorem run_map [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → β) (x : ExceptT ε m α)
     : (f <$> x).run = Except.map f <$> x.run := by
-  simp [Functor.map, ExceptT.map, map_eq_pure_bind]
+  simp [Functor.map, ExceptT.map, ←bind_pure_comp]
   apply bind_congr
   intro a; cases a <;> simp [Except.map]
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ protected theorem seqLeft_eq {α β ε : Type u} {m : Type u → Type v} [Monad
   intro
   | Except.error _ => simp
   | Except.ok _ =>
-    simp [map_eq_pure_bind]; apply bind_congr; intro b;
+    simp [←bind_pure_comp]; apply bind_congr; intro b;
     cases b <;> simp [comp, Except.map, const]
 
 protected theorem seqRight_eq [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : ExceptT ε m α) (y : ExceptT ε m β) : x *> y = const α id <$> x <*> y := by
@@ -84,14 +84,19 @@ instance [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] : LawfulMonad (ExceptT ε m) where
   pure_bind      := by intros; apply ext; simp [run_bind]
   bind_assoc     := by intros; apply ext; simp [run_bind]; apply bind_congr; intro a; cases a <;> simp
 
+@[simp] theorem map_throw [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] {α β : Type _} (f : α → β) (e : ε) :
+    f <$> (throw e : ExceptT ε m α) = (throw e : ExceptT ε m β) := by
+  simp only [ExceptT.instMonad, ExceptT.map, ExceptT.mk, throw, throwThe, MonadExceptOf.throw,
+    pure_bind]
+
 end ExceptT
 
 /-! # Except -/
 
 instance : LawfulMonad (Except ε) := LawfulMonad.mk'
   (id_map := fun x => by cases x <;> rfl)
-  (pure_bind := fun a f => rfl)
-  (bind_assoc := fun a f g => by cases a <;> rfl)
+  (pure_bind := fun _ _ => rfl)
+  (bind_assoc := fun a _ _ => by cases a <;> rfl)
 
 instance : LawfulApplicative (Except ε) := inferInstance
 instance : LawfulFunctor (Except ε) := inferInstance
@@ -175,7 +180,7 @@ theorem ext {x y : StateT σ m α} (h : ∀ s, x.run s = y.run s) : x = y :=
   simp [bind, StateT.bind, run]
 
 @[simp] theorem run_map {α β σ : Type u} [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → β) (x : StateT σ m α) (s : σ) : (f <$> x).run s = (fun (p : α × σ) => (f p.1, p.2)) <$> x.run s := by
-  simp [Functor.map, StateT.map, run, map_eq_pure_bind]
+  simp [Functor.map, StateT.map, run, ←bind_pure_comp]
 
 @[simp] theorem run_get [Monad m] (s : σ)    : (get : StateT σ m σ).run s = pure (s, s) := rfl
 
@@ -210,13 +215,13 @@ theorem run_bind_lift {α σ : Type u} [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : m α) (f :
 
 theorem seqRight_eq [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : StateT σ m α) (y : StateT σ m β) : x *> y = const α id <$> x <*> y := by
   apply ext; intro s
-  simp [map_eq_pure_bind, const]
+  simp [←bind_pure_comp, const]
   apply bind_congr; intro p; cases p
   simp [Prod.eta]
 
 theorem seqLeft_eq [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (x : StateT σ m α) (y : StateT σ m β) : x <* y = const β <$> x <*> y := by
   apply ext; intro s
-  simp [map_eq_pure_bind]
+  simp [←bind_pure_comp]
 
 instance [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] : LawfulMonad (StateT σ m) where
   id_map         := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp[Prod.eta]
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ instance [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] : LawfulMonad (StateT σ m) where
   seqLeft_eq     := seqLeft_eq
   seqRight_eq    := seqRight_eq
   pure_seq       := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp
-  bind_pure_comp := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp; apply LawfulMonad.bind_pure_comp
+  bind_pure_comp := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp
   bind_map       := by intros; rfl
   pure_bind      := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp
   bind_assoc     := by intros; apply ext; intros; simp

src/Init/Control/StateCps.lean

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ instance : Monad (StateCpsT σ m) where
   bind x f := fun δ s k => x δ s fun a s => f a δ s k
 
 instance : LawfulMonad (StateCpsT σ m) := by
-  refine' { .. } <;> intros <;> rfl
+  refine LawfulMonad.mk' _ ?_ ?_ ?_ <;> intros <;> rfl
 
 @[always_inline]
 instance : MonadStateOf σ (StateCpsT σ m) where

src/Init/Conv.lean

@@ -97,11 +97,18 @@ Users should prefer `unfold` for unfolding definitions. -/
 syntax (name := delta) "delta" (ppSpace colGt ident)+ : conv
 
 /--
-* `unfold foo` unfolds all occurrences of `foo` in the target.
+* `unfold id` unfolds all occurrences of definition `id` in the target.
 * `unfold id1 id2 ...` is equivalent to `unfold id1; unfold id2; ...`.
-Like the `unfold` tactic, this uses equational lemmas for the chosen definition
-to rewrite the target. For recursive definitions,
-only one layer of unfolding is performed. -/
+
+Definitions can be either global or local definitions.
+
+For non-recursive global definitions, this tactic is identical to `delta`.
+For recursive global definitions, it uses the "unfolding lemma" `id.eq_def`,
+which is generated for each recursive definition, to unfold according to the recursive definition given by the user.
+Only one level of unfolding is performed, in contrast to `simp only [id]`, which unfolds definition `id` recursively.
+
+This is the `conv` version of the `unfold` tactic.
+-/
 syntax (name := unfold) "unfold" (ppSpace colGt ident)+ : conv
 
 /--

src/Init/Core.lean

@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ and `flip (·<·)` is the greater-than relation.
 
 theorem Function.comp_def {α β δ} (f : β → δ) (g : α → β) : f ∘ g = fun x => f (g x) := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem Function.const_comp {f : α → β} {c : γ} :
+    (Function.const β c ∘ f) = Function.const α c := by
+  rfl
+@[simp] theorem Function.comp_const {f : β → γ} {b : β} :
+    (f ∘ Function.const α b) = Function.const α (f b) := by
+  rfl
+@[simp] theorem Function.true_comp {f : α → β} : ((fun _ => true) ∘ f) = fun _ => true := by
+  rfl
+@[simp] theorem Function.false_comp {f : α → β} : ((fun _ => false) ∘ f) = fun _ => false := by
+  rfl
+
 attribute [simp] namedPattern
 
 /--
@@ -154,9 +165,23 @@ inductive PSum (α : Sort u) (β : Sort v) where
 
 @[inherit_doc] infixr:30 " ⊕' " => PSum
 
-instance {α β} [Inhabited α] : Inhabited (PSum α β) := ⟨PSum.inl default⟩
+/--
+`PSum α β` is inhabited if `α` is inhabited.
+This is not an instance to avoid non-canonical instances.
+-/
+@[reducible] def  PSum.inhabitedLeft {α β} [Inhabited α] : Inhabited (PSum α β) := ⟨PSum.inl default⟩
 
-instance {α β} [Inhabited β] : Inhabited (PSum α β) := ⟨PSum.inr default⟩
+/--
+`PSum α β` is inhabited if `β` is inhabited.
+This is not an instance to avoid non-canonical instances.
+-/
+@[reducible] def PSum.inhabitedRight {α β} [Inhabited β] : Inhabited (PSum α β) := ⟨PSum.inr default⟩
+
+instance PSum.nonemptyLeft [h : Nonempty α] : Nonempty (PSum α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h (fun a => ⟨PSum.inl a⟩)
+
+instance PSum.nonemptyRight [h : Nonempty β] : Nonempty (PSum α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h (fun b => ⟨PSum.inr b⟩)
 
 /--
 `Sigma β`, also denoted `Σ a : α, β a` or `(a : α) × β a`, is the type of dependent pairs
@@ -474,6 +499,8 @@ class LawfulSingleton (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [EmptyCollection β] [Insert
   insert_emptyc_eq (x : α) : (insert x ∅ : β) = singleton x
 export LawfulSingleton (insert_emptyc_eq)
 
+attribute [simp] insert_emptyc_eq
+
 /-- Type class used to implement the notation `{ a ∈ c | p a }` -/
 class Sep (α : outParam <| Type u) (γ : Type v) where
   /-- Computes `{ a ∈ c | p a }`. -/
@@ -701,7 +728,7 @@ theorem Ne.elim (h : a ≠ b) : a = b → False := h
 
 theorem Ne.irrefl (h : a ≠ a) : False := h rfl
 
-theorem Ne.symm (h : a ≠ b) : b ≠ a := fun h₁ => h (h₁.symm)
+@[symm] theorem Ne.symm (h : a ≠ b) : b ≠ a := fun h₁ => h (h₁.symm)
 
 theorem ne_comm {α} {a b : α} : a ≠ b ↔ b ≠ a := ⟨Ne.symm, Ne.symm⟩
 
@@ -754,7 +781,7 @@ noncomputable def HEq.elim {α : Sort u} {a : α} {p : α → Sort v} {b : α} (
 theorem HEq.subst {p : (T : Sort u) → T → Prop} (h₁ : HEq a b) (h₂ : p α a) : p β b :=
   HEq.ndrecOn h₁ h₂
 
-theorem HEq.symm (h : HEq a b) : HEq b a :=
+@[symm] theorem HEq.symm (h : HEq a b) : HEq b a :=
   h.rec (HEq.refl a)
 
 theorem heq_of_eq (h : a = a') : HEq a a' :=
@@ -787,15 +814,16 @@ theorem cast_heq {α β : Sort u} : (h : α = β) → (a : α) → HEq (cast h a
 
 variable {a b c d : Prop}
 
-theorem iff_iff_implies_and_implies (a b : Prop) : (a ↔ b) ↔ (a → b) ∧ (b → a) :=
+theorem iff_iff_implies_and_implies {a b : Prop} : (a ↔ b) ↔ (a → b) ∧ (b → a) :=
   Iff.intro (fun h => And.intro h.mp h.mpr) (fun h => Iff.intro h.left h.right)
 
-theorem Iff.refl (a : Prop) : a ↔ a :=
+@[refl] theorem Iff.refl (a : Prop) : a ↔ a :=
   Iff.intro (fun h => h) (fun h => h)
 
 protected theorem Iff.rfl {a : Prop} : a ↔ a :=
   Iff.refl a
 
+-- And, also for backward compatibility, we try `Iff.rfl.` using `exact` (see #5366)
 macro_rules | `(tactic| rfl) => `(tactic| exact Iff.rfl)
 
 theorem Iff.of_eq (h : a = b) : a ↔ b := h ▸ Iff.rfl
@@ -810,15 +838,18 @@ instance : Trans Iff Iff Iff where
 theorem Eq.comm {a b : α} : a = b ↔ b = a := Iff.intro Eq.symm Eq.symm
 theorem eq_comm {a b : α} : a = b ↔ b = a := Eq.comm
 
-theorem Iff.symm (h : a ↔ b) : b ↔ a := Iff.intro h.mpr h.mp
+theorem HEq.comm {a : α} {b : β} : HEq a b ↔ HEq b a := Iff.intro HEq.symm HEq.symm
+theorem heq_comm {a : α} {b : β} : HEq a b ↔ HEq b a := HEq.comm
+
+@[symm] theorem Iff.symm (h : a ↔ b) : b ↔ a := Iff.intro h.mpr h.mp
 theorem Iff.comm: (a ↔ b) ↔ (b ↔ a) := Iff.intro Iff.symm Iff.symm
 theorem iff_comm : (a ↔ b) ↔ (b ↔ a) := Iff.comm
 
-theorem And.symm : a ∧ b → b ∧ a := fun ⟨ha, hb⟩ => ⟨hb, ha⟩
+@[symm] theorem And.symm : a ∧ b → b ∧ a := fun ⟨ha, hb⟩ => ⟨hb, ha⟩
 theorem And.comm : a ∧ b ↔ b ∧ a := Iff.intro And.symm And.symm
 theorem and_comm : a ∧ b ↔ b ∧ a := And.comm
 
-theorem Or.symm : a ∨ b → b ∨ a := .rec .inr .inl
+@[symm] theorem Or.symm : a ∨ b → b ∨ a := .rec .inr .inl
 theorem Or.comm : a ∨ b ↔ b ∨ a := Iff.intro Or.symm Or.symm
 theorem or_comm : a ∨ b ↔ b ∨ a := Or.comm
 
@@ -883,7 +914,7 @@ theorem byContradiction [dec : Decidable p] (h : ¬p → False) : p :=
 theorem of_not_not [Decidable p] : ¬ ¬ p → p :=
   fun hnn => byContradiction (fun hn => absurd hn hnn)
 
-theorem not_and_iff_or_not (p q : Prop) [d₁ : Decidable p] [d₂ : Decidable q] : ¬ (p ∧ q) ↔ ¬ p ∨ ¬ q :=
+theorem not_and_iff_or_not {p q : Prop} [d₁ : Decidable p] [d₂ : Decidable q] : ¬ (p ∧ q) ↔ ¬ p ∨ ¬ q :=
   Iff.intro
     (fun h => match d₁, d₂ with
       | isTrue h₁,  isTrue h₂   => absurd (And.intro h₁ h₂) h
@@ -1089,19 +1120,30 @@ def InvImage {α : Sort u} {β : Sort v} (r : β → β → Prop) (f : α → β
   fun a₁ a₂ => r (f a₁) (f a₂)
 
 /--
-The transitive closure `r⁺` of a relation `r` is the smallest relation which is
-transitive and contains `r`. `r⁺ a z` if and only if there exists a sequence
+The transitive closure `TransGen r` of a relation `r` is the smallest relation which is
+transitive and contains `r`. `TransGen r a z` if and only if there exists a sequence
 `a r b r ... r z` of length at least 1 connecting `a` to `z`.
 -/
-inductive TC {α : Sort u} (r : α → α → Prop) : α → α → Prop where
-  /-- If `r a b` then `r⁺ a b`. This is the base case of the transitive closure. -/
-  | base  : ∀ a b, r a b → TC r a b
+inductive Relation.TransGen {α : Sort u} (r : α → α → Prop) : α → α → Prop
+  /-- If `r a b` then `TransGen r a b`. This is the base case of the transitive closure. -/
+  | single {a b} : r a b → TransGen r a b
   /-- The transitive closure is transitive. -/
-  | trans : ∀ a b c, TC r a b → TC r b c → TC r a c
+  | tail {a b c} : TransGen r a b → r b c → TransGen r a c
+
+/-- Deprecated synonym for `Relation.TransGen`. -/
+@[deprecated Relation.TransGen (since := "2024-07-16")] abbrev TC := @Relation.TransGen
+
+theorem Relation.TransGen.trans {α : Sort u} {r : α → α → Prop} {a b c} :
+    TransGen r a b → TransGen r b c → TransGen r a c := by
+  intro hab hbc
+  induction hbc with
+  | single h => exact TransGen.tail hab h
+  | tail _ h ih => exact TransGen.tail ih h
 
 /-! # Subtype -/
 
 namespace Subtype
+
 theorem existsOfSubtype {α : Type u} {p : α → Prop} : { x // p x } → Exists (fun x => p x)
   | ⟨a, h⟩ => ⟨a, h⟩
 
@@ -1126,12 +1168,20 @@ end Subtype
 section
 variable {α : Type u} {β : Type v}
 
-instance Sum.inhabitedLeft [Inhabited α] : Inhabited (Sum α β) where
+/-- This is not an instance to avoid non-canonical instances. -/
+@[reducible] def Sum.inhabitedLeft [Inhabited α] : Inhabited (Sum α β) where
   default := Sum.inl default
 
-instance Sum.inhabitedRight [Inhabited β] : Inhabited (Sum α β) where
+/-- This is not an instance to avoid non-canonical instances. -/
+@[reducible] def Sum.inhabitedRight [Inhabited β] : Inhabited (Sum α β) where
   default := Sum.inr default
 
+instance Sum.nonemptyLeft [h : Nonempty α] : Nonempty (Sum α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h (fun a => ⟨Sum.inl a⟩)
+
+instance Sum.nonemptyRight [h : Nonempty β] : Nonempty (Sum α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h (fun b => ⟨Sum.inr b⟩)
+
 instance {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [DecidableEq α] [DecidableEq β] : DecidableEq (Sum α β) := fun a b =>
   match a, b with
   | Sum.inl a, Sum.inl b =>
@@ -1147,6 +1197,21 @@ end
 
 /-! # Product -/
 
+instance [h1 : Nonempty α] [h2 : Nonempty β] : Nonempty (α × β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h1 fun x =>
+    Nonempty.elim h2 fun y =>
+      ⟨(x, y)⟩
+
+instance [h1 : Nonempty α] [h2 : Nonempty β] : Nonempty (MProd α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h1 fun x =>
+    Nonempty.elim h2 fun y =>
+      ⟨⟨x, y⟩⟩
+
+instance [h1 : Nonempty α] [h2 : Nonempty β] : Nonempty (PProd α β) :=
+  Nonempty.elim h1 fun x =>
+    Nonempty.elim h2 fun y =>
+      ⟨⟨x, y⟩⟩
+
 instance [Inhabited α] [Inhabited β] : Inhabited (α × β) where
   default := (default, default)
 
@@ -1198,9 +1263,13 @@ def Prod.map {α₁ : Type u₁} {α₂ : Type u₂} {β₁ : Type v₁} {β₂
 
 /-! # Dependent products -/
 
-theorem ex_of_PSigma {α : Type u} {p : α → Prop} : (PSigma (fun x => p x)) → Exists (fun x => p x)
+theorem Exists.of_psigma_prop {α : Sort u} {p : α → Prop} : (PSigma (fun x => p x)) → Exists (fun x => p x)
   | ⟨x, hx⟩ => ⟨x, hx⟩
 
+@[deprecated Exists.of_psigma_prop (since := "2024-07-27")]
+theorem ex_of_PSigma {α : Type u} {p : α → Prop} : (PSigma (fun x => p x)) → Exists (fun x => p x) :=
+  Exists.of_psigma_prop
+
 protected theorem PSigma.eta {α : Sort u} {β : α → Sort v} {a₁ a₂ : α} {b₁ : β a₁} {b₂ : β a₂}
     (h₁ : a₁ = a₂) (h₂ : Eq.ndrec b₁ h₁ = b₂) : PSigma.mk a₁ b₁ = PSigma.mk a₂ b₂ := by
   subst h₁
@@ -1316,6 +1385,7 @@ gen_injective_theorems% Except
 gen_injective_theorems% EStateM.Result
 gen_injective_theorems% Lean.Name
 gen_injective_theorems% Lean.Syntax
+gen_injective_theorems% BitVec
 
 theorem Nat.succ.inj {m n : Nat} : m.succ = n.succ → m = n :=
   fun x => Nat.noConfusion x id
@@ -1323,7 +1393,7 @@ theorem Nat.succ.inj {m n : Nat} : m.succ = n.succ → m = n :=
 theorem Nat.succ.injEq (u v : Nat) : (u.succ = v.succ) = (u = v) :=
   Eq.propIntro Nat.succ.inj (congrArg Nat.succ)
 
-@[simp] theorem beq_iff_eq [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] (a b : α) : a == b ↔ a = b :=
+@[simp] theorem beq_iff_eq [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a b : α} : a == b ↔ a = b :=
   ⟨eq_of_beq, by intro h; subst h; exact LawfulBEq.rfl⟩
 
 /-! # Prop lemmas -/
@@ -1388,7 +1458,7 @@ theorem false_of_true_eq_false  (h : True = False) : False := false_of_true_iff_
 
 theorem true_eq_false_of_false : False → (True = False) := False.elim
 
-theorem iff_def  : (a ↔ b) ↔ (a → b) ∧ (b → a) := iff_iff_implies_and_implies a b
+theorem iff_def  : (a ↔ b) ↔ (a → b) ∧ (b → a) := iff_iff_implies_and_implies
 theorem iff_def' : (a ↔ b) ↔ (b → a) ∧ (a → b) := Iff.trans iff_def And.comm
 
 theorem true_iff_false : (True ↔ False) ↔ False := iff_false_intro (·.mp  True.intro)
@@ -1416,7 +1486,7 @@ theorem imp_true_iff (α : Sort u) : (α → True) ↔ True := iff_true_intro (f
 
 theorem false_imp_iff (a : Prop) : (False → a) ↔ True := iff_true_intro False.elim
 
-theorem true_imp_iff (α : Prop) : (True → α) ↔ α := imp_iff_right True.intro
+theorem true_imp_iff {α : Prop} : (True → α) ↔ α := imp_iff_right True.intro
 
 @[simp high] theorem imp_self : (a → a) ↔ True := iff_true_intro id
 
@@ -1536,13 +1606,13 @@ so you should consider the simpler versions if they apply:
 * `Quot.recOnSubsingleton`, when the target type is a `Subsingleton`
 * `Quot.hrecOn`, which uses `HEq (f a) (f b)` instead of a `sound p ▸ f a = f b` assummption
 -/
-protected abbrev rec
+@[elab_as_elim] protected abbrev rec
     (f : (a : α) → motive (Quot.mk r a))
     (h : (a b : α) → (p : r a b) → Eq.ndrec (f a) (sound p) = f b)
     (q : Quot r) : motive q :=
   Eq.ndrecOn (Quot.liftIndepPr1 f h q) ((lift (Quot.indep f) (Quot.indepCoherent f h) q).2)
 
-@[inherit_doc Quot.rec] protected abbrev recOn
+@[inherit_doc Quot.rec, elab_as_elim] protected abbrev recOn
     (q : Quot r)
     (f : (a : α) → motive (Quot.mk r a))
     (h : (a b : α) → (p : r a b) → Eq.ndrec (f a) (sound p) = f b)
@@ -1553,7 +1623,7 @@ protected abbrev rec
 Dependent induction principle for a quotient, when the target type is a `Subsingleton`.
 In this case the quotient's side condition is trivial so any function can be lifted.
 -/
-protected abbrev recOnSubsingleton
+@[elab_as_elim] protected abbrev recOnSubsingleton
     [h : (a : α) → Subsingleton (motive (Quot.mk r a))]
     (q : Quot r)
     (f : (a : α) → motive (Quot.mk r a))
@@ -1622,7 +1692,7 @@ protected theorem ind {α : Sort u} {s : Setoid α} {motive : Quotient s → Pro
 
 /--
 The analogue of `Quot.liftOn`: if `f : α → β` respects the equivalence relation `≈`,
-then it lifts to a function on `Quotient s` such that `lift (mk a) f h = f a`.
+then it lifts to a function on `Quotient s` such that `liftOn (mk a) f h = f a`.
 -/
 protected abbrev liftOn {α : Sort u} {β : Sort v} {s : Setoid α} (q : Quotient s) (f : α → β) (c : (a b : α) → a ≈ b → f a = f b) : β :=
   Quot.liftOn q f c
@@ -1795,7 +1865,8 @@ section
 variable {α : Type u}
 variable (r : α → α → Prop)
 
-instance {α : Sort u} {s : Setoid α} [d : ∀ (a b : α), Decidable (a ≈ b)] : DecidableEq (Quotient s) :=
+instance Quotient.decidableEq {α : Sort u} {s : Setoid α} [d : ∀ (a b : α), Decidable (a ≈ b)]
+    : DecidableEq (Quotient s) :=
   fun (q₁ q₂ : Quotient s) =>
     Quotient.recOnSubsingleton₂ q₁ q₂
       fun a₁ a₂ =>
@@ -1827,7 +1898,8 @@ theorem funext {α : Sort u} {β : α → Sort v} {f g : (x : α) → β x}
   show extfunApp (Quot.mk eqv f) = extfunApp (Quot.mk eqv g)
   exact congrArg extfunApp (Quot.sound h)
 
-instance {α : Sort u} {β : α → Sort v} [∀ a, Subsingleton (β a)] : Subsingleton (∀ a, β a) where
+instance Pi.instSubsingleton {α : Sort u} {β : α → Sort v} [∀ a, Subsingleton (β a)] :
+    Subsingleton (∀ a, β a) where
   allEq f g := funext fun a => Subsingleton.elim (f a) (g a)
 
 /-! # Squash -/
@@ -1990,7 +2062,7 @@ class IdempotentOp (op : α → α → α) : Prop where
 `LeftIdentify op o` indicates `o` is a left identity of `op`.
 
 This class does not require a proof that `o` is an identity, and
-is used primarily for infering the identity using class resoluton.
+is used primarily for inferring the identity using class resolution.
 -/
 class LeftIdentity (op : α → β → β) (o : outParam α) : Prop
 
@@ -2006,7 +2078,7 @@ class LawfulLeftIdentity (op : α → β → β) (o : outParam α) extends LeftI
 `RightIdentify op o` indicates `o` is a right identity `o` of `op`.
 
 This class does not require a proof that `o` is an identity, and is used
-primarily for infering the identity using class resoluton.
+primarily for inferring the identity using class resolution.
 -/
 class RightIdentity (op : α → β → α) (o : outParam β) : Prop
 
@@ -2022,7 +2094,7 @@ class LawfulRightIdentity (op : α → β → α) (o : outParam β) extends Righ
 `Identity op o` indicates `o` is a left and right identity of `op`.
 
 This class does not require a proof that `o` is an identity, and is used
-primarily for infering the identity using class resoluton.
+primarily for inferring the identity using class resolution.
 -/
 class Identity (op : α → α → α) (o : outParam α) extends LeftIdentity op o, RightIdentity op o : Prop
 

src/Init/Data.lean

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ import Init.Data.Prod
 import Init.Data.AC
 import Init.Data.Queue
 import Init.Data.Channel
-import Init.Data.Cast
 import Init.Data.Sum
 import Init.Data.BEq
+import Init.Data.Subtype
+import Init.Data.ULift
+import Init.Data.PLift
+import Init.Data.Zero
+import Init.Data.NeZero
+import Init.Data.Function

src/Init/Data/AC.lean

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Authors: Dany Fabian
 
 prelude
 import Init.Classical
-import Init.Data.List
+import Init.ByCases
 
 namespace Lean.Data.AC
 inductive Expr
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ theorem Context.evalList_sort (ctx : Context α) (h : ContextInformation.isComm
     simp [ContextInformation.isComm, Option.isSome] at h
     match h₂ : ctx.comm with
     | none =>
-      simp only [h₂] at h
+      simp [h₂] at h
     | some val =>
       simp [h₂] at h
       exact val.down

src/Init/Data/Array.lean

@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ import Init.Data.Array.Attach
 import Init.Data.Array.BasicAux
 import Init.Data.Array.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Array.TakeDrop
+import Init.Data.Array.Bootstrap
+import Init.Data.Array.GetLit

src/Init/Data/Array/Attach.lean

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Authors: Joachim Breitner, Mario Carneiro
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Array.Mem
+import Init.Data.Array.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.List.Attach
 
 namespace Array
@@ -20,10 +21,158 @@ Unsafe implementation of `attachWith`, taking advantage of the fact that the rep
   with the same elements but in the type `{x // P x}`. -/
 @[implemented_by attachWithImpl] def attachWith
     (xs : Array α) (P : α → Prop) (H : ∀ x ∈ xs, P x) : Array {x // P x} :=
-  ⟨xs.data.attachWith P fun x h => H x (Array.Mem.mk h)⟩
+  ⟨xs.toList.attachWith P fun x h => H x (Array.Mem.mk h)⟩
 
 /-- `O(1)`. "Attach" the proof that the elements of `xs` are in `xs` to produce a new array
   with the same elements but in the type `{x // x ∈ xs}`. -/
 @[inline] def attach (xs : Array α) : Array {x // x ∈ xs} := xs.attachWith _ fun _ => id
 
+@[simp] theorem _root_.List.attachWith_toArray {l : List α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ x ∈ l.toArray, P x} :
+    l.toArray.attachWith P H = (l.attachWith P (by simpa using H)).toArray := by
+  simp [attachWith]
+
+@[simp] theorem _root_.List.attach_toArray {l : List α} :
+    l.toArray.attach = (l.attachWith (· ∈ l.toArray) (by simp)).toArray := by
+  simp [attach]
+
+@[simp] theorem toList_attachWith {l : Array α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ x ∈ l, P x} :
+   (l.attachWith P H).toList = l.toList.attachWith P (by simpa [mem_toList] using H) := by
+  simp [attachWith]
+
+@[simp] theorem toList_attach {α : Type _} {l : Array α} :
+    l.attach.toList = l.toList.attachWith (· ∈ l) (by simp [mem_toList]) := by
+  simp [attach]
+
+/-! ## unattach
+
+`Array.unattach` is the (one-sided) inverse of `Array.attach`. It is a synonym for `Array.map Subtype.val`.
+
+We use it by providing a simp lemma `l.attach.unattach = l`, and simp lemmas which recognize higher order
+functions applied to `l : Array { x // p x }` which only depend on the value, not the predicate, and rewrite these
+in terms of a simpler function applied to `l.unattach`.
+
+Further, we provide simp lemmas that push `unattach` inwards.
+-/
+
+/--
+A synonym for `l.map (·.val)`. Mostly this should not be needed by users.
+It is introduced as in intermediate step by lemmas such as `map_subtype`,
+and is ideally subsequently simplified away by `unattach_attach`.
+
+If not, usually the right approach is `simp [Array.unattach, -Array.map_subtype]` to unfold.
+-/
+def unattach {α : Type _} {p : α → Prop} (l : Array { x // p x }) := l.map (·.val)
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_nil {p : α → Prop} : (#[] : Array { x // p x }).unattach = #[] := rfl
+@[simp] theorem unattach_push {p : α → Prop} {a : { x // p x }} {l : Array { x // p x }} :
+    (l.push a).unattach = l.unattach.push a.1 := by
+  simp only [unattach, Array.map_push]
+
+@[simp] theorem size_unattach {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }} :
+    l.unattach.size = l.size := by
+  unfold unattach
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem _root_.List.unattach_toArray {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }} :
+    l.toArray.unattach = l.unattach.toArray := by
+  simp only [unattach, List.map_toArray, List.unattach]
+
+@[simp] theorem toList_unattach {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }} :
+    l.unattach.toList = l.toList.unattach := by
+  simp only [unattach, toList_map, List.unattach]
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_attach {l : Array α} : l.attach.unattach = l := by
+  cases l
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_attachWith {p : α → Prop} {l : Array α}
+    {H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a} :
+    (l.attachWith p H).unattach = l := by
+  cases l
+  simp
+
+/-! ### Recognizing higher order functions using a function that only depends on the value. -/
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies folds over arrays of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+theorem foldl_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : β → { x // p x } → β} {g : β → α → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ b x h, f b ⟨x, h⟩ = g b x} :
+    l.foldl f x = l.unattach.foldl g x := by
+  cases l
+  simp only [List.foldl_toArray', List.unattach_toArray]
+  rw [List.foldl_subtype] -- Why can't simp do this?
+  simp [hf]
+
+/-- Variant of `foldl_subtype` with side condition to check `stop = l.size`. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldl_subtype' {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : β → { x // p x } → β} {g : β → α → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ b x h, f b ⟨x, h⟩ = g b x} (h : stop = l.size) :
+    l.foldl f x 0 stop = l.unattach.foldl g x := by
+  subst h
+  rwa [foldl_subtype]
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies folds over arrays of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+theorem foldr_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → β → β} {g : α → β → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ x h b, f ⟨x, h⟩ b = g x b} :
+    l.foldr f x = l.unattach.foldr g x := by
+  cases l
+  simp only [List.foldr_toArray', List.unattach_toArray]
+  rw [List.foldr_subtype]
+  simp [hf]
+
+/-- Variant of `foldr_subtype` with side condition to check `stop = l.size`. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldr_subtype' {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → β → β} {g : α → β → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ x h b, f ⟨x, h⟩ b = g x b} (h : start = l.size) :
+    l.foldr f x start 0 = l.unattach.foldr g x := by
+  subst h
+  rwa [foldr_subtype]
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies maps over arrays of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+@[simp] theorem map_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → β} {g : α → β} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    l.map f = l.unattach.map g := by
+  cases l
+  simp only [List.map_toArray, List.unattach_toArray]
+  rw [List.map_subtype]
+  simp [hf]
+
+@[simp] theorem filterMap_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → Option β} {g : α → Option β} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    l.filterMap f = l.unattach.filterMap g := by
+  cases l
+  simp only [size_toArray, List.filterMap_toArray', List.unattach_toArray, List.length_unattach,
+    mk.injEq]
+  rw [List.filterMap_subtype]
+  simp [hf]
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_filter {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → Bool} {g : α → Bool} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    (l.filter f).unattach = l.unattach.filter g := by
+  cases l
+  simp [hf]
+
+/-! ### Simp lemmas pushing `unattach` inwards. -/
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_reverse {p : α → Prop} {l : Array { x // p x }} :
+    l.reverse.unattach = l.unattach.reverse := by
+  cases l
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_append {p : α → Prop} {l₁ l₂ : Array { x // p x }} :
+    (l₁ ++ l₂).unattach = l₁.unattach ++ l₂.unattach := by
+  cases l₁
+  cases l₂
+  simp
+
 end Array

src/Init/Data/Array/Basic.lean

@@ -7,48 +7,89 @@ prelude
 import Init.WFTactics
 import Init.Data.Nat.Basic
 import Init.Data.Fin.Basic
-import Init.Data.UInt.Basic
+import Init.Data.UInt.BasicAux
 import Init.Data.Repr
 import Init.Data.ToString.Basic
 import Init.GetElem
+import Init.Data.List.ToArray
 universe u v w
 
-namespace Array
+/-! ### Array literal syntax -/
+
+syntax "#[" withoutPosition(sepBy(term, ", ")) "]" : term
+
+macro_rules
+  | `(#[ $elems,* ]) => `(List.toArray [ $elems,* ])
+
 variable {α : Type u}
 
-@[extern "lean_mk_array"]
-def mkArray {α : Type u} (n : Nat) (v : α) : Array α := {
-  data := List.replicate n v
-}
+namespace Array
 
-/--
-`ofFn f` with `f : Fin n → α` returns the list whose ith element is `f i`.
-```
-ofFn f = #[f 0, f 1, ... , f(n - 1)]
-``` -/
-def ofFn {n} (f : Fin n → α) : Array α := go 0 (mkEmpty n) where
-  /-- Auxiliary for `ofFn`. `ofFn.go f i acc = acc ++ #[f i, ..., f(n - 1)]` -/
-  go (i : Nat) (acc : Array α) : Array α :=
-    if h : i < n then go (i+1) (acc.push (f ⟨i, h⟩)) else acc
-termination_by n - i
-decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+/-! ### Preliminary theorems -/
 
-/-- The array `#[0, 1, ..., n - 1]`. -/
-def range (n : Nat) : Array Nat :=
-  n.fold (flip Array.push) (mkEmpty n)
+@[simp] theorem size_set (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) (v : α) : (set a i v).size = a.size :=
+  List.length_set ..
 
-@[simp] theorem size_mkArray (n : Nat) (v : α) : (mkArray n v).size = n :=
-  List.length_replicate ..
+@[simp] theorem size_push (a : Array α) (v : α) : (push a v).size = a.size + 1 :=
+  List.length_concat ..
 
-instance : EmptyCollection (Array α) := ⟨Array.empty⟩
-instance : Inhabited (Array α) where
-  default := Array.empty
+theorem ext (a b : Array α)
+    (h₁ : a.size = b.size)
+    (h₂ : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < a.size) → (hi₂ : i < b.size) → a[i] = b[i])
+    : a = b := by
+  let rec extAux (a b : List α)
+      (h₁ : a.length = b.length)
+      (h₂ : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < a.length) → (hi₂ : i < b.length) → a.get ⟨i, hi₁⟩ = b.get ⟨i, hi₂⟩)
+      : a = b := by
+    induction a generalizing b with
+    | nil =>
+      cases b with
+      | nil       => rfl
+      | cons b bs => rw [List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
+    | cons a as ih =>
+      cases b with
+      | nil => rw [List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
+      | cons b bs =>
+        have hz₁ : 0 < (a::as).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.zero_lt_succ
+        have hz₂ : 0 < (b::bs).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.zero_lt_succ
+        have headEq : a = b := h₂ 0 hz₁ hz₂
+        have h₁' : as.length = bs.length := by rw [List.length_cons, List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
+        have h₂' : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < as.length) → (hi₂ : i < bs.length) → as.get ⟨i, hi₁⟩ = bs.get ⟨i, hi₂⟩ := by
+          intro i hi₁ hi₂
+          have hi₁' : i+1 < (a::as).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.succ_lt_succ; assumption
+          have hi₂' : i+1 < (b::bs).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.succ_lt_succ; assumption
+          have : (a::as).get ⟨i+1, hi₁'⟩ = (b::bs).get ⟨i+1, hi₂'⟩ := h₂ (i+1) hi₁' hi₂'
+          apply this
+        have tailEq : as = bs := ih bs h₁' h₂'
+        rw [headEq, tailEq]
+  cases a; cases b
+  apply congrArg
+  apply extAux
+  assumption
+  assumption
 
-@[simp] def isEmpty (a : Array α) : Bool :=
-  a.size = 0
+theorem ext' {as bs : Array α} (h : as.toList = bs.toList) : as = bs := by
+  cases as; cases bs; simp at h; rw [h]
 
-def singleton (v : α) : Array α :=
-  mkArray 1 v
+@[simp] theorem toArrayAux_eq (as : List α) (acc : Array α) : (as.toArrayAux acc).toList = acc.toList ++ as := by
+  induction as generalizing acc <;> simp [*, List.toArrayAux, Array.push, List.append_assoc, List.concat_eq_append]
+
+@[simp] theorem toList_toArray (as : List α) : as.toArray.toList = as := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem size_toArray (as : List α) : as.toArray.size = as.length := by simp [size]
+
+@[deprecated toList_toArray (since := "2024-09-09")] abbrev data_toArray := @toList_toArray
+
+@[deprecated Array.toList (since := "2024-09-10")] abbrev Array.data := @Array.toList
+
+/-! ### Externs -/
+
+/-- Low-level version of `size` that directly queries the C array object cached size.
+    While this is not provable, `usize` always returns the exact size of the array since
+    the implementation only supports arrays of size less than `USize.size`.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_array_size", simp]
+def usize (a : @& Array α) : USize := a.size.toUSize
 
 /-- Low-level version of `fget` which is as fast as a C array read.
    `Fin` values are represented as tag pointers in the Lean runtime. Thus,
@@ -57,29 +98,6 @@ def singleton (v : α) : Array α :=
 def uget (a : @& Array α) (i : USize) (h : i.toNat < a.size) : α :=
   a[i.toNat]
 
-instance : GetElem (Array α) USize α fun xs i => i.toNat < xs.size where
-  getElem xs i h := xs.uget i h
-
-def back [Inhabited α] (a : Array α) : α :=
-  a.get! (a.size - 1)
-
-def get? (a : Array α) (i : Nat) : Option α :=
-  if h : i < a.size then some a[i] else none
-
-def back? (a : Array α) : Option α :=
-  a.get? (a.size - 1)
-
--- auxiliary declaration used in the equation compiler when pattern matching array literals.
-abbrev getLit {α : Type u} {n : Nat} (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (h₁ : a.size = n) (h₂ : i < n) : α :=
-  have := h₁.symm ▸ h₂
-  a[i]
-
-@[simp] theorem size_set (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) (v : α) : (set a i v).size = a.size :=
-  List.length_set ..
-
-@[simp] theorem size_push (a : Array α) (v : α) : (push a v).size = a.size + 1 :=
-  List.length_concat ..
-
 /-- Low-level version of `fset` which is as fast as a C array fset.
    `Fin` values are represented as tag pointers in the Lean runtime. Thus,
    `fset` may be slightly slower than `uset`. -/
@@ -87,6 +105,19 @@ abbrev getLit {α : Type u} {n : Nat} (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (h₁ : a.size =
 def uset (a : Array α) (i : USize) (v : α) (h : i.toNat < a.size) : Array α :=
   a.set ⟨i.toNat, h⟩ v
 
+@[extern "lean_array_pop"]
+def pop (a : Array α) : Array α where
+  toList := a.toList.dropLast
+
+@[simp] theorem size_pop (a : Array α) : a.pop.size = a.size - 1 := by
+  match a with
+  | ⟨[]⟩ => rfl
+  | ⟨a::as⟩ => simp [pop, Nat.succ_sub_succ_eq_sub, size]
+
+@[extern "lean_mk_array"]
+def mkArray {α : Type u} (n : Nat) (v : α) : Array α where
+  toList := List.replicate n v
+
 /--
 Swaps two entries in an array.
 
@@ -100,8 +131,12 @@ def swap (a : Array α) (i j : @& Fin a.size) : Array α :=
   let a'  := a.set i v₂
   a'.set (size_set a i v₂ ▸ j) v₁
 
+@[simp] theorem size_swap (a : Array α) (i j : Fin a.size) : (a.swap i j).size = a.size := by
+  show ((a.set i (a.get j)).set (size_set a i _ ▸ j) (a.get i)).size = a.size
+  rw [size_set, size_set]
+
 /--
-Swaps two entries in an array, or panics if either index is out of bounds.
+Swaps two entries in an array, or returns the array unchanged if either index is out of bounds.
 
 This will perform the update destructively provided that `a` has a reference
 count of 1 when called.
@@ -113,6 +148,64 @@ def swap! (a : Array α) (i j : @& Nat) : Array α :=
   else a
   else a
 
+/-! ### GetElem instance for `USize`, backed by `uget` -/
+
+instance : GetElem (Array α) USize α fun xs i => i.toNat < xs.size where
+  getElem xs i h := xs.uget i h
+
+/-! ### Definitions -/
+
+instance : EmptyCollection (Array α) := ⟨Array.empty⟩
+instance : Inhabited (Array α) where
+  default := Array.empty
+
+@[simp] def isEmpty (a : Array α) : Bool :=
+  a.size = 0
+
+@[specialize]
+def isEqvAux (a b : Array α) (hsz : a.size = b.size) (p : α → α → Bool) :
+    ∀ (i : Nat) (_ : i ≤ a.size), Bool
+  | 0, _ => true
+  | i+1, h =>
+    p a[i] (b[i]'(hsz ▸ h)) && isEqvAux a b hsz p i (Nat.le_trans (Nat.le_add_right i 1) h)
+
+@[inline] def isEqv (a b : Array α) (p : α → α → Bool) : Bool :=
+  if h : a.size = b.size then
+    isEqvAux a b h p a.size (Nat.le_refl a.size)
+  else
+    false
+
+instance [BEq α] : BEq (Array α) :=
+  ⟨fun a b => isEqv a b BEq.beq⟩
+
+/--
+`ofFn f` with `f : Fin n → α` returns the list whose ith element is `f i`.
+```
+ofFn f = #[f 0, f 1, ... , f(n - 1)]
+``` -/
+def ofFn {n} (f : Fin n → α) : Array α := go 0 (mkEmpty n) where
+  /-- Auxiliary for `ofFn`. `ofFn.go f i acc = acc ++ #[f i, ..., f(n - 1)]` -/
+  @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+  go (i : Nat) (acc : Array α) : Array α :=
+    if h : i < n then go (i+1) (acc.push (f ⟨i, h⟩)) else acc
+  decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+
+/-- The array `#[0, 1, ..., n - 1]`. -/
+def range (n : Nat) : Array Nat :=
+  n.fold (flip Array.push) (mkEmpty n)
+
+def singleton (v : α) : Array α :=
+  mkArray 1 v
+
+def back [Inhabited α] (a : Array α) : α :=
+  a.get! (a.size - 1)
+
+def get? (a : Array α) (i : Nat) : Option α :=
+  if h : i < a.size then some a[i] else none
+
+def back? (a : Array α) : Option α :=
+  a.get? (a.size - 1)
+
 @[inline] def swapAt (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) (v : α) : α × Array α :=
   let e := a.get i
   let a := a.set i v
@@ -123,14 +216,9 @@ def swapAt! (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (v : α) : α × Array α :=
   if h : i < a.size then
     swapAt a ⟨i, h⟩ v
   else
-    have : Inhabited α := ⟨v⟩
+    have : Inhabited (α × Array α) := ⟨(v, a)⟩
     panic! ("index " ++ toString i ++ " out of bounds")
 
-@[extern "lean_array_pop"]
-def pop (a : Array α) : Array α := {
-  data := a.data.dropLast
-}
-
 def shrink (a : Array α) (n : Nat) : Array α :=
   let rec loop
     | 0,   a => a
@@ -174,7 +262,7 @@ def modifyOp (self : Array α) (idx : Nat) (f : α → α) : Array α :=
 
   This kind of low level trick can be removed with a little bit of compiler support. For example, if the compiler simplifies `as.size < usizeSz` to true. -/
 @[inline] unsafe def forInUnsafe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (as : Array α) (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) : m β :=
-  let sz := USize.ofNat as.size
+  let sz := as.usize
   let rec @[specialize] loop (i : USize) (b : β) : m β := do
     if i < sz then
       let a := as.uget i lcProof
@@ -280,7 +368,7 @@ def foldrM {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (f : α
 /-- See comment at `forInUnsafe` -/
 @[inline]
 unsafe def mapMUnsafe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (f : α → m β) (as : Array α) : m (Array β) :=
-  let sz := USize.ofNat as.size
+  let sz := as.usize
   let rec @[specialize] map (i : USize) (r : Array NonScalar) : m (Array PNonScalar.{v}) := do
     if i < sz then
      let v    := r.uget i lcProof
@@ -299,12 +387,12 @@ unsafe def mapMUnsafe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad
 def mapM {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (f : α → m β) (as : Array α) : m (Array β) :=
   -- Note: we cannot use `foldlM` here for the reference implementation because this calls
   -- `bind` and `pure` too many times. (We are not assuming `m` is a `LawfulMonad`)
-  let rec map (i : Nat) (r : Array β) : m (Array β) := do
-    if hlt : i < as.size then
-      map (i+1) (r.push (← f as[i]))
-    else
-      pure r
-  termination_by as.size - i
+  let rec @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+    map (i : Nat) (r : Array β) : m (Array β) := do
+      if hlt : i < as.size then
+        map (i+1) (r.push (← f as[i]))
+      else
+        pure r
   decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
   map 0 (mkEmpty as.size)
 
@@ -368,7 +456,8 @@ unsafe def anyMUnsafe {α : Type u} {m : Type → Type w} [Monad m] (p : α →
 @[implemented_by anyMUnsafe]
 def anyM {α : Type u} {m : Type → Type w} [Monad m] (p : α → m Bool) (as : Array α) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : m Bool :=
   let any (stop : Nat) (h : stop ≤ as.size) :=
-    let rec loop (j : Nat) : m Bool := do
+    let rec @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+    loop (j : Nat) : m Bool := do
       if hlt : j < stop then
         have : j < as.size := Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le hlt h
         if (← p as[j]) then
@@ -377,7 +466,6 @@ def anyM {α : Type u} {m : Type → Type w} [Monad m] (p : α → m Bool) (as :
           loop (j+1)
       else
         pure false
-      termination_by stop - j
       decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
     loop start
   if h : stop ≤ as.size then
@@ -459,16 +547,28 @@ def findRev? {α : Type} (as : Array α) (p : α → Bool) : Option α :=
 
 @[inline]
 def findIdx? {α : Type u} (as : Array α) (p : α → Bool) : Option Nat :=
-  let rec loop (j : Nat) :=
+  let rec @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+  loop (j : Nat) :=
     if h : j < as.size then
       if p as[j] then some j else loop (j + 1)
     else none
-    termination_by as.size - j
     decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
   loop 0
 
 def getIdx? [BEq α] (a : Array α) (v : α) : Option Nat :=
-a.findIdx? fun a => a == v
+  a.findIdx? fun a => a == v
+
+@[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+def indexOfAux [BEq α] (a : Array α) (v : α) (i : Nat) : Option (Fin a.size) :=
+  if h : i < a.size then
+    let idx : Fin a.size := ⟨i, h⟩;
+    if a.get idx == v then some idx
+    else indexOfAux a v (i+1)
+  else none
+decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+
+def indexOf? [BEq α] (a : Array α) (v : α) : Option (Fin a.size) :=
+  indexOfAux a v 0
 
 @[inline]
 def any (as : Array α) (p : α → Bool) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : Bool :=
@@ -484,18 +584,11 @@ def contains [BEq α] (as : Array α) (a : α) : Bool :=
 def elem [BEq α] (a : α) (as : Array α) : Bool :=
   as.contains a
 
-@[inline] def getEvenElems (as : Array α) : Array α :=
-  (·.2) <| as.foldl (init := (true, Array.empty)) fun (even, r) a =>
-    if even then
-      (false, r.push a)
-    else
-      (true, r)
-
 /-- Convert a `Array α` into an `List α`. This is O(n) in the size of the array.  -/
--- This function is exported to C, where it is called by `Array.data`
+-- This function is exported to C, where it is called by `Array.toList`
 -- (the projection) to implement this functionality.
-@[export lean_array_to_list]
-def toList (as : Array α) : List α :=
+@[export lean_array_to_list_impl]
+def toListImpl (as : Array α) : List α :=
   as.foldr List.cons []
 
 /-- Prepends an `Array α` onto the front of a list.  Equivalent to `as.toList ++ l`. -/
@@ -503,17 +596,6 @@ def toList (as : Array α) : List α :=
 def toListAppend (as : Array α) (l : List α) : List α :=
   as.foldr List.cons l
 
-instance {α : Type u} [Repr α] : Repr (Array α) where
-  reprPrec a _ :=
-    let _ : Std.ToFormat α := ⟨repr⟩
-    if a.size == 0 then
-      "#[]"
-    else
-      Std.Format.bracketFill "#[" (Std.Format.joinSep (toList a) ("," ++ Std.Format.line)) "]"
-
-instance [ToString α] : ToString (Array α) where
-  toString a := "#" ++ toString a.toList
-
 protected def append (as : Array α) (bs : Array α) : Array α :=
   bs.foldl (init := as) fun r v => r.push v
 
@@ -525,58 +607,31 @@ protected def appendList (as : Array α) (bs : List α) : Array α :=
 instance : HAppend (Array α) (List α) (Array α) := ⟨Array.appendList⟩
 
 @[inline]
-def concatMapM [Monad m] (f : α → m (Array β)) (as : Array α) : m (Array β) :=
+def flatMapM [Monad m] (f : α → m (Array β)) (as : Array α) : m (Array β) :=
   as.foldlM (init := empty) fun bs a => do return bs ++ (← f a)
 
+@[deprecated concatMapM (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev concatMapM := @flatMapM
+
 @[inline]
-def concatMap (f : α → Array β) (as : Array α) : Array β :=
+def flatMap (f : α → Array β) (as : Array α) : Array β :=
   as.foldl (init := empty) fun bs a => bs ++ f a
 
+@[deprecated flatMap (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev concatMap := @flatMap
+
 /-- Joins array of array into a single array.
 
 `flatten #[#[a₁, a₂, ⋯], #[b₁, b₂, ⋯], ⋯]` = `#[a₁, a₂, ⋯, b₁, b₂, ⋯]`
 -/
-def flatten (as : Array (Array α)) : Array α :=
+@[inline] def flatten (as : Array (Array α)) : Array α :=
   as.foldl (init := empty) fun r a => r ++ a
 
-end Array
-
-export Array (mkArray)
-
-syntax "#[" withoutPosition(sepBy(term, ", ")) "]" : term
-
-macro_rules
-  | `(#[ $elems,* ]) => `(List.toArray [ $elems,* ])
-
-namespace Array
-
--- TODO(Leo): cleanup
-@[specialize]
-def isEqvAux (a b : Array α) (hsz : a.size = b.size) (p : α → α → Bool) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
-  if h : i < a.size then
-     have : i < b.size := hsz ▸ h
-     p a[i] b[i] && isEqvAux a b hsz p (i+1)
-  else
-    true
-termination_by a.size - i
-decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
-
-@[inline] def isEqv (a b : Array α) (p : α → α → Bool) : Bool :=
-  if h : a.size = b.size then
-    isEqvAux a b h p 0
-  else
-    false
-
-instance [BEq α] : BEq (Array α) :=
-  ⟨fun a b => isEqv a b BEq.beq⟩
-
 @[inline]
 def filter (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : Array α :=
   as.foldl (init := #[]) (start := start) (stop := stop) fun r a =>
     if p a then r.push a else r
 
 @[inline]
-def filterM [Monad m] (p : α → m Bool) (as : Array α) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : m (Array α) :=
+def filterM {α : Type} [Monad m] (p : α → m Bool) (as : Array α) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : m (Array α) :=
   as.foldlM (init := #[]) (start := start) (stop := stop) fun r a => do
     if (← p a) then return r.push a else return r
 
@@ -611,93 +666,25 @@ def partition (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α × Array α := Id.run
       cs := cs.push a
   return (bs, cs)
 
-theorem ext (a b : Array α)
-    (h₁ : a.size = b.size)
-    (h₂ : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < a.size) → (hi₂ : i < b.size) → a[i] = b[i])
-    : a = b := by
-  let rec extAux (a b : List α)
-      (h₁ : a.length = b.length)
-      (h₂ : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < a.length) → (hi₂ : i < b.length) → a.get ⟨i, hi₁⟩ = b.get ⟨i, hi₂⟩)
-      : a = b := by
-    induction a generalizing b with
-    | nil =>
-      cases b with
-      | nil       => rfl
-      | cons b bs => rw [List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
-    | cons a as ih =>
-      cases b with
-      | nil => rw [List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
-      | cons b bs =>
-        have hz₁ : 0 < (a::as).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.zero_lt_succ
-        have hz₂ : 0 < (b::bs).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.zero_lt_succ
-        have headEq : a = b := h₂ 0 hz₁ hz₂
-        have h₁' : as.length = bs.length := by rw [List.length_cons, List.length_cons] at h₁; injection h₁
-        have h₂' : (i : Nat) → (hi₁ : i < as.length) → (hi₂ : i < bs.length) → as.get ⟨i, hi₁⟩ = bs.get ⟨i, hi₂⟩ := by
-          intro i hi₁ hi₂
-          have hi₁' : i+1 < (a::as).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.succ_lt_succ; assumption
-          have hi₂' : i+1 < (b::bs).length := by rw [List.length_cons]; apply Nat.succ_lt_succ; assumption
-          have : (a::as).get ⟨i+1, hi₁'⟩ = (b::bs).get ⟨i+1, hi₂'⟩ := h₂ (i+1) hi₁' hi₂'
-          apply this
-        have tailEq : as = bs := ih bs h₁' h₂'
-        rw [headEq, tailEq]
-  cases a; cases b
-  apply congrArg
-  apply extAux
-  assumption
-  assumption
-
-theorem extLit {n : Nat}
-    (a b : Array α)
-    (hsz₁ : a.size = n) (hsz₂ : b.size = n)
-    (h : (i : Nat) → (hi : i < n) → a.getLit i hsz₁ hi = b.getLit i hsz₂ hi) : a = b :=
-  Array.ext a b (hsz₁.trans hsz₂.symm) fun i hi₁ _ => h i (hsz₁ ▸ hi₁)
-
-end Array
-
--- CLEANUP the following code
-namespace Array
-
-def indexOfAux [BEq α] (a : Array α) (v : α) (i : Nat) : Option (Fin a.size) :=
-  if h : i < a.size then
-    let idx : Fin a.size := ⟨i, h⟩;
-    if a.get idx == v then some idx
-    else indexOfAux a v (i+1)
-  else none
-termination_by a.size - i
-decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
-
-def indexOf? [BEq α] (a : Array α) (v : α) : Option (Fin a.size) :=
-  indexOfAux a v 0
-
-@[simp] theorem size_swap (a : Array α) (i j : Fin a.size) : (a.swap i j).size = a.size := by
-  show ((a.set i (a.get j)).set (size_set a i _ ▸ j) (a.get i)).size = a.size
-  rw [size_set, size_set]
-
-@[simp] theorem size_pop (a : Array α) : a.pop.size = a.size - 1 := by
-  match a with
-  | ⟨[]⟩ => rfl
-  | ⟨a::as⟩ => simp [pop, Nat.succ_sub_succ_eq_sub, size]
-
-theorem reverse.termination {i j : Nat} (h : i < j) : j - 1 - (i + 1) < j - i := by
-  rw [Nat.sub_sub, Nat.add_comm]
-  exact Nat.lt_of_le_of_lt (Nat.pred_le _) (Nat.sub_succ_lt_self _ _ h)
-
 def reverse (as : Array α) : Array α :=
   if h : as.size ≤ 1 then
     as
   else
     loop as 0 ⟨as.size - 1, Nat.pred_lt (mt (fun h : as.size = 0 => h ▸ by decide) h)⟩
 where
+  termination {i j : Nat} (h : i < j) : j - 1 - (i + 1) < j - i := by
+    rw [Nat.sub_sub, Nat.add_comm]
+    exact Nat.lt_of_le_of_lt (Nat.pred_le _) (Nat.sub_succ_lt_self _ _ h)
   loop (as : Array α) (i : Nat) (j : Fin as.size) :=
     if h : i < j then
-      have := reverse.termination h
+      have := termination h
       let as := as.swap ⟨i, Nat.lt_trans h j.2⟩ j
       have : j-1 < as.size := by rw [size_swap]; exact Nat.lt_of_le_of_lt (Nat.pred_le _) j.2
       loop as (i+1) ⟨j-1, this⟩
     else
       as
-termination_by j - i
 
+@[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
 def popWhile (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α :=
   if h : as.size > 0 then
     if p (as.get ⟨as.size - 1, Nat.sub_lt h (by decide)⟩) then
@@ -706,11 +693,11 @@ def popWhile (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α :=
       as
   else
     as
-termination_by as.size
 decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
 
 def takeWhile (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α :=
-  let rec go (i : Nat) (r : Array α) : Array α :=
+  let rec @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+  go (i : Nat) (r : Array α) : Array α :=
     if h : i < as.size then
       let a := as.get ⟨i, h⟩
       if p a then
@@ -719,7 +706,6 @@ def takeWhile (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α :=
         r
     else
       r
-    termination_by as.size - i
     decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
   go 0 #[]
 
@@ -727,6 +713,7 @@ def takeWhile (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Array α :=
 
   This function takes worst case O(n) time because
   it has to backshift all elements at positions greater than `i`.-/
+@[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
 def feraseIdx (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) : Array α :=
   if h : i.val + 1 < a.size then
     let a' := a.swap ⟨i.val + 1, h⟩ i
@@ -737,7 +724,8 @@ def feraseIdx (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) : Array α :=
 termination_by a.size - i.val
 decreasing_by simp_wf; exact Nat.sub_succ_lt_self _ _ i.isLt
 
-theorem size_feraseIdx (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) : (a.feraseIdx i).size = a.size - 1 := by
+-- This is required in `Lean.Data.PersistentHashMap`.
+@[simp] theorem size_feraseIdx (a : Array α) (i : Fin a.size) : (a.feraseIdx i).size = a.size - 1 := by
   induction a, i using Array.feraseIdx.induct with
   | @case1 a i h a' _ ih =>
     unfold feraseIdx
@@ -760,14 +748,14 @@ def erase [BEq α] (as : Array α) (a : α) : Array α :=
 
 /-- Insert element `a` at position `i`. -/
 @[inline] def insertAt (as : Array α) (i : Fin (as.size + 1)) (a : α) : Array α :=
-  let rec loop (as : Array α) (j : Fin as.size) :=
+  let rec @[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+  loop (as : Array α) (j : Fin as.size) :=
     if i.1 < j then
       let j' := ⟨j-1, Nat.lt_of_le_of_lt (Nat.pred_le _) j.2⟩
       let as := as.swap j' j
       loop as ⟨j', by rw [size_swap]; exact j'.2⟩
     else
       as
-    termination_by j.1
     decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
   let j := as.size
   let as := as.push a
@@ -779,37 +767,7 @@ def insertAt! (as : Array α) (i : Nat) (a : α) : Array α :=
     insertAt as ⟨i, Nat.lt_succ_of_le h⟩ a
   else panic! "invalid index"
 
-def toListLitAux (a : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : a.size = n) : ∀ (i : Nat), i ≤ a.size → List α → List α
-  | 0,     _,  acc => acc
-  | (i+1), hi, acc => toListLitAux a n hsz i (Nat.le_of_succ_le hi) (a.getLit i hsz (Nat.lt_of_lt_of_eq (Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (Nat.lt_succ_self i) hi) hsz) :: acc)
-
-def toArrayLit (a : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : a.size = n) : Array α :=
-  List.toArray <| toListLitAux a n hsz n (hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _) []
-
-theorem ext' {as bs : Array α} (h : as.data = bs.data) : as = bs := by
-  cases as; cases bs; simp at h; rw [h]
-
-@[simp] theorem toArrayAux_eq (as : List α) (acc : Array α) : (as.toArrayAux acc).data = acc.data ++ as := by
-  induction as generalizing acc <;> simp [*, List.toArrayAux, Array.push, List.append_assoc, List.concat_eq_append]
-
-theorem data_toArray (as : List α) : as.toArray.data = as := by
-  simp [List.toArray, Array.mkEmpty]
-
-theorem toArrayLit_eq (as : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : as.size = n) : as = toArrayLit as n hsz := by
-  apply ext'
-  simp [toArrayLit, data_toArray]
-  have hle : n ≤ as.size := hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _
-  have hge : as.size ≤ n := hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _
-  have := go n hle
-  rw [List.drop_eq_nil_of_le hge] at this
-  rw [this]
-where
-  getLit_eq (as : Array α) (i : Nat) (h₁ : as.size = n) (h₂ : i < n) : as.getLit i h₁ h₂ = getElem as.data i ((id (α := as.data.length = n) h₁) ▸ h₂) :=
-    rfl
-
-  go (i : Nat) (hi : i ≤ as.size) : toListLitAux as n hsz i hi (as.data.drop i) = as.data := by
-    induction i <;> simp [getLit_eq, List.get_drop_eq_drop, toListLitAux, List.drop, *]
-
+@[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
 def isPrefixOfAux [BEq α] (as bs : Array α) (hle : as.size ≤ bs.size) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
   if h : i < as.size then
     let a := as[i]
@@ -821,7 +779,6 @@ def isPrefixOfAux [BEq α] (as bs : Array α) (hle : as.size ≤ bs.size) (i : N
       false
   else
     true
-termination_by as.size - i
 decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
 
 /-- Return true iff `as` is a prefix of `bs`.
@@ -832,24 +789,8 @@ def isPrefixOf [BEq α] (as bs : Array α) : Bool :=
   else
     false
 
-private def allDiffAuxAux [BEq α] (as : Array α) (a : α) : forall (i : Nat), i < as.size → Bool
-  | 0,   _ => true
-  | i+1, h =>
-    have : i < as.size := Nat.lt_trans (Nat.lt_succ_self _) h;
-    a != as[i] && allDiffAuxAux as a i this
-
-private def allDiffAux [BEq α] (as : Array α) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
-  if h : i < as.size then
-    allDiffAuxAux as as[i] i h && allDiffAux as (i+1)
-  else
-    true
-termination_by as.size - i
-decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
-
-def allDiff [BEq α] (as : Array α) : Bool :=
-  allDiffAux as 0
-
-@[specialize] def zipWithAux (f : α → β → γ) (as : Array α) (bs : Array β) (i : Nat) (cs : Array γ) : Array γ :=
+@[semireducible, specialize] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+def zipWithAux (f : α → β → γ) (as : Array α) (bs : Array β) (i : Nat) (cs : Array γ) : Array γ :=
   if h : i < as.size then
     let a := as[i]
     if h : i < bs.size then
@@ -859,7 +800,6 @@ def allDiff [BEq α] (as : Array α) : Bool :=
       cs
   else
     cs
-termination_by as.size - i
 decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
 
 @[inline] def zipWith (as : Array α) (bs : Array β) (f : α → β → γ) : Array γ :=
@@ -875,4 +815,66 @@ def split (as : Array α) (p : α → Bool) : Array α × Array α :=
   as.foldl (init := (#[], #[])) fun (as, bs) a =>
     if p a then (as.push a, bs) else (as, bs.push a)
 
+/-! ## Auxiliary functions used in metaprogramming.
+
+We do not intend to provide verification theorems for these functions.
+-/
+
+/-! ### eraseReps -/
+
+/--
+`O(|l|)`. Erase repeated adjacent elements. Keeps the first occurrence of each run.
+* `eraseReps #[1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 5] = #[1, 3, 2, 3, 5]`
+-/
+def eraseReps {α} [BEq α] (as : Array α) : Array α :=
+  if h : 0 < as.size then
+    let ⟨last, r⟩ := as.foldl (init := (as[0], #[])) fun ⟨last, r⟩ a =>
+      if a == last then ⟨last, r⟩ else ⟨a, r.push last⟩
+    r.push last
+  else
+    #[]
+
+/-! ### allDiff -/
+
+private def allDiffAuxAux [BEq α] (as : Array α) (a : α) : forall (i : Nat), i < as.size → Bool
+  | 0,   _ => true
+  | i+1, h =>
+    have : i < as.size := Nat.lt_trans (Nat.lt_succ_self _) h;
+    a != as[i] && allDiffAuxAux as a i this
+
+@[semireducible] -- This is otherwise irreducible because it uses well-founded recursion.
+private def allDiffAux [BEq α] (as : Array α) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
+  if h : i < as.size then
+    allDiffAuxAux as as[i] i h && allDiffAux as (i+1)
+  else
+    true
+decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+
+def allDiff [BEq α] (as : Array α) : Bool :=
+  allDiffAux as 0
+
+/-! ### getEvenElems -/
+
+@[inline] def getEvenElems (as : Array α) : Array α :=
+  (·.2) <| as.foldl (init := (true, Array.empty)) fun (even, r) a =>
+    if even then
+      (false, r.push a)
+    else
+      (true, r)
+
+/-! ### Repr and ToString -/
+
+instance {α : Type u} [Repr α] : Repr (Array α) where
+  reprPrec a _ :=
+    let _ : Std.ToFormat α := ⟨repr⟩
+    if a.size == 0 then
+      "#[]"
+    else
+      Std.Format.bracketFill "#[" (Std.Format.joinSep (toList a) ("," ++ Std.Format.line)) "]"
+
+instance [ToString α] : ToString (Array α) where
+  toString a := "#" ++ toString a.toList
+
 end Array
+
+export Array (mkArray)

src/Init/Data/Array/BasicAux.lean

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ private theorem List.of_toArrayAux_eq_toArrayAux {as bs : List α} {cs ds : Arra
 
 @[simp] theorem List.toArray_eq_toArray_eq (as bs : List α) : (as.toArray = bs.toArray) = (as = bs) := by
   apply propext; apply Iff.intro
-  · intro h; simp [toArray] at h; have := of_toArrayAux_eq_toArrayAux h rfl; exact this.1
+  · intro h; simpa [toArray] using h
   · intro h; rw [h]
 
 def Array.mapM' [Monad m] (f : α → m β) (as : Array α) : m { bs : Array β // bs.size = as.size } :=
-  go 0 ⟨mkEmpty as.size, rfl⟩ (by simp_arith)
+  go 0 ⟨mkEmpty as.size, rfl⟩ (by simp)
 where
   go (i : Nat) (acc : { bs : Array β // bs.size = i }) (hle : i ≤ as.size) : m { bs : Array β // bs.size = as.size } := do
     if h : i = as.size then

src/Init/Data/Array/Bootstrap.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2022 Mario Carneiro. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Mario Carneiro
+-/
+
+prelude
+import Init.Data.List.TakeDrop
+
+/-!
+## Bootstrapping theorems about arrays
+
+This file contains some theorems about `Array` and `List` needed for `Init.Data.List.Impl`.
+-/
+
+namespace Array
+
+theorem foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList.aux [Monad m]
+    (f : β → α → m β) (arr : Array α) (i j) (H : arr.size ≤ i + j) (b) :
+    foldlM.loop f arr arr.size (Nat.le_refl _) i j b = (arr.toList.drop j).foldlM f b := by
+  unfold foldlM.loop
+  split; split
+  · cases Nat.not_le_of_gt ‹_› (Nat.zero_add _ ▸ H)
+  · rename_i i; rw [Nat.succ_add] at H
+    simp [foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList.aux f arr i (j+1) H]
+    rw (config := {occs := .pos [2]}) [← List.get_drop_eq_drop _ _ ‹_›]
+    rfl
+  · rw [List.drop_of_length_le (Nat.ge_of_not_lt ‹_›)]; rfl
+
+theorem foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList [Monad m]
+    (f : β → α → m β) (init : β) (arr : Array α) :
+    arr.foldlM f init = arr.toList.foldlM f init := by
+  simp [foldlM, foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList.aux]
+
+theorem foldl_eq_foldl_toList (f : β → α → β) (init : β) (arr : Array α) :
+    arr.foldl f init = arr.toList.foldl f init :=
+  List.foldl_eq_foldlM .. ▸ foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList ..
+
+theorem foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList.aux [Monad m]
+    (f : α → β → m β) (arr : Array α) (init : β) (i h) :
+    (arr.toList.take i).reverse.foldlM (fun x y => f y x) init = foldrM.fold f arr 0 i h init := by
+  unfold foldrM.fold
+  match i with
+  | 0 => simp [List.foldlM, List.take]
+  | i+1 => rw [← List.take_concat_get _ _ h]; simp [← (aux f arr · i)]; rfl
+
+theorem foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList [Monad m] (f : α → β → m β) (init : β) (arr : Array α) :
+    arr.foldrM f init = arr.toList.reverse.foldlM (fun x y => f y x) init := by
+  have : arr = #[] ∨ 0 < arr.size :=
+    match arr with | ⟨[]⟩ => .inl rfl | ⟨a::l⟩ => .inr (Nat.zero_lt_succ _)
+  match arr, this with | _, .inl rfl => rfl | arr, .inr h => ?_
+  simp [foldrM, h, ← foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList.aux, List.take_length]
+
+theorem foldrM_eq_foldrM_toList [Monad m]
+    (f : α → β → m β) (init : β) (arr : Array α) :
+    arr.foldrM f init = arr.toList.foldrM f init := by
+  rw [foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList, List.foldlM_reverse]
+
+theorem foldr_eq_foldr_toList (f : α → β → β) (init : β) (arr : Array α) :
+    arr.foldr f init = arr.toList.foldr f init :=
+  List.foldr_eq_foldrM .. ▸ foldrM_eq_foldrM_toList ..
+
+@[simp] theorem push_toList (arr : Array α) (a : α) : (arr.push a).toList = arr.toList ++ [a] := by
+  simp [push, List.concat_eq_append]
+
+@[simp] theorem toListAppend_eq (arr : Array α) (l) : arr.toListAppend l = arr.toList ++ l := by
+  simp [toListAppend, foldr_eq_foldr_toList]
+
+@[simp] theorem toListImpl_eq (arr : Array α) : arr.toListImpl = arr.toList := by
+  simp [toListImpl, foldr_eq_foldr_toList]
+
+@[simp] theorem pop_toList (arr : Array α) : arr.pop.toList = arr.toList.dropLast := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem append_eq_append (arr arr' : Array α) : arr.append arr' = arr ++ arr' := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem toList_append (arr arr' : Array α) :
+    (arr ++ arr').toList = arr.toList ++ arr'.toList := by
+  rw [← append_eq_append]; unfold Array.append
+  rw [foldl_eq_foldl_toList]
+  induction arr'.toList generalizing arr <;> simp [*]
+
+@[simp] theorem appendList_eq_append
+    (arr : Array α) (l : List α) : arr.appendList l = arr ++ l := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem appendList_toList (arr : Array α) (l : List α) :
+    (arr ++ l).toList = arr.toList ++ l := by
+  rw [← appendList_eq_append]; unfold Array.appendList
+  induction l generalizing arr <;> simp [*]
+
+@[deprecated foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev foldlM_eq_foldlM_data := @foldlM_eq_foldlM_toList
+
+@[deprecated foldl_eq_foldl_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev foldl_eq_foldl_data := @foldl_eq_foldl_toList
+
+@[deprecated foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_data := @foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList
+
+@[deprecated foldrM_eq_foldrM_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev foldrM_eq_foldrM_data := @foldrM_eq_foldrM_toList
+
+@[deprecated foldr_eq_foldr_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev foldr_eq_foldr_data := @foldr_eq_foldr_toList
+
+@[deprecated push_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev push_data := @push_toList
+
+@[deprecated toListImpl_eq (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev toList_eq := @toListImpl_eq
+
+@[deprecated pop_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev pop_data := @pop_toList
+
+@[deprecated toList_append (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev append_data := @toList_append
+
+@[deprecated appendList_toList (since := "2024-09-09")]
+abbrev appendList_data := @appendList_toList
+
+end Array

src/Init/Data/Array/DecidableEq.lean

@@ -5,43 +5,49 @@ Authors: Leonardo de Moura
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Array.Basic
+import Init.Data.BEq
 import Init.ByCases
 
 namespace Array
 
-theorem eq_of_isEqvAux [DecidableEq α] (a b : Array α) (hsz : a.size = b.size) (i : Nat) (hi : i ≤ a.size) (heqv : Array.isEqvAux a b hsz (fun x y => x = y) i) (j : Nat) (low : i ≤ j) (high : j < a.size) : a[j] = b[j]'(hsz ▸ high) := by
-  by_cases h : i < a.size
-  · unfold Array.isEqvAux at heqv
-    simp [h] at heqv
-    have hind := eq_of_isEqvAux a b hsz (i+1) (Nat.succ_le_of_lt h) heqv.2
-    by_cases heq : i = j
-    · subst heq; exact heqv.1
-    · exact hind j (Nat.succ_le_of_lt (Nat.lt_of_le_of_ne low heq)) high
-  · have heq : i = a.size := Nat.le_antisymm hi (Nat.ge_of_not_lt h)
-    subst heq
-    exact absurd (Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le high low) (Nat.lt_irrefl j)
-termination_by a.size - i
-decreasing_by decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+theorem rel_of_isEqvAux
+    (r : α → α → Bool) (a b : Array α) (hsz : a.size = b.size) (i : Nat) (hi : i ≤ a.size)
+    (heqv : Array.isEqvAux a b hsz r i hi)
+    (j : Nat) (hj : j < i) : r (a[j]'(Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le hj hi)) (b[j]'(Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le hj (hsz ▸ hi))) := by
+  induction i with
+  | zero => contradiction
+  | succ i ih =>
+    simp only [Array.isEqvAux, Bool.and_eq_true, decide_eq_true_eq] at heqv
+    by_cases hj' : j < i
+    next =>
+      exact ih _ heqv.right hj'
+    next =>
+      replace hj' : j = i := Nat.eq_of_le_of_lt_succ (Nat.not_lt.mp hj') hj
+      subst hj'
+      exact heqv.left
 
+theorem rel_of_isEqv (r : α → α → Bool) (a b : Array α) :
+    Array.isEqv a b r → ∃ h : a.size = b.size, ∀ (i : Nat) (h' : i < a.size), r (a[i]) (b[i]'(h ▸ h')) := by
+  simp only [isEqv]
+  split <;> rename_i h
+  · exact fun h' => ⟨h, rel_of_isEqvAux r a b h a.size (Nat.le_refl ..) h'⟩
+  · intro; contradiction
 
-theorem eq_of_isEqv [DecidableEq α] (a b : Array α) : Array.isEqv a b (fun x y => x = y) → a = b := by
-  simp [Array.isEqv]
-  split
-  next hsz =>
-   intro h
-   have aux := eq_of_isEqvAux a b hsz 0 (Nat.zero_le ..) h
-   exact ext a b hsz fun i h _ => aux i (Nat.zero_le ..) _
-  next => intro; contradiction
+theorem eq_of_isEqv [DecidableEq α] (a b : Array α) (h : Array.isEqv a b (fun x y => x = y)) : a = b := by
+  have ⟨h, h'⟩ := rel_of_isEqv (fun x y => x = y) a b h
+  exact ext _ _ h (fun i lt _ => by simpa using h' i lt)
 
-theorem isEqvAux_self [DecidableEq α] (a : Array α) (i : Nat) : Array.isEqvAux a a rfl (fun x y => x = y) i = true := by
-  unfold Array.isEqvAux
-  split
-  next h => simp [h, isEqvAux_self a (i+1)]
-  next h => simp [h]
-termination_by a.size - i
-decreasing_by decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+theorem isEqvAux_self (r : α → α → Bool) (hr : ∀ a, r a a) (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (h : i ≤ a.size) :
+    Array.isEqvAux a a rfl r i h = true := by
+  induction i with
+  | zero => simp [Array.isEqvAux]
+  | succ i ih =>
+    simp_all only [isEqvAux, Bool.and_self]
 
-theorem isEqv_self [DecidableEq α] (a : Array α) : Array.isEqv a a (fun x y => x = y) = true := by
+theorem isEqv_self_beq [BEq α] [ReflBEq α] (a : Array α) : Array.isEqv a a (· == ·) = true := by
+  simp [isEqv, isEqvAux_self]
+
+theorem isEqv_self [DecidableEq α] (a : Array α) : Array.isEqv a a (· = ·) = true := by
   simp [isEqv, isEqvAux_self]
 
 instance [DecidableEq α] : DecidableEq (Array α) :=

src/Init/Data/Array/GetLit.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Leonardo de Moura
+-/
+
+prelude
+import Init.Data.Array.Basic
+
+namespace Array
+
+/-! ### getLit -/
+
+-- auxiliary declaration used in the equation compiler when pattern matching array literals.
+abbrev getLit {α : Type u} {n : Nat} (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (h₁ : a.size = n) (h₂ : i < n) : α :=
+  have := h₁.symm ▸ h₂
+  a[i]
+
+theorem extLit {n : Nat}
+    (a b : Array α)
+    (hsz₁ : a.size = n) (hsz₂ : b.size = n)
+    (h : (i : Nat) → (hi : i < n) → a.getLit i hsz₁ hi = b.getLit i hsz₂ hi) : a = b :=
+  Array.ext a b (hsz₁.trans hsz₂.symm) fun i hi₁ _ => h i (hsz₁ ▸ hi₁)
+
+def toListLitAux (a : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : a.size = n) : ∀ (i : Nat), i ≤ a.size → List α → List α
+  | 0,     _,  acc => acc
+  | (i+1), hi, acc => toListLitAux a n hsz i (Nat.le_of_succ_le hi) (a.getLit i hsz (Nat.lt_of_lt_of_eq (Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (Nat.lt_succ_self i) hi) hsz) :: acc)
+
+def toArrayLit (a : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : a.size = n) : Array α :=
+  List.toArray <| toListLitAux a n hsz n (hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _) []
+
+theorem toArrayLit_eq (as : Array α) (n : Nat) (hsz : as.size = n) : as = toArrayLit as n hsz := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp [toArrayLit, toList_toArray]
+  have hle : n ≤ as.size := hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _
+  have hge : as.size ≤ n := hsz ▸ Nat.le_refl _
+  have := go n hle
+  rw [List.drop_eq_nil_of_le hge] at this
+  rw [this]
+where
+  getLit_eq (as : Array α) (i : Nat) (h₁ : as.size = n) (h₂ : i < n) : as.getLit i h₁ h₂ = getElem as.toList i ((id (α := as.toList.length = n) h₁) ▸ h₂) :=
+    rfl
+  go (i : Nat) (hi : i ≤ as.size) : toListLitAux as n hsz i hi (as.toList.drop i) = as.toList := by
+    induction i <;> simp [getLit_eq, List.get_drop_eq_drop, toListLitAux, List.drop, *]
+
+end Array

src/Init/Data/Array/Mem.lean

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ namespace Array
 /-- `a ∈ as` is a predicate which asserts that `a` is in the array `as`. -/
 -- NB: This is defined as a structure rather than a plain def so that a lemma
 -- like `sizeOf_lt_of_mem` will not apply with no actual arrays around.
-structure Mem (a : α) (as : Array α) : Prop where
-  val : a ∈ as.data
+structure Mem (as : Array α) (a : α) : Prop where
+  val : a ∈ as.toList
 
 instance : Membership α (Array α) where
-  mem a as := Mem a as
+  mem := Mem
 
 theorem sizeOf_lt_of_mem [SizeOf α] {as : Array α} (h : a ∈ as) : sizeOf a < sizeOf as := by
   cases as with | _ as =>
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ macro "array_get_dec" : tactic =>
     -- subsumed by simp
     -- | with_reducible apply sizeOf_get
     -- | with_reducible apply sizeOf_getElem
-    | (with_reducible apply Nat.lt_trans (sizeOf_get ..)); simp_arith
-    | (with_reducible apply Nat.lt_trans (sizeOf_getElem ..)); simp_arith
+    | (with_reducible apply Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (sizeOf_get ..)); simp_arith
+    | (with_reducible apply Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (sizeOf_getElem ..)); simp_arith
     )
 
 macro_rules | `(tactic| decreasing_trivial) => `(tactic| array_get_dec)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ macro "array_mem_dec" : tactic =>
   `(tactic| first
     | with_reducible apply Array.sizeOf_lt_of_mem; assumption; done
     | with_reducible
-        apply Nat.lt_trans (Array.sizeOf_lt_of_mem ?h)
+        apply Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (Array.sizeOf_lt_of_mem ?h)
         case' h => assumption
       simp_arith)
 

src/Init/Data/Array/QSort.lean

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Authors: Leonardo de Moura
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Array.Basic
+import Init.Data.Ord
 
 namespace Array
 -- TODO: remove the [Inhabited α] parameters as soon as we have the tactic framework for automating proof generation and using Array.fget
@@ -44,4 +45,11 @@ def qpartition (as : Array α) (lt : α → α → Bool) (lo hi : Nat) : Nat ×
     else as
   sort as low high
 
+set_option linter.unusedVariables.funArgs false in
+/--
+Sort an array using `compare` to compare elements.
+-/
+def qsortOrd [ord : Ord α] (xs : Array α) : Array α :=
+  xs.qsort fun x y => compare x y |>.isLT
+
 end Array

src/Init/Data/Array/Subarray.lean

@@ -59,6 +59,22 @@ def popFront (s : Subarray α) : Subarray α :=
   else
     s
 
+/--
+The empty subarray.
+-/
+protected def empty : Subarray α where
+  array := #[]
+  start := 0
+  stop := 0
+  start_le_stop := Nat.le_refl 0
+  stop_le_array_size := Nat.le_refl 0
+
+instance : EmptyCollection (Subarray α) :=
+  ⟨Subarray.empty⟩
+
+instance : Inhabited (Subarray α) :=
+  ⟨{}⟩
+
 @[inline] unsafe def forInUnsafe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (s : Subarray α) (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) : m β :=
   let sz := USize.ofNat s.stop
   let rec @[specialize] loop (i : USize) (b : β) : m β := do

src/Init/Data/Array/TakeDrop.lean

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ Authors: Markus Himmel
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Array.Lemmas
-import Init.Data.List.TakeDrop
+import Init.Data.List.Nat.TakeDrop
 
 namespace Array
 
 theorem exists_of_uset (self : Array α) (i d h) :
-    ∃ l₁ l₂, self.data = l₁ ++ self[i] :: l₂ ∧ List.length l₁ = i.toNat ∧
-      (self.uset i d h).data = l₁ ++ d :: l₂ := by
-  simpa [Array.getElem_eq_data_getElem] using List.exists_of_set _
+    ∃ l₁ l₂, self.toList = l₁ ++ self[i] :: l₂ ∧ List.length l₁ = i.toNat ∧
+      (self.uset i d h).toList = l₁ ++ d :: l₂ := by
+  simpa only [ugetElem_eq_getElem, getElem_eq_getElem_toList, uset, toList_set] using
+    List.exists_of_set _
 
 end Array

src/Init/Data/BEq.lean

@@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ theorem BEq.neq_of_beq_of_neq [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {a b c : α} :
 
 instance (priority := low) [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] : EquivBEq α where
   refl := LawfulBEq.rfl
-  symm h := (beq_iff_eq _ _).2 <| Eq.symm <| (beq_iff_eq _ _).1 h
-  trans hab hbc := (beq_iff_eq _ _).2 <| ((beq_iff_eq _ _).1 hab).trans <| (beq_iff_eq _ _).1 hbc
+  symm h := beq_iff_eq.2 <| Eq.symm <| beq_iff_eq.1 h
+  trans hab hbc := beq_iff_eq.2 <| (beq_iff_eq.1 hab).trans <| beq_iff_eq.1 hbc

src/Init/Data/BitVec.lean

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /-
 Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO, LLC. All rights reserved.
 Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
-Authors: Scott Morrison
+Authors: Kim Morrison
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.BitVec.Basic

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Basic.lean

@@ -1,79 +1,34 @@
 /-
 Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO, LLC. All rights reserved.
 Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
-Authors: Joe Hendrix, Wojciech Nawrocki, Leonardo de Moura, Mario Carneiro, Alex Keizer, Harun Khan, Abdalrhman M Mohamed
+Authors: Joe Hendrix, Wojciech Nawrocki, Leonardo de Moura, Mario Carneiro, Alex Keizer, Harun Khan, Abdalrhman M Mohamed, Siddharth Bhat
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Fin.Basic
 import Init.Data.Nat.Bitwise.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Nat.Power2
 import Init.Data.Int.Bitwise
+import Init.Data.BitVec.BasicAux
 
 /-!
-We define bitvectors. We choose the `Fin` representation over others for its relative efficiency
-(Lean has special support for `Nat`), alignment with `UIntXY` types which are also represented
-with `Fin`, and the fact that bitwise operations on `Fin` are already defined. Some other possible
-representations are `List Bool`, `{ l : List Bool // l.length = w }`, `Fin w → Bool`.
+We define the basic algebraic structure of bitvectors. We choose the `Fin` representation over
+others for its relative efficiency (Lean has special support for `Nat`),  and the fact that bitwise
+operations on `Fin` are already defined. Some other possible representations are `List Bool`,
+`{ l : List Bool // l.length = w }`, `Fin w → Bool`.
 
 We define many of the bitvector operations from the
 [`QF_BV` logic](https://smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu/logics-all.shtml#QF_BV).
 of SMT-LIBv2.
 -/
 
-/--
-A bitvector of the specified width.
-
-This is represented as the underlying `Nat` number in both the runtime
-and the kernel, inheriting all the special support for `Nat`.
--/
-structure BitVec (w : Nat) where
-  /-- Construct a `BitVec w` from a number less than `2^w`.
-  O(1), because we use `Fin` as the internal representation of a bitvector. -/
-  ofFin ::
-  /-- Interpret a bitvector as a number less than `2^w`.
-  O(1), because we use `Fin` as the internal representation of a bitvector. -/
-  toFin : Fin (2^w)
-
-@[deprecated (since := "2024-04-12")]
-protected abbrev Std.BitVec := _root_.BitVec
-
--- We manually derive the `DecidableEq` instances for `BitVec` because
--- we want to have builtin support for bit-vector literals, and we
--- need a name for this function to implement `canUnfoldAtMatcher` at `WHNF.lean`.
-def BitVec.decEq (a b : BitVec n) : Decidable (a = b) :=
-  match a, b with
-  | ⟨n⟩, ⟨m⟩ =>
-    if h : n = m then
-      isTrue (h ▸ rfl)
-    else
-      isFalse (fun h' => BitVec.noConfusion h' (fun h' => absurd h' h))
-
-instance : DecidableEq (BitVec n) := BitVec.decEq
+set_option linter.missingDocs true
 
 namespace BitVec
 
 section Nat
 
-/-- The `BitVec` with value `i`, given a proof that `i < 2^n`. -/
-@[match_pattern]
-protected def ofNatLt {n : Nat} (i : Nat) (p : i < 2^n) : BitVec n where
-  toFin := ⟨i, p⟩
-
-/-- The `BitVec` with value `i mod 2^n`. -/
-@[match_pattern]
-protected def ofNat (n : Nat) (i : Nat) : BitVec n where
-  toFin := Fin.ofNat' i (Nat.two_pow_pos n)
-
-instance instOfNat : OfNat (BitVec n) i where ofNat := .ofNat n i
 instance natCastInst : NatCast (BitVec w) := ⟨BitVec.ofNat w⟩
 
-/-- Given a bitvector `a`, return the underlying `Nat`. This is O(1) because `BitVec` is a
-(zero-cost) wrapper around a `Nat`. -/
-protected def toNat (a : BitVec n) : Nat := a.toFin.val
-
-/-- Return the bound in terms of toNat. -/
-theorem isLt (x : BitVec w) : x.toNat < 2^w := x.toFin.isLt
-
 @[deprecated isLt (since := "2024-03-12")]
 theorem toNat_lt (x : BitVec n) : x.toNat < 2^n := x.isLt
 
@@ -114,25 +69,76 @@ end zero_allOnes
 
 section getXsb
 
+/--
+Return the `i`-th least significant bit.
+
+This will be renamed `getLsb` after the existing deprecated alias is removed.
+-/
+@[inline] def getLsb' (x : BitVec w) (i : Fin w) : Bool := x.toNat.testBit i
+
+/-- Return the `i`-th least significant bit or `none` if `i ≥ w`. -/
+@[inline] def getLsb? (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Option Bool :=
+  if h : i < w then some (getLsb' x ⟨i, h⟩) else none
+
+/--
+Return the `i`-th most significant bit.
+
+This will be renamed `getMsb` after the existing deprecated alias is removed.
+-/
+@[inline] def getMsb' (x : BitVec w) (i : Fin w) : Bool := x.getLsb' ⟨w-1-i, by omega⟩
+
+/-- Return the `i`-th most significant bit or `none` if `i ≥ w`. -/
+@[inline] def getMsb? (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Option Bool :=
+  if h : i < w then some (getMsb' x ⟨i, h⟩) else none
+
 /-- Return the `i`-th least significant bit or `false` if `i ≥ w`. -/
-@[inline] def getLsb (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool := x.toNat.testBit i
+@[inline] def getLsbD (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
+  x.toNat.testBit i
+
+@[deprecated getLsbD (since := "2024-08-29"), inherit_doc getLsbD]
+def getLsb (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool := x.getLsbD i
 
 /-- Return the `i`-th most significant bit or `false` if `i ≥ w`. -/
-@[inline] def getMsb (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool := i < w && getLsb x (w-1-i)
+@[inline] def getMsbD (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool :=
+  i < w && x.getLsbD (w-1-i)
+
+@[deprecated getMsbD (since := "2024-08-29"), inherit_doc getMsbD]
+def getMsb (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) : Bool := x.getMsbD i
 
 /-- Return most-significant bit in bitvector. -/
-@[inline] protected def msb (a : BitVec n) : Bool := getMsb a 0
+@[inline] protected def msb (x : BitVec n) : Bool := getMsbD x 0
 
 end getXsb
 
+section getElem
+
+instance : GetElem (BitVec w) Nat Bool fun _ i => i < w where
+  getElem xs i h := xs.getLsb' ⟨i, h⟩
+
+/-- We prefer `x[i]` as the simp normal form for `getLsb'` -/
+@[simp] theorem getLsb'_eq_getElem (x : BitVec w) (i : Fin w) :
+    x.getLsb' i = x[i] := rfl
+
+/-- We prefer `x[i]?` as the simp normal form for `getLsb?` -/
+@[simp] theorem getLsb?_eq_getElem? (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
+    x.getLsb? i = x[i]? := rfl
+
+theorem getElem_eq_testBit_toNat (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) (h : i < w) :
+  x[i] = x.toNat.testBit i := rfl
+
+theorem getLsbD_eq_getElem {x : BitVec w} {i : Nat} (h : i < w) :
+    x.getLsbD i = x[i] := rfl
+
+end getElem
+
 section Int
 
 /-- Interpret the bitvector as an integer stored in two's complement form. -/
-protected def toInt (a : BitVec n) : Int :=
-  if 2 * a.toNat < 2^n then
-    a.toNat
+protected def toInt (x : BitVec n) : Int :=
+  if 2 * x.toNat < 2^n then
+    x.toNat
   else
-    (a.toNat : Int) - (2^n : Nat)
+    (x.toNat : Int) - (2^n : Nat)
 
 /-- The `BitVec` with value `(2^n + (i mod 2^n)) mod 2^n`.  -/
 protected def ofInt (n : Nat) (i : Int) : BitVec n := .ofNatLt (i % (Int.ofNat (2^n))).toNat (by
@@ -185,22 +191,6 @@ end repr_toString
 
 section arithmetic
 
-/--
-Addition for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned addition
-modulo `2^n`.
-
-SMT-Lib name: `bvadd`.
--/
-protected def add (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n := .ofNat n (x.toNat + y.toNat)
-instance : Add (BitVec n) := ⟨BitVec.add⟩
-
-/--
-Subtraction for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned subtraction
-modulo `2^n`.
--/
-protected def sub (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n := .ofNat n ((2^n - y.toNat) + x.toNat)
-instance : Sub (BitVec n) := ⟨BitVec.sub⟩
-
 /--
 Negation for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned negation
 modulo `2^n`.
@@ -213,11 +203,11 @@ instance : Neg (BitVec n) := ⟨.neg⟩
 /--
 Return the absolute value of a signed bitvector.
 -/
-protected def abs (s : BitVec n) : BitVec n := if s.msb then .neg s else s
+protected def abs (x : BitVec n) : BitVec n := if x.msb then .neg x else x
 
 /--
-Multiplication for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned negation
-modulo `2^n`.
+Multiplication for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned
+multiplication modulo `2^n`.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `bvmul`.
 -/
@@ -260,12 +250,12 @@ sdiv 5#4 -2 = -2#4
 sdiv (-7#4) (-2) = 3#4
 ```
 -/
-def sdiv (s t : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
-  match s.msb, t.msb with
-  | false, false => udiv s t
-  | false, true  => .neg (udiv s (.neg t))
-  | true,  false => .neg (udiv (.neg s) t)
-  | true,  true  => udiv (.neg s) (.neg t)
+def sdiv (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
+  match x.msb, y.msb with
+  | false, false => udiv x y
+  | false, true  => .neg (udiv x (.neg y))
+  | true,  false => .neg (udiv (.neg x) y)
+  | true,  true  => udiv (.neg x) (.neg y)
 
 /--
 Signed division for bit vectors using SMTLIB rules for division by zero.
@@ -274,40 +264,40 @@ Specifically, `smtSDiv x 0 = if x >= 0 then -1 else 1`
 
 SMT-Lib name: `bvsdiv`.
 -/
-def smtSDiv (s t : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
-  match s.msb, t.msb with
-  | false, false => smtUDiv s t
-  | false, true  => .neg (smtUDiv s (.neg t))
-  | true,  false => .neg (smtUDiv (.neg s) t)
-  | true,  true  => smtUDiv (.neg s) (.neg t)
+def smtSDiv (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
+  match x.msb, y.msb with
+  | false, false => smtUDiv x y
+  | false, true  => .neg (smtUDiv x (.neg y))
+  | true,  false => .neg (smtUDiv (.neg x) y)
+  | true,  true  => smtUDiv (.neg x) (.neg y)
 
 /--
 Remainder for signed division rounding to zero.
 
 SMT_Lib name: `bvsrem`.
 -/
-def srem (s t : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
-  match s.msb, t.msb with
-  | false, false => umod s t
-  | false, true  => umod s (.neg t)
-  | true,  false => .neg (umod (.neg s) t)
-  | true,  true  => .neg (umod (.neg s) (.neg t))
+def srem (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n :=
+  match x.msb, y.msb with
+  | false, false => umod x y
+  | false, true  => umod x (.neg y)
+  | true,  false => .neg (umod (.neg x) y)
+  | true,  true  => .neg (umod (.neg x) (.neg y))
 
 /--
 Remainder for signed division rounded to negative infinity.
 
 SMT_Lib name: `bvsmod`.
 -/
-def smod (s t : BitVec m) : BitVec m :=
-  match s.msb, t.msb with
-  | false, false => umod s t
+def smod (x y : BitVec m) : BitVec m :=
+  match x.msb, y.msb with
+  | false, false => umod x y
   | false, true =>
-    let u := umod s (.neg t)
-    (if u = .zero m then u else .add u t)
+    let u := umod x (.neg y)
+    (if u = .zero m then u else .add u y)
   | true, false =>
-    let u := umod (.neg s) t
-    (if u = .zero m then u else .sub t u)
-  | true, true => .neg (umod (.neg s) (.neg t))
+    let u := umod (.neg x) y
+    (if u = .zero m then u else .sub y u)
+  | true, true => .neg (umod (.neg x) (.neg y))
 
 end arithmetic
 
@@ -334,10 +324,6 @@ SMT-Lib name: `bvult`.
 -/
 protected def ult (x y : BitVec n) : Bool := x.toNat < y.toNat
 
-instance : LT (BitVec n) where lt := (·.toNat < ·.toNat)
-instance (x y : BitVec n) : Decidable (x < y) :=
-  inferInstanceAs (Decidable (x.toNat < y.toNat))
-
 /--
 Unsigned less-than-or-equal-to for bit vectors.
 
@@ -345,10 +331,6 @@ SMT-Lib name: `bvule`.
 -/
 protected def ule (x y : BitVec n) : Bool := x.toNat ≤ y.toNat
 
-instance : LE (BitVec n) where le := (·.toNat ≤ ·.toNat)
-instance (x y : BitVec n) : Decidable (x ≤ y) :=
-  inferInstanceAs (Decidable (x.toNat ≤ y.toNat))
-
 /--
 Signed less-than for bit vectors.
 
@@ -371,8 +353,8 @@ end relations
 
 section cast
 
-/-- `cast eq i` embeds `i` into an equal `BitVec` type. -/
-@[inline] def cast (eq : n = m) (i : BitVec n) : BitVec m := .ofNatLt i.toNat (eq ▸ i.isLt)
+/-- `cast eq x` embeds `x` into an equal `BitVec` type. -/
+@[inline] def cast (eq : n = m) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec m := .ofNatLt x.toNat (eq ▸ x.isLt)
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_ofNat {n m : Nat} (h : n = m) (x : Nat) :
     cast h (BitVec.ofNat n x) = BitVec.ofNat m x := by
@@ -389,7 +371,7 @@ Extraction of bits `start` to `start + len - 1` from a bit vector of size `n` to
 new bitvector of size `len`. If `start + len > n`, then the vector will be zero-padded in the
 high bits.
 -/
-def extractLsb' (start len : Nat) (a : BitVec n) : BitVec len := .ofNat _ (a.toNat >>> start)
+def extractLsb' (start len : Nat) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec len := .ofNat _ (x.toNat >>> start)
 
 /--
 Extraction of bits `hi` (inclusive) down to `lo` (inclusive) from a bit vector of size `n` to
@@ -397,44 +379,59 @@ yield a new bitvector of size `hi - lo + 1`.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `extract`.
 -/
-def extractLsb (hi lo : Nat) (a : BitVec n) : BitVec (hi - lo + 1) := extractLsb' lo _ a
+def extractLsb (hi lo : Nat) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec (hi - lo + 1) := extractLsb' lo _ x
 
 /--
-A version of `zeroExtend` that requires a proof, but is a noop.
+A version of `setWidth` that requires a proof, but is a noop.
 -/
-def zeroExtend' {n w : Nat} (le : n ≤ w) (x : BitVec n)  : BitVec w :=
+def setWidth' {n w : Nat} (le : n ≤ w) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec w :=
   x.toNat#'(by
     apply Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le x.isLt
     exact Nat.pow_le_pow_of_le_right (by trivial) le)
 
+@[deprecated setWidth' (since := "2024-09-18"), inherit_doc setWidth'] abbrev zeroExtend' := @setWidth'
+
 /--
 `shiftLeftZeroExtend x n` returns `zeroExtend (w+n) x <<< n` without
 needing to compute `x % 2^(2+n)`.
 -/
-def shiftLeftZeroExtend (msbs : BitVec w) (m : Nat) : BitVec (w+m) :=
-  let shiftLeftLt {x : Nat} (p : x < 2^w) (m : Nat) : x <<< m < 2^(w+m) := by
+def shiftLeftZeroExtend (msbs : BitVec w) (m : Nat) : BitVec (w + m) :=
+  let shiftLeftLt {x : Nat} (p : x < 2^w) (m : Nat) : x <<< m < 2^(w + m) := by
         simp [Nat.shiftLeft_eq, Nat.pow_add]
         apply Nat.mul_lt_mul_of_pos_right p
         exact (Nat.two_pow_pos m)
   (msbs.toNat <<< m)#'(shiftLeftLt msbs.isLt m)
 
 /--
-Zero extend vector `x` of length `w` by adding zeros in the high bits until it has length `v`.
-If `v < w` then it truncates the high bits instead.
+Transform `x` of length `w` into a bitvector of length `v`, by either:
+- zero extending, that is, adding zeros in the high bits until it has length `v`, if `v > w`, or
+- truncating the high bits, if `v < w`.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `zero_extend`.
 -/
-def zeroExtend (v : Nat) (x : BitVec w) : BitVec v :=
+def setWidth (v : Nat) (x : BitVec w) : BitVec v :=
   if h : w ≤ v then
-    zeroExtend' h x
+    setWidth' h x
   else
     .ofNat v x.toNat
 
 /--
-Truncate the high bits of bitvector `x` of length `w`, resulting in a vector of length `v`.
-If `v > w` then it zero-extends the vector instead.
+Transform `x` of length `w` into a bitvector of length `v`, by either:
+- zero extending, that is, adding zeros in the high bits until it has length `v`, if `v > w`, or
+- truncating the high bits, if `v < w`.
+
+SMT-Lib name: `zero_extend`.
 -/
-abbrev truncate := @zeroExtend
+abbrev zeroExtend := @setWidth
+
+/--
+Transform `x` of length `w` into a bitvector of length `v`, by either:
+- zero extending, that is, adding zeros in the high bits until it has length `v`, if `v > w`, or
+- truncating the high bits, if `v < w`.
+
+SMT-Lib name: `zero_extend`.
+-/
+abbrev truncate := @setWidth
 
 /--
 Sign extend a vector of length `w`, extending with `i` additional copies of the most significant
@@ -500,24 +497,24 @@ instance : Complement (BitVec w) := ⟨.not⟩
 
 /--
 Left shift for bit vectors. The low bits are filled with zeros. As a numeric operation, this is
-equivalent to `a * 2^s`, modulo `2^n`.
+equivalent to `x * 2^s`, modulo `2^n`.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `bvshl` except this operator uses a `Nat` shift value.
 -/
-protected def shiftLeft (a : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n := BitVec.ofNat n (a.toNat <<< s)
+protected def shiftLeft (x : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n := BitVec.ofNat n (x.toNat <<< s)
 instance : HShiftLeft (BitVec w) Nat (BitVec w) := ⟨.shiftLeft⟩
 
 /--
 (Logical) right shift for bit vectors. The high bits are filled with zeros.
-As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to `a / 2^s`, rounding down.
+As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to `x / 2^s`, rounding down.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `bvlshr` except this operator uses a `Nat` shift value.
 -/
-def ushiftRight (a : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n :=
-  (a.toNat >>> s)#'(by
-  let ⟨a, lt⟩ := a
+def ushiftRight (x : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n :=
+  (x.toNat >>> s)#'(by
+  let ⟨x, lt⟩ := x
   simp only [BitVec.toNat, Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow, Nat.div_lt_iff_lt_mul (Nat.two_pow_pos s)]
-  rw [←Nat.mul_one a]
+  rw [←Nat.mul_one x]
   exact Nat.mul_lt_mul_of_lt_of_le' lt (Nat.two_pow_pos s) (Nat.le_refl 1))
 
 instance : HShiftRight (BitVec w) Nat (BitVec w) := ⟨.ushiftRight⟩
@@ -525,15 +522,24 @@ instance : HShiftRight (BitVec w) Nat (BitVec w) := ⟨.ushiftRight⟩
 /--
 Arithmetic right shift for bit vectors. The high bits are filled with the
 most-significant bit.
-As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to `a.toInt >>> s`.
+As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to `x.toInt >>> s`.
 
 SMT-Lib name: `bvashr` except this operator uses a `Nat` shift value.
 -/
-def sshiftRight (a : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n := .ofInt n (a.toInt >>> s)
+def sshiftRight (x : BitVec n) (s : Nat) : BitVec n := .ofInt n (x.toInt >>> s)
 
 instance {n} : HShiftLeft  (BitVec m) (BitVec n) (BitVec m) := ⟨fun x y => x <<< y.toNat⟩
 instance {n} : HShiftRight (BitVec m) (BitVec n) (BitVec m) := ⟨fun x y => x >>> y.toNat⟩
 
+/--
+Arithmetic right shift for bit vectors. The high bits are filled with the
+most-significant bit.
+As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to `a.toInt >>> s.toNat`.
+
+SMT-Lib name: `bvashr`.
+-/
+def sshiftRight' (a : BitVec n) (s : BitVec m) : BitVec n := a.sshiftRight s.toNat
+
 /-- Auxiliary function for `rotateLeft`, which does not take into account the case where
 the rotation amount is greater than the bitvector width. -/
 def rotateLeftAux (x : BitVec w) (n : Nat) : BitVec w :=
@@ -576,18 +582,16 @@ input is on the left, so `0xAB#8 ++ 0xCD#8 = 0xABCD#16`.
 SMT-Lib name: `concat`.
 -/
 def append (msbs : BitVec n) (lsbs : BitVec m) : BitVec (n+m) :=
-  shiftLeftZeroExtend msbs m ||| zeroExtend' (Nat.le_add_left m n) lsbs
+  shiftLeftZeroExtend msbs m ||| setWidth' (Nat.le_add_left m n) lsbs
 
 instance : HAppend (BitVec w) (BitVec v) (BitVec (w + v)) := ⟨.append⟩
 
 -- TODO: write this using multiplication
 /-- `replicate i x` concatenates `i` copies of `x` into a new vector of length `w*i`. -/
 def replicate : (i : Nat) → BitVec w → BitVec (w*i)
-  | 0,   _ => 0
+  | 0,   _ => 0#0
   | n+1, x =>
-    have hEq : w + w*n = w*(n + 1) := by
-      rw [Nat.mul_add, Nat.add_comm, Nat.mul_one]
-    hEq ▸ (x ++ replicate n x)
+    (x ++ replicate n x).cast (by rw [Nat.mul_succ]; omega)
 
 /-!
 ### Cons and Concat
@@ -601,6 +605,13 @@ result of appending a single bit to the front in the naive implementation).
     That is, the new bit is the least significant bit. -/
 def concat {n} (msbs : BitVec n) (lsb : Bool) : BitVec (n+1) := msbs ++ (ofBool lsb)
 
+/--
+`x.shiftConcat b` shifts all bits of `x` to the left by `1` and sets the least significant bit to `b`.
+It is a non-dependent version of `concat` that does not change the total bitwidth.
+-/
+def shiftConcat (x : BitVec n) (b : Bool) : BitVec n :=
+  (x.concat b).truncate n
+
 /-- Prepend a single bit to the front of a bitvector, using big endian order (see `append`).
     That is, the new bit is the most significant bit. -/
 def cons {n} (msb : Bool) (lsbs : BitVec n) : BitVec (n+1) :=
@@ -636,6 +647,8 @@ section normalization_eqs
 @[simp] theorem add_eq (x y : BitVec w)                   : BitVec.add x y = x + y            := rfl
 @[simp] theorem sub_eq (x y : BitVec w)                   : BitVec.sub x y = x - y            := rfl
 @[simp] theorem mul_eq (x y : BitVec w)                   : BitVec.mul x y = x * y            := rfl
+@[simp] theorem udiv_eq (x y : BitVec w)                  : BitVec.udiv x y = x / y           := rfl
+@[simp] theorem umod_eq (x y : BitVec w)                  : BitVec.umod x y = x % y           := rfl
 @[simp] theorem zero_eq                                   : BitVec.zero n = 0#n               := rfl
 end normalization_eqs
 

src/Init/Data/BitVec/BasicAux.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO, LLC. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Joe Hendrix, Wojciech Nawrocki, Leonardo de Moura, Mario Carneiro, Alex Keizer, Harun Khan, Abdalrhman M Mohamed
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Data.Fin.Basic
+
+set_option linter.missingDocs true
+
+/-!
+This module exists to provide the very basic `BitVec` definitions required for
+`Init.Data.UInt.BasicAux`.
+-/
+
+namespace BitVec
+
+section Nat
+
+/-- The `BitVec` with value `i mod 2^n`. -/
+@[match_pattern]
+protected def ofNat (n : Nat) (i : Nat) : BitVec n where
+  toFin := Fin.ofNat' (2^n) i
+
+instance instOfNat : OfNat (BitVec n) i where ofNat := .ofNat n i
+
+/-- Return the bound in terms of toNat. -/
+theorem isLt (x : BitVec w) : x.toNat < 2^w := x.toFin.isLt
+
+end Nat
+
+section arithmetic
+
+/--
+Addition for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned addition
+modulo `2^n`.
+
+SMT-Lib name: `bvadd`.
+-/
+protected def add (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n := .ofNat n (x.toNat + y.toNat)
+instance : Add (BitVec n) := ⟨BitVec.add⟩
+
+/--
+Subtraction for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned subtraction
+modulo `2^n`.
+-/
+protected def sub (x y : BitVec n) : BitVec n := .ofNat n ((2^n - y.toNat) + x.toNat)
+instance : Sub (BitVec n) := ⟨BitVec.sub⟩
+
+end arithmetic
+
+end BitVec

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Bitblast.lean

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /-
 Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO, LLC. All rights reserved.
 Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
-Authors: Harun Khan, Abdalrhman M Mohamed, Joe Hendrix
+Authors: Harun Khan, Abdalrhman M Mohamed, Joe Hendrix, Siddharth Bhat
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.BitVec.Folds
@@ -18,6 +18,80 @@ as vectors of bits into proofs about Lean `BitVec` values.
 The module is named for the bit-blasting operation in an SMT solver that converts bitvector
 expressions into expressions about individual bits in each vector.
 
+### Example: How bitblasting works for multiplication
+
+We explain how the lemmas here are used for bitblasting,
+by using multiplication as a prototypical example.
+Other bitblasters for other operations follow the same pattern.
+To bitblast a multiplication of the form `x * y`,
+we must unfold the above into a form that the SAT solver understands.
+
+We assume that the solver already knows how to bitblast addition.
+This is known to `bv_decide`, by exploiting the lemma `add_eq_adc`,
+which says that `x + y : BitVec w` equals `(adc x y false).2`,
+where `adc` builds an add-carry circuit in terms of the primitive operations
+(bitwise and, bitwise or, bitwise xor) that bv_decide already understands.
+In this way, we layer bitblasters on top of each other,
+by reducing the multiplication bitblaster to an addition operation.
+
+The core lemma is given by `getLsbD_mul`:
+
+```lean
+ x y : BitVec w ⊢ (x * y).getLsbD i = (mulRec x y w).getLsbD i
+```
+
+Which says that the `i`th bit of `x * y` can be obtained by
+evaluating the `i`th bit of `(mulRec x y w)`.
+Once again, we assume that `bv_decide` knows how to implement `getLsbD`,
+given that `mulRec` can be understood by `bv_decide`.
+
+We write two lemmas to enable `bv_decide` to unfold `(mulRec x y w)`
+into a complete circuit, **when `w` is a known constant**`.
+This is given by two recurrence lemmas, `mulRec_zero_eq` and `mulRec_succ_eq`,
+which are applied repeatedly when the width is `0` and when the width is `w' + 1`:
+
+```lean
+mulRec_zero_eq :
+    mulRec x y 0 =
+      if y.getLsbD 0 then x else 0
+
+mulRec_succ_eq
+    mulRec x y (s + 1) =
+      mulRec x y s +
+      if y.getLsbD (s + 1) then (x <<< (s + 1)) else 0 := rfl
+```
+
+By repeatedly applying the lemmas `mulRec_zero_eq` and `mulRec_succ_eq`,
+one obtains a circuit for multiplication.
+Note that this circuit uses `BitVec.add`, `BitVec.getLsbD`, `BitVec.shiftLeft`.
+Here, `BitVec.add` and `BitVec.shiftLeft` are (recursively) bitblasted by `bv_decide`,
+using the lemmas `add_eq_adc` and `shiftLeft_eq_shiftLeftRec`,
+and `BitVec.getLsbD` is a primitive that `bv_decide` knows how to reduce to SAT.
+
+The two lemmas, `mulRec_zero_eq`, and `mulRec_succ_eq`,
+are used in `Std.Tactic.BVDecide.BVExpr.bitblast.blastMul`
+to prove the correctness of the circuit that is built by `bv_decide`.
+
+```lean
+def blastMul (aig : AIG BVBit) (input : AIG.BinaryRefVec aig w) : AIG.RefVecEntry BVBit w
+theorem denote_blastMul (aig : AIG BVBit) (lhs rhs : BitVec w) (assign : Assignment) :
+   ...
+   ⟦(blastMul aig input).aig, (blastMul aig input).vec.get idx hidx, assign.toAIGAssignment⟧
+     =
+   (lhs * rhs).getLsbD idx
+```
+
+The definition and theorem above are internal to `bv_decide`,
+and use `mulRec_{zero,succ}_eq` to prove that the circuit built by `bv_decide`
+computes the correct value for multiplication.
+
+To zoom out, therefore, we follow two steps:
+First, we prove bitvector lemmas to unfold a high-level operation (such as multiplication)
+into already bitblastable operations (such as addition and left shift).
+We then use these lemmas to prove the correctness of the circuit that `bv_decide` builds.
+
+We use this workflow to implement bitblasting for all SMT-LIB2 operations.
+
 ## Main results
 * `x + y : BitVec w` is `(adc x y false).2`.
 
@@ -28,6 +102,8 @@ https://github.com/mhk119/lean-smt/blob/bitvec/Smt/Data/Bitwise.lean.
 
 -/
 
+set_option linter.missingDocs true
+
 open Nat Bool
 
 namespace Bool
@@ -90,27 +166,58 @@ def carry (i : Nat) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) : Bool :=
   cases c <;> simp [carry, mod_one]
 
 theorem carry_succ (i : Nat) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) :
-    carry (i+1) x y c = atLeastTwo (x.getLsb i) (y.getLsb i) (carry i x y c) := by
-  simp only [carry, mod_two_pow_succ, atLeastTwo, getLsb]
+    carry (i+1) x y c = atLeastTwo (x.getLsbD i) (y.getLsbD i) (carry i x y c) := by
+  simp only [carry, mod_two_pow_succ, atLeastTwo, getLsbD]
   simp only [Nat.pow_succ']
   have sum_bnd : x.toNat%2^i + (y.toNat%2^i + c.toNat) < 2*2^i := by
     simp only [← Nat.pow_succ']
     exact mod_two_pow_add_mod_two_pow_add_bool_lt_two_pow_succ ..
   cases x.toNat.testBit i <;> cases y.toNat.testBit i <;> (simp; omega)
 
+/--
+If `x &&& y = 0`, then the carry bit `(x + y + 0)` is always `false` for any index `i`.
+Intuitively, this is because a carry is only produced when at least two of `x`, `y`, and the
+previous carry are true. However, since `x &&& y = 0`, at most one of `x, y` can be true,
+and thus we never have a previous carry, which means that the sum cannot produce a carry.
+-/
+theorem carry_of_and_eq_zero {x y : BitVec w} (h : x &&& y = 0#w) : carry i x y false = false := by
+  induction i with
+  | zero => simp
+  | succ i ih =>
+    replace h := congrArg (·.getLsbD i) h
+    simp_all [carry_succ]
+
+/-- The final carry bit when computing `x + y + c` is `true` iff `x.toNat + y.toNat + c.toNat ≥ 2^w`. -/
+theorem carry_width {x y : BitVec w} :
+    carry w x y c = decide (x.toNat + y.toNat + c.toNat ≥ 2^w) := by
+  simp [carry]
+
+/--
+If `x &&& y = 0`, then addition does not overflow, and thus `(x + y).toNat = x.toNat + y.toNat`.
+-/
+theorem toNat_add_of_and_eq_zero {x y : BitVec w} (h : x &&& y = 0#w) :
+    (x + y).toNat = x.toNat + y.toNat := by
+  rw [toNat_add]
+  apply Nat.mod_eq_of_lt
+  suffices ¬ decide (x.toNat + y.toNat + false.toNat ≥ 2^w) by
+    simp only [decide_eq_true_eq] at this
+    omega
+  rw [← carry_width]
+  simp [not_eq_true, carry_of_and_eq_zero h]
+
 /-- Carry function for bitwise addition. -/
-def adcb (x y c : Bool) : Bool × Bool := (atLeastTwo x y c, Bool.xor x (Bool.xor y c))
+def adcb (x y c : Bool) : Bool × Bool := (atLeastTwo x y c, x ^^ (y ^^ c))
 
 /-- Bitwise addition implemented via a ripple carry adder. -/
 def adc (x y : BitVec w) : Bool → Bool × BitVec w :=
-  iunfoldr fun (i : Fin w) c => adcb (x.getLsb i) (y.getLsb i) c
+  iunfoldr fun (i : Fin w) c => adcb (x.getLsbD i) (y.getLsbD i) c
 
-theorem getLsb_add_add_bool {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) :
-    getLsb (x + y + zeroExtend w (ofBool c)) i =
-      Bool.xor (getLsb x i) (Bool.xor (getLsb y i) (carry i x y c)) := by
+theorem getLsbD_add_add_bool {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) :
+    getLsbD (x + y + setWidth w (ofBool c)) i =
+      (getLsbD x i ^^ (getLsbD y i ^^ carry i x y c)) := by
   let ⟨x, x_lt⟩ := x
   let ⟨y, y_lt⟩ := y
-  simp only [getLsb, toNat_add, toNat_zeroExtend, i_lt, toNat_ofFin, toNat_ofBool,
+  simp only [getLsbD, toNat_add, toNat_setWidth, i_lt, toNat_ofFin, toNat_ofBool,
     Nat.mod_add_mod, Nat.add_mod_mod]
   apply Eq.trans
   rw [← Nat.div_add_mod x (2^i), ← Nat.div_add_mod y (2^i)]
@@ -126,29 +233,55 @@ theorem getLsb_add_add_bool {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool)
     ]
   simp [testBit_to_div_mod, carry, Nat.add_assoc]
 
-theorem getLsb_add {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) :
-    getLsb (x + y) i =
-      Bool.xor (getLsb x i) (Bool.xor (getLsb y i) (carry i x y false)) := by
-  simpa using getLsb_add_add_bool i_lt x y false
+theorem getLsbD_add {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) :
+    getLsbD (x + y) i =
+      (getLsbD x i ^^ (getLsbD y i ^^ carry i x y false)) := by
+  simpa using getLsbD_add_add_bool i_lt x y false
+
+theorem getElem_add_add_bool {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) :
+    (x + y + setWidth w (ofBool c))[i] =
+      (x[i] ^^ (y[i] ^^ carry i x y c)) := by
+  simp only [← getLsbD_eq_getElem]
+  rw [getLsbD_add_add_bool]
+  omega
+
+theorem getElem_add {i : Nat} (i_lt : i < w) (x y : BitVec w) :
+    (x + y)[i] = (x[i] ^^ (y[i] ^^ carry i x y false)) := by
+  simpa using getElem_add_add_bool i_lt x y false
 
 theorem adc_spec (x y : BitVec w) (c : Bool) :
-    adc x y c = (carry w x y c, x + y + zeroExtend w (ofBool c)) := by
+    adc x y c = (carry w x y c, x + y + setWidth w (ofBool c)) := by
   simp only [adc]
   apply iunfoldr_replace
           (fun i => carry i x y c)
-          (x + y + zeroExtend w (ofBool c))
+          (x + y + setWidth w (ofBool c))
           c
   case init =>
     simp [carry, Nat.mod_one]
     cases c <;> rfl
   case step =>
-    simp [adcb, Prod.mk.injEq, carry_succ, getLsb_add_add_bool]
+    simp [adcb, Prod.mk.injEq, carry_succ, getLsbD_add_add_bool]
 
 theorem add_eq_adc (w : Nat) (x y : BitVec w) : x + y = (adc x y false).snd := by
   simp [adc_spec]
 
 /-! ### add -/
 
+theorem getMsbD_add {i : Nat} {i_lt : i < w} {x y : BitVec w} :
+    getMsbD (x + y) i =
+      Bool.xor (getMsbD x i) (Bool.xor (getMsbD y i) (carry (w - 1 - i) x y false)) := by
+  simp [getMsbD, getLsbD_add, i_lt, show w - 1 - i < w by omega]
+
+theorem msb_add {w : Nat} {x y: BitVec w} :
+    (x + y).msb =
+      Bool.xor x.msb (Bool.xor y.msb (carry (w - 1) x y false)) := by
+  simp only [BitVec.msb, BitVec.getMsbD]
+  by_cases h : w ≤ 0
+  · simp [h, show w = 0 by omega]
+  · rw [getLsbD_add (x := x)]
+    simp [show w > 0 by omega]
+    omega
+
 /-- Adding a bitvector to its own complement yields the all ones bitpattern -/
 @[simp] theorem add_not_self (x : BitVec w) : x + ~~~x = allOnes w := by
   rw [add_eq_adc, adc, iunfoldr_replace (fun _ => false) (allOnes w)]
@@ -164,37 +297,57 @@ theorem add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero {w : Nat} (x y : BitVec w)
     (h : x &&& y = 0#w) : x + y = x ||| y := by
   rw [add_eq_adc, adc, iunfoldr_replace (fun _ => false) (x ||| y)]
   · rfl
-  · simp only [adcb, atLeastTwo, Bool.and_false, Bool.or_false, bne_false, getLsb_or,
+  · simp only [adcb, atLeastTwo, Bool.and_false, Bool.or_false, bne_false, getLsbD_or,
     Prod.mk.injEq, and_eq_false_imp]
     intros i
-    replace h : (x &&& y).getLsb i = (0#w).getLsb i := by rw [h]
-    simp only [getLsb_and, getLsb_zero, and_eq_false_imp] at h
+    replace h : (x &&& y).getLsbD i = (0#w).getLsbD i := by rw [h]
+    simp only [getLsbD_and, getLsbD_zero, and_eq_false_imp] at h
     constructor
     · intros hx
       simp_all [hx]
-    · by_cases hx : x.getLsb i <;> simp_all [hx]
+    · by_cases hx : x.getLsbD i <;> simp_all [hx]
+
+/-! ### Sub-/
+
+theorem getLsbD_sub {i : Nat} {i_lt : i < w} {x y : BitVec w} :
+    (x - y).getLsbD i
+      = (x.getLsbD i ^^ ((~~~y + 1#w).getLsbD i ^^ carry i x (~~~y + 1#w) false)) := by
+  rw [sub_toAdd, BitVec.neg_eq_not_add, getLsbD_add]
+  omega
+
+theorem getMsbD_sub {i : Nat} {i_lt : i < w} {x y : BitVec w} :
+    (x - y).getMsbD i =
+      (x.getMsbD i ^^ ((~~~y + 1).getMsbD i ^^ carry (w - 1 - i) x (~~~y + 1) false)) := by
+  rw [sub_toAdd, neg_eq_not_add, getMsbD_add]
+  · rfl
+  · omega
+
+theorem msb_sub {x y: BitVec w} :
+    (x - y).msb
+      = (x.msb ^^ ((~~~y + 1#w).msb ^^ carry (w - 1 - 0) x (~~~y + 1#w) false)) := by
+  simp [sub_toAdd, BitVec.neg_eq_not_add, msb_add]
 
 /-! ### Negation -/
 
 theorem bit_not_testBit (x : BitVec w) (i : Fin w) :
-  getLsb (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd) i.val = !(getLsb x i.val) := by
-  apply iunfoldr_getLsb (fun _ => ()) i (by simp)
+  getLsbD (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd) i.val = !(getLsbD x i.val) := by
+  apply iunfoldr_getLsbD (fun _ => ()) i (by simp)
 
 theorem bit_not_add_self (x : BitVec w) :
-  ((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd + x  = -1 := by
+  ((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd + x  = -1 := by
   simp only [add_eq_adc]
   apply iunfoldr_replace_snd (fun _ => false) (-1) false rfl
   intro i; simp only [ BitVec.not, adcb, testBit_toNat]
-  rw [iunfoldr_replace_snd (fun _ => ()) (((iunfoldr (fun i c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd)]
-  <;> simp [bit_not_testBit, negOne_eq_allOnes, getLsb_allOnes]
+  rw [iunfoldr_replace_snd (fun _ => ()) (((iunfoldr (fun i c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd)]
+  <;> simp [bit_not_testBit, negOne_eq_allOnes, getLsbD_allOnes]
 
 theorem bit_not_eq_not (x : BitVec w) :
-  ((iunfoldr (fun i c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd = ~~~ x := by
+  ((iunfoldr (fun i c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd = ~~~ x := by
   simp [←allOnes_sub_eq_not, BitVec.eq_sub_iff_add_eq.mpr (bit_not_add_self x), ←negOne_eq_allOnes]
 
-theorem bit_neg_eq_neg (x : BitVec w) : -x = (adc (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd) (BitVec.ofNat w 1) false).snd:= by
+theorem bit_neg_eq_neg (x : BitVec w) : -x = (adc (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd) (BitVec.ofNat w 1) false).snd:= by
   simp only [← add_eq_adc]
-  rw [iunfoldr_replace_snd ((fun _ => ())) (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsb i)))) ()).snd) _ rfl]
+  rw [iunfoldr_replace_snd ((fun _ => ())) (((iunfoldr (fun (i : Fin w) c => (c, !(x.getLsbD i)))) ()).snd) _ rfl]
   · rw [BitVec.eq_sub_iff_add_eq.mpr (bit_not_add_self x), sub_toAdd, BitVec.add_comm _ (-x)]
     simp [← sub_toAdd, BitVec.sub_add_cancel]
   · simp [bit_not_testBit x _]
@@ -256,74 +409,660 @@ theorem sle_eq_carry (x y : BitVec w) :
 A recurrence that describes multiplication as repeated addition.
 Is useful for bitblasting multiplication.
 -/
-def mulRec (l r : BitVec w) (s : Nat) : BitVec w :=
-  let cur := if r.getLsb s then (l <<< s) else 0
+def mulRec (x y : BitVec w) (s : Nat) : BitVec w :=
+  let cur := if y.getLsbD s then (x <<< s) else 0
   match s with
   | 0 => cur
-  | s + 1 => mulRec l r s + cur
+  | s + 1 => mulRec x y s + cur
 
-theorem mulRec_zero_eq (l r : BitVec w) :
-    mulRec l r 0 = if r.getLsb 0 then l else 0 := by
+theorem mulRec_zero_eq (x y : BitVec w) :
+    mulRec x y 0 = if y.getLsbD 0 then x else 0 := by
   simp [mulRec]
 
-theorem mulRec_succ_eq (l r : BitVec w) (s : Nat) :
-    mulRec l r (s + 1) = mulRec l r s + if r.getLsb (s + 1) then (l <<< (s + 1)) else 0 := rfl
+theorem mulRec_succ_eq (x y : BitVec w) (s : Nat) :
+    mulRec x y (s + 1) = mulRec x y s + if y.getLsbD (s + 1) then (x <<< (s + 1)) else 0 := rfl
 
 /--
 Recurrence lemma: truncating to `i+1` bits and then zero extending to `w`
 equals truncating upto `i` bits `[0..i-1]`, and then adding the `i`th bit of `x`.
 -/
-theorem zeroExtend_truncate_succ_eq_zeroExtend_truncate_add_twoPow (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
-    zeroExtend w (x.truncate (i + 1)) =
-      zeroExtend w (x.truncate i) + (x &&& twoPow w i) := by
+theorem setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
+    setWidth w (x.setWidth (i + 1)) =
+      setWidth w (x.setWidth i) + (x &&& twoPow w i) := by
   rw [add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero]
   · ext k
-    simp only [getLsb_zeroExtend, Fin.is_lt, decide_True, Bool.true_and, getLsb_or, getLsb_and]
+    simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_True, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
     by_cases hik : i = k
     · subst hik
       simp
-    · simp only [getLsb_twoPow, hik, decide_False, Bool.and_false, Bool.or_false]
+    · simp only [getLsbD_twoPow, hik, decide_False, Bool.and_false, Bool.or_false]
       by_cases hik' : k < (i + 1)
       · have hik'' : k < i := by omega
         simp [hik', hik'']
       · have hik'' : ¬ (k < i) := by omega
         simp [hik', hik'']
   · ext k
-    simp
-    omega
+    simp only [and_twoPow, getLsbD_and, getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_True, Bool.true_and,
+      getLsbD_zero, and_eq_false_imp, and_eq_true, decide_eq_true_eq, and_imp]
+    by_cases hi : x.getLsbD i <;> simp [hi] <;> omega
+
+@[deprecated setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow (since := "2024-09-18"),
+  inherit_doc setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow]
+abbrev zeroExtend_truncate_succ_eq_zeroExtend_truncate_add_twoPow :=
+  @setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow
 
 /--
-Recurrence lemma: multiplying `l` with the first `s` bits of `r` is the
-same as truncating `r` to `s` bits, then zero extending to the original length,
+Recurrence lemma: multiplying `x` with the first `s` bits of `y` is the
+same as truncating `y` to `s` bits, then zero extending to the original length,
 and performing the multplication. -/
-theorem mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_truncate (l r : BitVec w) (s : Nat) :
-    mulRec l r s = l * ((r.truncate (s + 1)).zeroExtend w) := by
+theorem mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth (x y : BitVec w) (s : Nat) :
+    mulRec x y s = x * ((y.setWidth (s + 1)).setWidth w) := by
   induction s
   case zero =>
     simp only [mulRec_zero_eq, ofNat_eq_ofNat, Nat.reduceAdd]
-    by_cases r.getLsb 0
-    case pos hr =>
-      simp only [hr, ↓reduceIte, truncate, zeroExtend_one_eq_ofBool_getLsb_zero,
-        hr, ofBool_true, ofNat_eq_ofNat]
-      rw [zeroExtend_ofNat_one_eq_ofNat_one_of_lt (by omega)]
+    by_cases y.getLsbD 0
+    case pos hy =>
+      simp only [hy, ↓reduceIte, setWidth_one_eq_ofBool_getLsb_zero,
+        ofBool_true, ofNat_eq_ofNat]
+      rw [setWidth_ofNat_one_eq_ofNat_one_of_lt (by omega)]
       simp
-    case neg hr =>
-      simp [hr, zeroExtend_one_eq_ofBool_getLsb_zero]
+    case neg hy =>
+      simp [hy, setWidth_one_eq_ofBool_getLsb_zero]
   case succ s' hs =>
     rw [mulRec_succ_eq, hs]
     have heq :
-      (if r.getLsb (s' + 1) = true then l <<< (s' + 1) else 0) =
-        (l * (r &&& (BitVec.twoPow w (s' + 1)))) := by
-      simp only [ofNat_eq_ofNat, and_twoPow_eq]
-      by_cases hr : r.getLsb (s' + 1) <;> simp [hr]
-    rw [heq, ← BitVec.mul_add, ← zeroExtend_truncate_succ_eq_zeroExtend_truncate_add_twoPow]
+      (if y.getLsbD (s' + 1) = true then x <<< (s' + 1) else 0) =
+        (x * (y &&& (BitVec.twoPow w (s' + 1)))) := by
+      simp only [ofNat_eq_ofNat, and_twoPow]
+      by_cases hy : y.getLsbD (s' + 1) <;> simp [hy]
+    rw [heq, ← BitVec.mul_add, ← setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow]
 
-theorem getLsb_mul (x y : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
-    (x * y).getLsb i = (mulRec x y w).getLsb i := by
-  simp only [mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_truncate]
-  rw [truncate, ← truncate_eq_zeroExtend, ← truncate_eq_zeroExtend,
-    truncate_truncate_of_le]
+@[deprecated mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth (since := "2024-09-18"),
+  inherit_doc mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth]
+abbrev mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_truncate := @mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth
+
+theorem getLsbD_mul (x y : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
+    (x * y).getLsbD i = (mulRec x y w).getLsbD i := by
+  simp only [mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth]
+  rw [setWidth_setWidth_of_le]
   · simp
   · omega
 
+theorem getElem_mul {x y : BitVec w} {i : Nat} (h : i < w) :
+    (x * y)[i] = (mulRec x y w)[i] := by
+  simp [mulRec_eq_mul_signExtend_setWidth]
+
+/-! ## shiftLeft recurrence for bitblasting -/
+
+/--
+`shiftLeftRec x y n` shifts `x` to the left by the first `n` bits of `y`.
+
+The theorem `shiftLeft_eq_shiftLeftRec` proves the equivalence of `(x <<< y)` and `shiftLeftRec`.
+
+Together with equations `shiftLeftRec_zero`, `shiftLeftRec_succ`,
+this allows us to unfold `shiftLeft` into a circuit for bitblasting.
+ -/
+def shiftLeftRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) : BitVec w₁ :=
+  let shiftAmt := (y &&& (twoPow w₂ n))
+  match n with
+  | 0 => x <<< shiftAmt
+  | n + 1 => (shiftLeftRec x y n) <<< shiftAmt
+
+@[simp]
+theorem shiftLeftRec_zero {x : BitVec w₁} {y : BitVec w₂} :
+    shiftLeftRec x y 0 = x <<< (y &&& twoPow w₂ 0)  := by
+  simp [shiftLeftRec]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem shiftLeftRec_succ {x : BitVec w₁} {y : BitVec w₂} :
+    shiftLeftRec x y (n + 1) = (shiftLeftRec x y n) <<< (y &&& twoPow w₂ (n + 1)) := by
+  simp [shiftLeftRec]
+
+/--
+If `y &&& z = 0`, `x <<< (y ||| z) = x <<< y <<< z`.
+This follows as `y &&& z = 0` implies `y ||| z = y + z`,
+and thus `x <<< (y ||| z) = x <<< (y + z) = x <<< y <<< z`.
+-/
+theorem shiftLeft_or_of_and_eq_zero {x : BitVec w₁} {y z : BitVec w₂}
+    (h : y &&& z = 0#w₂) :
+    x <<< (y ||| z) = x <<< y <<< z := by
+  rw [← add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero _ _ h,
+    shiftLeft_eq', toNat_add_of_and_eq_zero h]
+  simp [shiftLeft_add]
+
+/--
+`shiftLeftRec x y n` shifts `x` to the left by the first `n` bits of `y`.
+-/
+theorem shiftLeftRec_eq {x : BitVec w₁} {y : BitVec w₂} {n : Nat} :
+    shiftLeftRec x y n = x <<< (y.setWidth (n + 1)).setWidth w₂ := by
+  induction n generalizing x y
+  case zero =>
+    ext i
+    simp only [shiftLeftRec_zero, twoPow_zero, Nat.reduceAdd, setWidth_one,
+      and_one_eq_setWidth_ofBool_getLsbD]
+  case succ n ih =>
+    simp only [shiftLeftRec_succ, and_twoPow]
+    rw [ih]
+    by_cases h : y.getLsbD (n + 1)
+    · simp only [h, ↓reduceIte]
+      rw [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_or_twoPow_of_getLsbD_true h,
+        shiftLeft_or_of_and_eq_zero]
+      simp [and_twoPow]
+    · simp only [h, false_eq_true, ↓reduceIte, shiftLeft_zero']
+      rw [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_of_getLsbD_false (i := n + 1)]
+      simp [h]
+
+/--
+Show that `x <<< y` can be written in terms of `shiftLeftRec`.
+This can be unfolded in terms of `shiftLeftRec_zero`, `shiftLeftRec_succ` for bitblasting.
+-/
+theorem shiftLeft_eq_shiftLeftRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    x <<< y = shiftLeftRec x y (w₂ - 1) := by
+  rcases w₂ with rfl | w₂
+  · simp [of_length_zero]
+  · simp [shiftLeftRec_eq]
+
+/-! # udiv/urem recurrence for bitblasting
+
+In order to prove the correctness of the division algorithm on the integers,
+one shows that `n.div d = q` and `n.mod d = r` iff `n = d * q + r` and `0 ≤ r < d`.
+Mnemonic: `n` is the numerator, `d` is the denominator, `q` is the quotient, and `r` the remainder.
+
+This *uniqueness of decomposition* is not true for bitvectors.
+For `n = 0, d = 3, w = 3`, we can write:
+- `0 = 0 * 3 + 0` (`q = 0`, `r = 0 < 3`.)
+- `0 = 2 * 3 + 2 = 6 + 2 ≃ 0 (mod 8)` (`q = 2`, `r = 2 < 3`).
+
+Such examples can be created by choosing different `(q, r)` for a fixed `(d, n)`
+such that `(d * q + r)` overflows and wraps around to equal `n`.
+
+This tells us that the division algorithm must have more restrictions than just the ones
+we have for integers. These restrictions are captured in `DivModState.Lawful`.
+The key idea is to state the relationship in terms of the toNat values of {n, d, q, r}.
+If the division equation `d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat = n.toNat` holds,
+then `n.udiv d = q` and `n.umod d = r`.
+
+Following this, we implement the division algorithm by repeated shift-subtract.
+
+References:
+- Fast 32-bit Division on the DSP56800E: Minimized nonrestoring division algorithm by David Baca
+- Bitwuzla sources for bitblasting.h
+-/
+
+private theorem Nat.div_add_eq_left_of_lt {x y z : Nat} (hx : z ∣ x) (hy : y < z) (hz : 0 < z) :
+    (x + y) / z = x / z := by
+  refine Nat.div_eq_of_lt_le ?lo ?hi
+  · apply Nat.le_trans
+    · exact div_mul_le_self x z
+    · omega
+  · simp only [succ_eq_add_one, Nat.add_mul, Nat.one_mul]
+    apply Nat.add_lt_add_of_le_of_lt
+    · apply Nat.le_of_eq
+      exact (Nat.div_eq_iff_eq_mul_left hz hx).mp rfl
+    · exact hy
+
+/-- If the division equation `d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat = n.toNat` holds,
+then `n.udiv d = q`. -/
+theorem udiv_eq_of_mul_add_toNat {d n q r : BitVec w} (hd : 0 < d)
+    (hrd : r < d)
+    (hdqnr : d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat = n.toNat) :
+    n / d = q := by
+  apply BitVec.eq_of_toNat_eq
+  rw [toNat_udiv]
+  replace hdqnr : (d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat) / d.toNat = n.toNat / d.toNat := by
+    simp [hdqnr]
+  rw [Nat.div_add_eq_left_of_lt] at hdqnr
+  · rw [← hdqnr]
+    exact mul_div_right q.toNat hd
+  · exact Nat.dvd_mul_right d.toNat q.toNat
+  · exact hrd
+  · exact hd
+
+/-- If the division equation `d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat = n.toNat` holds,
+then `n.umod d = r`. -/
+theorem umod_eq_of_mul_add_toNat {d n q r : BitVec w} (hrd : r < d)
+    (hdqnr : d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat = n.toNat) :
+    n % d = r := by
+  apply BitVec.eq_of_toNat_eq
+  rw [toNat_umod]
+  replace hdqnr : (d.toNat * q.toNat + r.toNat) % d.toNat = n.toNat % d.toNat := by
+    simp [hdqnr]
+  rw [Nat.add_mod, Nat.mul_mod_right] at hdqnr
+  simp only [Nat.zero_add, mod_mod] at hdqnr
+  replace hrd : r.toNat < d.toNat := by
+    simpa [BitVec.lt_def] using hrd
+  rw [Nat.mod_eq_of_lt hrd] at hdqnr
+  simp [hdqnr]
+
+/-! ### DivModState -/
+
+/-- `DivModState` is a structure that maintains the state of recursive `divrem` calls. -/
+structure DivModState (w : Nat) : Type where
+  /-- The number of bits in the numerator that are not yet processed -/
+  wn : Nat
+  /-- The number of bits in the remainder (and quotient) -/
+  wr : Nat
+  /-- The current quotient. -/
+  q : BitVec w
+  /-- The current remainder. -/
+  r : BitVec w
+
+
+/-- `DivModArgs` contains the arguments to a `divrem` call which remain constant throughout
+execution. -/
+structure DivModArgs (w : Nat) where
+  /-- the numerator (aka, dividend) -/
+  n : BitVec w
+  /-- the denumerator (aka, divisor)-/
+  d : BitVec w
+
+/-- A `DivModState` is lawful if the remainder width `wr` plus the numerator width `wn` equals `w`,
+and the bitvectors `r` and `n` have values in the bounds given by bitwidths `wr`, resp. `wn`.
+
+This is a proof engineering choice: an alternative world could have been
+`r : BitVec wr` and `n : BitVec wn`, but this required much more dependent typing coercions.
+
+Instead, we choose to declare all involved bitvectors as length `w`, and then prove that
+the values are within their respective bounds.
+
+We start with `wn = w` and `wr = 0`, and then in each step, we decrement `wn` and increment `wr`.
+In this way, we grow a legal remainder in each loop iteration.
+-/
+structure DivModState.Lawful {w : Nat} (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) : Prop where
+  /-- The sum of widths of the dividend and remainder is `w`. -/
+  hwrn : qr.wr + qr.wn = w
+  /-- The denominator is positive. -/
+  hdPos : 0 < args.d
+  /-- The remainder is strictly less than the denominator. -/
+  hrLtDivisor : qr.r.toNat < args.d.toNat
+  /-- The remainder is morally a `Bitvec wr`, and so has value less than `2^wr`. -/
+  hrWidth : qr.r.toNat < 2^qr.wr
+  /-- The quotient is morally a `Bitvec wr`, and so has value less than `2^wr`. -/
+  hqWidth : qr.q.toNat < 2^qr.wr
+  /-- The low `(w - wn)` bits of `n` obey the invariant for division. -/
+  hdiv : args.n.toNat >>> qr.wn = args.d.toNat * qr.q.toNat + qr.r.toNat
+
+/-- A lawful DivModState implies `w > 0`. -/
+def DivModState.Lawful.hw {args : DivModArgs w} {qr : DivModState w}
+    {h : DivModState.Lawful args qr} : 0 < w := by
+  have hd := h.hdPos
+  rcases w with rfl | w
+  · have hcontra : args.d = 0#0 := by apply Subsingleton.elim
+    rw [hcontra] at hd
+    simp at hd
+  · omega
+
+/-- An initial value with both `q, r = 0`. -/
+def DivModState.init (w : Nat) : DivModState w := {
+  wn := w
+  wr := 0
+  q := 0#w
+  r := 0#w
+}
+
+/-- The initial state is lawful. -/
+def DivModState.lawful_init {w : Nat} (args : DivModArgs w) (hd : 0#w < args.d) :
+    DivModState.Lawful args (DivModState.init w) := by
+  simp only [BitVec.DivModState.init]
+  exact {
+    hwrn := by simp only; omega,
+    hdPos := by assumption
+    hrLtDivisor := by simp [BitVec.lt_def] at hd ⊢; assumption
+    hrWidth := by simp [DivModState.init],
+    hqWidth := by simp [DivModState.init],
+    hdiv := by
+      simp only [DivModState.init, toNat_ofNat, zero_mod, Nat.mul_zero, Nat.add_zero];
+      rw [Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow]
+      apply Nat.div_eq_of_lt args.n.isLt
+  }
+
+/--
+A lawful DivModState with a fully consumed dividend (`wn = 0`) witnesses that the
+quotient has been correctly computed.
+-/
+theorem DivModState.udiv_eq_of_lawful {n d : BitVec w} {qr : DivModState w}
+    (h_lawful : DivModState.Lawful {n, d} qr)
+    (h_final  : qr.wn = 0) :
+    n / d = qr.q := by
+  apply udiv_eq_of_mul_add_toNat h_lawful.hdPos h_lawful.hrLtDivisor
+  have hdiv := h_lawful.hdiv
+  simp only [h_final] at *
+  omega
+
+/--
+A lawful DivModState with a fully consumed dividend (`wn = 0`) witnesses that the
+remainder has been correctly computed.
+-/
+theorem DivModState.umod_eq_of_lawful {qr : DivModState w}
+    (h : DivModState.Lawful {n, d} qr)
+    (h_final  : qr.wn = 0) :
+    n % d = qr.r := by
+  apply umod_eq_of_mul_add_toNat h.hrLtDivisor
+  have hdiv := h.hdiv
+  simp only [shiftRight_zero] at hdiv
+  simp only [h_final] at *
+  exact hdiv.symm
+
+/-! ### DivModState.Poised -/
+
+/--
+A `Poised` DivModState is a state which is `Lawful` and furthermore, has at least
+one numerator bit left to process `(0 < wn)`
+
+The input to the shift subtractor is a legal input to `divrem`, and we also need to have an
+input bit to perform shift subtraction on, and thus we need `0 < wn`.
+-/
+structure DivModState.Poised {w : Nat} (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w)
+  extends DivModState.Lawful args qr : Type where
+  /-- Only perform a round of shift-subtract if we have dividend bits. -/
+  hwn_lt : 0 < qr.wn
+
+/--
+In the shift subtract input, the dividend is at least one bit long (`wn > 0`), so
+the remainder has bits to be computed (`wr < w`).
+-/
+def DivModState.wr_lt_w {qr : DivModState w} (h : qr.Poised args) : qr.wr < w := by
+  have hwrn := h.hwrn
+  have hwn_lt := h.hwn_lt
+  omega
+
+/-! ### Division shift subtractor -/
+
+/--
+One round of the division algorithm, that tries to perform a subtract shift.
+Note that this should only be called when `r.msb = false`, so we will not overflow.
+-/
+def divSubtractShift (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) : DivModState w :=
+  let {n, d} := args
+  let wn := qr.wn - 1
+  let wr := qr.wr + 1
+  let r' := shiftConcat qr.r (n.getLsbD wn)
+  if r' < d then {
+    q := qr.q.shiftConcat false, -- If `r' < d`, then we do not have a quotient bit.
+    r := r'
+    wn, wr
+  } else {
+    q := qr.q.shiftConcat true, -- Otherwise, `r' ≥ d`, and we have a quotient bit.
+    r := r' - d -- we subtract to maintain the invariant that `r < d`.
+    wn, wr
+  }
+
+/-- The value of shifting right by `wn - 1` equals shifting by `wn` and grabbing the lsb at `(wn - 1)`. -/
+theorem DivModState.toNat_shiftRight_sub_one_eq
+    {args : DivModArgs w} {qr : DivModState w} (h : qr.Poised args) :
+    args.n.toNat >>> (qr.wn - 1)
+    = (args.n.toNat >>> qr.wn) * 2 + (args.n.getLsbD (qr.wn - 1)).toNat := by
+  show BitVec.toNat (args.n >>> (qr.wn - 1)) = _
+  have {..} := h -- break the structure down for `omega`
+  rw [shiftRight_sub_one_eq_shiftConcat args.n h.hwn_lt]
+  rw [toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (k := w - qr.wn)]
+  · simp
+  · omega
+  · apply BitVec.toNat_ushiftRight_lt
+    omega
+
+/--
+This is used when proving the correctness of the division algorithm,
+where we know that `r < d`.
+We then want to show that `((r.shiftConcat b) - d) < d` as the loop invariant.
+In arithmetic, this is the same as showing that
+`r * 2 + 1 - d < d`, which this theorem establishes.
+-/
+private theorem two_mul_add_sub_lt_of_lt_of_lt_two (h : a < x) (hy : y < 2) :
+    2 * a + y - x < x := by omega
+
+/-- We show that the output of `divSubtractShift` is lawful, which tells us that it
+obeys the division equation. -/
+theorem lawful_divSubtractShift (qr : DivModState w) (h : qr.Poised args) :
+    DivModState.Lawful args (divSubtractShift args qr) := by
+  rcases args with ⟨n, d⟩
+  simp only [divSubtractShift, decide_eq_true_eq]
+  -- We add these hypotheses for `omega` to find them later.
+  have ⟨⟨hrwn, hd, hrd, hr, hn, hrnd⟩, hwn_lt⟩ := h
+  have : d.toNat * (qr.q.toNat * 2) = d.toNat * qr.q.toNat * 2 := by rw [Nat.mul_assoc]
+  by_cases rltd : shiftConcat qr.r (n.getLsbD (qr.wn - 1)) < d
+  · simp only [rltd, ↓reduceIte]
+    constructor <;> try bv_omega
+    case pos.hrWidth => apply toNat_shiftConcat_lt_of_lt <;> omega
+    case pos.hqWidth => apply toNat_shiftConcat_lt_of_lt <;> omega
+    case pos.hdiv =>
+      simp [qr.toNat_shiftRight_sub_one_eq h, h.hdiv, this,
+        toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (qr.wr_lt_w h) h.hrWidth,
+        toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (qr.wr_lt_w h) h.hqWidth]
+      omega
+  · simp only [rltd, ↓reduceIte]
+    constructor <;> try bv_omega
+    case neg.hrLtDivisor =>
+      simp only [lt_def, Nat.not_lt] at rltd
+      rw [BitVec.toNat_sub_of_le rltd,
+        toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (hk := qr.wr_lt_w h) (hx := h.hrWidth),
+        Nat.mul_comm]
+      apply two_mul_add_sub_lt_of_lt_of_lt_two <;> bv_omega
+    case neg.hrWidth =>
+      simp only
+      have hdr' : d ≤ (qr.r.shiftConcat (n.getLsbD (qr.wn - 1))) :=
+        BitVec.not_lt_iff_le.mp rltd
+      have hr' : ((qr.r.shiftConcat (n.getLsbD (qr.wn - 1)))).toNat < 2 ^ (qr.wr + 1) := by
+        apply toNat_shiftConcat_lt_of_lt <;> bv_omega
+      rw [BitVec.toNat_sub_of_le hdr']
+      omega
+    case neg.hqWidth =>
+      apply toNat_shiftConcat_lt_of_lt <;> omega
+    case neg.hdiv =>
+      have rltd' := (BitVec.not_lt_iff_le.mp rltd)
+      simp only [qr.toNat_shiftRight_sub_one_eq h,
+        BitVec.toNat_sub_of_le rltd',
+        toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (qr.wr_lt_w h) h.hrWidth]
+      simp only [BitVec.le_def,
+        toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (qr.wr_lt_w h) h.hrWidth] at rltd'
+      simp only [toNat_shiftConcat_eq_of_lt (qr.wr_lt_w h) h.hqWidth, h.hdiv, Nat.mul_add]
+      bv_omega
+
+/-! ### Core division algorithm circuit -/
+
+/-- A recursive definition of division for bitblasting, in terms of a shift-subtraction circuit. -/
+def divRec {w : Nat} (m : Nat) (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) :
+    DivModState w :=
+  match m with
+  | 0 => qr
+  | m + 1 => divRec m args <| divSubtractShift args qr
+
+@[simp]
+theorem divRec_zero (qr : DivModState w) :
+    divRec 0 args qr = qr := rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem divRec_succ (m : Nat) (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) :
+    divRec (m + 1) args qr =
+      divRec m args (divSubtractShift args qr) := rfl
+
+/-- The output of `divRec` is a lawful state -/
+theorem lawful_divRec {args : DivModArgs w} {qr : DivModState w}
+    (h : DivModState.Lawful args qr) :
+    DivModState.Lawful args (divRec qr.wn args qr) := by
+  generalize hm : qr.wn = m
+  induction m generalizing qr
+  case zero =>
+    exact h
+  case succ wn' ih =>
+    simp only [divRec_succ]
+    apply ih
+    · apply lawful_divSubtractShift
+      constructor
+      · assumption
+      · omega
+    · simp only [divSubtractShift, hm]
+      split <;> rfl
+
+/-- The output of `divRec` has no more bits left to process (i.e., `wn = 0`) -/
+@[simp]
+theorem wn_divRec (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) :
+    (divRec qr.wn args qr).wn = 0 := by
+  generalize hm : qr.wn = m
+  induction m generalizing qr
+  case zero =>
+    assumption
+  case succ wn' ih =>
+    apply ih
+    simp only [divSubtractShift, hm]
+    split <;> rfl
+
+/-- The result of `udiv` agrees with the result of the division recurrence. -/
+theorem udiv_eq_divRec (hd : 0#w < d) :
+    let out := divRec w {n, d} (DivModState.init w)
+    n / d = out.q := by
+  have := DivModState.lawful_init {n, d} hd
+  have := lawful_divRec this
+  apply DivModState.udiv_eq_of_lawful this (wn_divRec ..)
+
+/-- The result of `umod` agrees with the result of the division recurrence. -/
+theorem umod_eq_divRec (hd : 0#w < d) :
+    let out := divRec w {n, d} (DivModState.init w)
+    n % d = out.r := by
+  have := DivModState.lawful_init {n, d} hd
+  have := lawful_divRec this
+  apply DivModState.umod_eq_of_lawful this (wn_divRec ..)
+
+theorem divRec_succ' (m : Nat) (args : DivModArgs w) (qr : DivModState w) :
+    divRec (m+1) args qr =
+    let wn := qr.wn - 1
+    let wr := qr.wr + 1
+    let r' := shiftConcat qr.r (args.n.getLsbD wn)
+    let input : DivModState _ :=
+      if r' < args.d then {
+        q := qr.q.shiftConcat false,
+        r := r'
+        wn, wr
+      } else {
+        q := qr.q.shiftConcat true,
+        r := r' - args.d
+        wn, wr
+      }
+    divRec m args input := by
+  simp [divRec_succ, divSubtractShift]
+
+/- ### Arithmetic shift right (sshiftRight) recurrence -/
+
+/--
+`sshiftRightRec x y n` shifts `x` arithmetically/signed to the right by the first `n` bits of `y`.
+The theorem `sshiftRight_eq_sshiftRightRec` proves the equivalence of `(x.sshiftRight y)` and `sshiftRightRec`.
+Together with equations `sshiftRightRec_zero`, `sshiftRightRec_succ`,
+this allows us to unfold `sshiftRight` into a circuit for bitblasting.
+-/
+def sshiftRightRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) : BitVec w₁ :=
+  let shiftAmt := (y &&& (twoPow w₂ n))
+  match n with
+  | 0 => x.sshiftRight' shiftAmt
+  | n + 1 => (sshiftRightRec x y n).sshiftRight' shiftAmt
+
+@[simp]
+theorem sshiftRightRec_zero_eq (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    sshiftRightRec x y 0 = x.sshiftRight' (y &&& 1#w₂) := by
+  simp only [sshiftRightRec, twoPow_zero]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem sshiftRightRec_succ_eq (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) :
+    sshiftRightRec x y (n + 1) = (sshiftRightRec x y n).sshiftRight' (y &&& twoPow w₂ (n + 1)) := by
+  simp [sshiftRightRec]
+
+/--
+If `y &&& z = 0`, `x.sshiftRight (y ||| z) = (x.sshiftRight y).sshiftRight z`.
+This follows as `y &&& z = 0` implies `y ||| z = y + z`,
+and thus `x.sshiftRight (y ||| z) = x.sshiftRight (y + z) = (x.sshiftRight y).sshiftRight z`.
+-/
+theorem sshiftRight'_or_of_and_eq_zero {x : BitVec w₁} {y z : BitVec w₂}
+    (h : y &&& z = 0#w₂) :
+    x.sshiftRight' (y ||| z) = (x.sshiftRight' y).sshiftRight' z := by
+  simp [sshiftRight', ← add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero _ _ h,
+    toNat_add_of_and_eq_zero h, sshiftRight_add]
+
+theorem sshiftRightRec_eq (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) :
+    sshiftRightRec x y n = x.sshiftRight' ((y.setWidth (n + 1)).setWidth w₂) := by
+  induction n generalizing x y
+  case zero =>
+    ext i
+    simp [twoPow_zero, Nat.reduceAdd, and_one_eq_setWidth_ofBool_getLsbD, setWidth_one]
+  case succ n ih =>
+    simp only [sshiftRightRec_succ_eq, and_twoPow, ih]
+    by_cases h : y.getLsbD (n + 1)
+    · rw [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_or_twoPow_of_getLsbD_true h,
+        sshiftRight'_or_of_and_eq_zero (by simp [and_twoPow]), h]
+      simp
+    · rw [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_of_getLsbD_false (i := n + 1)
+        (by simp [h])]
+      simp [h]
+
+/--
+Show that `x.sshiftRight y` can be written in terms of `sshiftRightRec`.
+This can be unfolded in terms of `sshiftRightRec_zero_eq`, `sshiftRightRec_succ_eq` for bitblasting.
+-/
+theorem sshiftRight_eq_sshiftRightRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    (x.sshiftRight' y).getLsbD i = (sshiftRightRec x y (w₂ - 1)).getLsbD i := by
+  rcases w₂ with rfl | w₂
+  · simp [of_length_zero]
+  · simp [sshiftRightRec_eq]
+
+/- ### Logical shift right (ushiftRight) recurrence for bitblasting -/
+
+/--
+`ushiftRightRec x y n` shifts `x` logically to the right by the first `n` bits of `y`.
+
+The theorem `shiftRight_eq_ushiftRightRec` proves the equivalence
+of `(x >>> y)` and `ushiftRightRec`.
+
+Together with equations `ushiftRightRec_zero`, `ushiftRightRec_succ`,
+this allows us to unfold `ushiftRight` into a circuit for bitblasting.
+-/
+def ushiftRightRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) : BitVec w₁ :=
+  let shiftAmt := (y &&& (twoPow w₂ n))
+  match n with
+  | 0 => x >>> shiftAmt
+  | n + 1 => (ushiftRightRec x y n) >>> shiftAmt
+
+@[simp]
+theorem ushiftRightRec_zero (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    ushiftRightRec x y 0 = x >>> (y &&& twoPow w₂ 0) := by
+  simp [ushiftRightRec]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem ushiftRightRec_succ (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    ushiftRightRec x y (n + 1) = (ushiftRightRec x y n) >>> (y &&& twoPow w₂ (n + 1)) := by
+  simp [ushiftRightRec]
+
+/--
+If `y &&& z = 0`, `x >>> (y ||| z) = x >>> y >>> z`.
+This follows as `y &&& z = 0` implies `y ||| z = y + z`,
+and thus `x >>> (y ||| z) = x >>> (y + z) = x >>> y >>> z`.
+-/
+theorem ushiftRight'_or_of_and_eq_zero {x : BitVec w₁} {y z : BitVec w₂}
+    (h : y &&& z = 0#w₂) :
+    x >>> (y ||| z) = x >>> y >>> z := by
+  simp [← add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero _ _ h, toNat_add_of_and_eq_zero h, shiftRight_add]
+
+theorem ushiftRightRec_eq (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) (n : Nat) :
+    ushiftRightRec x y n = x >>> (y.setWidth (n + 1)).setWidth w₂ := by
+  induction n generalizing x y
+  case zero =>
+    ext i
+    simp only [ushiftRightRec_zero, twoPow_zero, Nat.reduceAdd,
+      and_one_eq_setWidth_ofBool_getLsbD, setWidth_one]
+  case succ n ih =>
+    simp only [ushiftRightRec_succ, and_twoPow]
+    rw [ih]
+    by_cases h : y.getLsbD (n + 1) <;> simp only [h, ↓reduceIte]
+    · rw [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_or_twoPow_of_getLsbD_true h,
+        ushiftRight'_or_of_and_eq_zero]
+      simp [and_twoPow]
+    · simp [setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_of_getLsbD_false, h]
+
+/--
+Show that `x >>> y` can be written in terms of `ushiftRightRec`.
+This can be unfolded in terms of `ushiftRightRec_zero`, `ushiftRightRec_succ` for bitblasting.
+-/
+theorem shiftRight_eq_ushiftRightRec (x : BitVec w₁) (y : BitVec w₂) :
+    x >>> y = ushiftRightRec x y (w₂ - 1) := by
+  rcases w₂ with rfl | w₂
+  · simp [of_length_zero]
+  · simp [ushiftRightRec_eq]
+
 end BitVec

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Folds.lean

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import Init.Data.BitVec.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Nat.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Fin.Iterate
 
+set_option linter.missingDocs true
+
 namespace BitVec
 
 /--
@@ -39,24 +41,24 @@ theorem iunfoldr.fst_eq
 private theorem iunfoldr.eq_test
     {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α) (value : BitVec w) (a : α)
     (init : state 0 = a)
-    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsb i.val)) :
+    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsbD i.val)) :
     iunfoldr f a = (state w, BitVec.truncate w value) := by
   apply Fin.hIterate_eq (fun i => ((state i, BitVec.truncate i value) : α × BitVec i))
   case init =>
     simp only [init, eq_nil]
   case step =>
     intro i
-    simp_all [truncate_succ]
+    simp_all [setWidth_succ]
 
-theorem iunfoldr_getLsb' {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α)
+theorem iunfoldr_getLsbD' {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α)
     (ind : ∀(i : Fin w), (f i (state i.val)).fst = state (i.val+1)) :
-  (∀ i : Fin w, getLsb (iunfoldr f (state 0)).snd i.val = (f i (state i.val)).snd)
+  (∀ i : Fin w, getLsbD (iunfoldr f (state 0)).snd i.val = (f i (state i.val)).snd)
   ∧ (iunfoldr f (state 0)).fst = state w := by
   unfold iunfoldr
   simp
   apply Fin.hIterate_elim
         (fun j (p : α × BitVec j) => (hj : j ≤ w) →
-         (∀ i : Fin j,  getLsb p.snd i.val = (f ⟨i.val, Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le i.isLt hj⟩ (state i.val)).snd)
+         (∀ i : Fin j,  getLsbD p.snd i.val = (f ⟨i.val, Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le i.isLt hj⟩ (state i.val)).snd)
           ∧ p.fst = state j)
   case hj => simp
   case init =>
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ theorem iunfoldr_getLsb' {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α)
     apply And.intro
     case left =>
       intro i
-      simp only [getLsb_cons]
+      simp only [getLsbD_cons]
       have hj2 : j.val ≤ w := by simp
       cases (Nat.lt_or_eq_of_le (Nat.lt_succ.mp i.isLt)) with
       | inl h3 => simp [if_neg, (Nat.ne_of_lt h3)]
@@ -88,10 +90,10 @@ theorem iunfoldr_getLsb' {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α)
       rw [← ind j, ← (ih hj2).2]
 
 
-theorem iunfoldr_getLsb {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α) (i : Fin w)
+theorem iunfoldr_getLsbD {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α) (i : Fin w)
     (ind : ∀(i : Fin w), (f i (state i.val)).fst = state (i.val+1)) :
-  getLsb (iunfoldr f (state 0)).snd i.val = (f i (state i.val)).snd := by
-  exact (iunfoldr_getLsb' state ind).1 i
+  getLsbD (iunfoldr f (state 0)).snd i.val = (f i (state i.val)).snd := by
+  exact (iunfoldr_getLsbD' state ind).1 i
 
 /--
 Correctness theorem for `iunfoldr`.
@@ -99,14 +101,14 @@ Correctness theorem for `iunfoldr`.
 theorem iunfoldr_replace
     {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α) (value : BitVec w) (a : α)
     (init : state 0 = a)
-    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsb i.val)) :
+    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsbD i.val)) :
     iunfoldr f a = (state w, value) := by
   simp [iunfoldr.eq_test state value a init step]
 
 theorem iunfoldr_replace_snd
   {f : Fin w → α → α × Bool} (state : Nat → α) (value : BitVec w) (a : α)
     (init : state 0 = a)
-    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsb i.val)) :
+    (step : ∀(i : Fin w), f i (state i.val) = (state (i.val+1), value.getLsbD i.val)) :
     (iunfoldr f a).snd = value := by
   simp [iunfoldr.eq_test state value a init step]
 

src/Init/Data/Bool.lean

@@ -4,18 +4,15 @@ Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
 Authors: F. G. Dorais
 -/
 prelude
-import Init.BinderPredicates
+import Init.NotationExtra
+
+
+namespace Bool
 
 /-- Boolean exclusive or -/
 abbrev xor : Bool → Bool → Bool := bne
 
-namespace Bool
-
-/- Namespaced versions that can be used instead of prefixing `_root_` -/
-@[inherit_doc not] protected abbrev not := not
-@[inherit_doc or]  protected abbrev or  := or
-@[inherit_doc and] protected abbrev and := and
-@[inherit_doc xor] protected abbrev xor := xor
+@[inherit_doc] infixl:33 " ^^ " => xor
 
 instance (p : Bool → Prop) [inst : DecidablePred p] : Decidable (∀ x, p x) :=
   match inst true, inst false with
@@ -55,10 +52,16 @@ theorem eq_iff_iff {a b : Bool} : a = b ↔ (a ↔ b) := by cases b <;> simp
 theorem decide_true_eq  {b : Bool} [Decidable (true = b)]  : decide (true  = b) =  b := by cases b <;> simp
 theorem decide_false_eq {b : Bool} [Decidable (false = b)] : decide (false = b) = !b := by cases b <;> simp
 
+-- These lemmas assist with confluence.
+@[simp] theorem eq_false_imp_eq_true_iff :
+    ∀ (a b : Bool), ((a = false → b = true) ↔ (b = false → a = true)) = True := by decide
+@[simp] theorem eq_true_imp_eq_false_iff :
+    ∀ (a b : Bool), ((a = true → b = false) ↔ (b = true → a = false)) = True := by decide
+
 /-! ### and -/
 
-@[simp] theorem and_self_left  : ∀(a b : Bool), (a && (a && b)) = (a && b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem and_self_right : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a && b) && b) = (a && b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_self_left  : ∀ (a b : Bool), (a && (a && b)) = (a && b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_self_right : ∀ (a b : Bool), ((a && b) && b) = (a && b) := by decide
 
 @[simp] theorem not_and_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (!x && x) = false := by decide
 @[simp] theorem and_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x && !x) = false := by decide
@@ -70,8 +73,8 @@ Added for confluence with `not_and_self` `and_not_self` on term
 1. `(b = true ∨ !b = true)` via `Bool.and_eq_true`
 2. `false = true` via `Bool.and_not_self`
 -/
-@[simp] theorem eq_true_and_eq_false_self : ∀(b : Bool), (b = true ∧ b = false) ↔ False := by decide
-@[simp] theorem eq_false_and_eq_true_self : ∀(b : Bool), (b = false ∧ b = true) ↔ False := by decide
+@[simp] theorem eq_true_and_eq_false_self : ∀ (b : Bool), (b = true ∧ b = false) ↔ False := by decide
+@[simp] theorem eq_false_and_eq_true_self : ∀ (b : Bool), (b = false ∧ b = true) ↔ False := by decide
 
 theorem and_comm : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x && y) = (y && x) := by decide
 instance : Std.Commutative (· && ·) := ⟨and_comm⟩
@@ -86,15 +89,20 @@ Needed for confluence of term `(a && b) ↔ a` which reduces to `(a && b) = a` v
 `Bool.coe_iff_coe` and `a → b` via `Bool.and_eq_true` and
 `and_iff_left_iff_imp`.
 -/
-@[simp] theorem and_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a && b) = a) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem and_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a && b) = b) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem iff_self_and : ∀(a b : Bool), (a = (a && b)) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem iff_and_self : ∀(a b : Bool), (b = (a && b)) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a && b) = a) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a && b) = b) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_self_and : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (a = (a && b)) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_and_self : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (b = (a && b)) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
+
+@[simp] theorem not_and_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((!a && b) = a) ↔ !a ∧ !b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_not_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a && !b) = b) ↔ !a ∧ !b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_not_self_and : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (a = (!a && b)) ↔ !a ∧ !b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_and_not_self : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (b = (a && !b)) ↔ !a ∧ !b := by decide
 
 /-! ### or -/
 
-@[simp] theorem or_self_left  : ∀(a b : Bool), (a || (a || b)) = (a || b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem or_self_right : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a || b) || b) = (a || b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_self_left  : ∀ (a b : Bool), (a || (a || b)) = (a || b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_self_right : ∀ (a b : Bool), ((a || b) || b) = (a || b) := by decide
 
 @[simp] theorem not_or_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (!x || x) = true := by decide
 @[simp] theorem or_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x || !x) = true := by decide
@@ -115,10 +123,15 @@ Needed for confluence of term `(a || b) ↔ a` which reduces to `(a || b) = a` v
 `Bool.coe_iff_coe` and `a → b` via `Bool.or_eq_true` and
 `and_iff_left_iff_imp`.
 -/
-@[simp] theorem or_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a || b) = a) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem or_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a || b) = b) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem iff_self_or : ∀(a b : Bool), (a = (a || b)) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem iff_or_self : ∀(a b : Bool), (b = (a || b)) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a || b) = a) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a || b) = b) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_self_or : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (a = (a || b)) ↔ (b → a) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_or_self : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (b = (a || b)) ↔ (a → b) := by decide
+
+@[simp] theorem not_or_iff_left_iff_imp  : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((!a || b) = a) ↔ a ∧ b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_not_iff_right_iff_imp : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((a || !b) = b) ↔ a ∧ b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_not_self_or : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (a = (!a || b)) ↔ a ∧ b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem iff_or_not_self : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (b = (a || !b)) ↔ a ∧ b := by decide
 
 theorem or_comm : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x || y) = (y || x) := by decide
 instance : Std.Commutative (· || ·) := ⟨or_comm⟩
@@ -134,8 +147,8 @@ theorem and_or_distrib_right : ∀ (x y z : Bool), ((x || y) && z) = (x && z ||
 theorem or_and_distrib_left  : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x || y && z) = ((x || y) && (x || z)) := by decide
 theorem or_and_distrib_right : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x && y || z) = ((x || z) && (y || z)) := by decide
 
-theorem and_xor_distrib_left : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x && xor y z) = xor (x && y) (x && z) := by decide
-theorem and_xor_distrib_right : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (xor x y && z) = xor (x && z) (y && z) := by decide
+theorem and_xor_distrib_left  : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x && (y ^^ z)) = ((x && y) ^^ (x && z)) := by decide
+theorem and_xor_distrib_right : ∀ (x y z : Bool), ((x ^^ y) && z) = ((x && z) ^^ (y && z)) := by decide
 
 /-- De Morgan's law for boolean and -/
 @[simp] theorem not_and : ∀ (x y : Bool), (!(x && y)) = (!x || !y) := by decide
@@ -143,10 +156,10 @@ theorem and_xor_distrib_right : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (xor x y && z) = xor (x && z
 /-- De Morgan's law for boolean or -/
 @[simp] theorem not_or : ∀ (x y : Bool), (!(x || y)) = (!x && !y) := by decide
 
-theorem and_eq_true_iff (x y : Bool) : (x && y) = true ↔ x = true ∧ y = true :=
+theorem and_eq_true_iff {x y : Bool} : (x && y) = true ↔ x = true ∧ y = true :=
   Iff.of_eq (and_eq_true x y)
 
-theorem and_eq_false_iff : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x && y) = false ↔ x = false ∨ y = false := by decide
+theorem and_eq_false_iff : ∀ {x y : Bool}, (x && y) = false ↔ x = false ∨ y = false := by decide
 
 /-
 New simp rule that replaces `Bool.and_eq_false_eq_eq_false_or_eq_false` in
@@ -161,11 +174,11 @@ Consider the term: `¬((b && c) = true)`:
 1. Further reduces to `b = false ∨ c = false` via `Bool.and_eq_false_eq_eq_false_or_eq_false`.
 2. Further reduces to `b = true → c = false` via `not_and` and `Bool.not_eq_true`.
 -/
-@[simp] theorem and_eq_false_imp : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x && y) = false ↔ (x = true → y = false) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem and_eq_false_imp : ∀ {x y : Bool}, (x && y) = false ↔ (x = true → y = false) := by decide
 
-theorem or_eq_true_iff : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x || y) = true ↔ x = true ∨ y = true := by simp
+theorem or_eq_true_iff : ∀ {x y : Bool}, (x || y) = true ↔ x = true ∨ y = true := by simp
 
-@[simp] theorem or_eq_false_iff : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x || y) = false ↔ x = false ∧ y = false := by decide
+@[simp] theorem or_eq_false_iff : ∀ {x y : Bool}, (x || y) = false ↔ x = false ∧ y = false := by decide
 
 /-! ### eq/beq/bne -/
 
@@ -202,8 +215,11 @@ instance : Std.LawfulIdentity (· != ·) false where
 @[simp] theorem not_beq_self : ∀ (x : Bool), ((!x) == x) = false := by decide
 @[simp] theorem beq_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x   == !x) = false := by decide
 
-@[simp] theorem not_bne_self : ∀ (x : Bool), ((!x) != x) = true := by decide
-@[simp] theorem bne_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x   != !x) = true := by decide
+@[simp] theorem not_bne : ∀ (a b : Bool), ((!a) != b) = !(a != b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem bne_not : ∀ (a b : Bool), (a != !b) = !(a != b) := by decide
+
+theorem not_bne_self : ∀ (x : Bool), ((!x) != x) = true := by decide
+theorem bne_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x   != !x) = true := by decide
 
 /-
 Added for equivalence with `Bool.not_beq_self` and needed for confluence
@@ -217,13 +233,13 @@ due to `beq_iff_eq`.
 @[simp] theorem bne_self_left  : ∀(a b : Bool), (a != (a != b)) = b := by decide
 @[simp] theorem bne_self_right : ∀(a b : Bool), ((a != b) != b) = a := by decide
 
-@[simp] theorem not_bne_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), ((!x) != (!y)) = (x != y) := by decide
+theorem not_bne_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), ((!x) != (!y)) = (x != y) := by simp
 
 @[simp] theorem bne_assoc : ∀ (x y z : Bool), ((x != y) != z) = (x != (y != z)) := by decide
 instance : Std.Associative (· != ·) := ⟨bne_assoc⟩
 
-@[simp] theorem bne_left_inj  : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x != y) = (x != z) ↔ y = z := by decide
-@[simp] theorem bne_right_inj : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x != z) = (y != z) ↔ x = y := by decide
+@[simp] theorem bne_left_inj  : ∀ {x y z : Bool}, (x != y) = (x != z) ↔ y = z := by decide
+@[simp] theorem bne_right_inj : ∀ {x y z : Bool}, (x != z) = (y != z) ↔ x = y := by decide
 
 theorem eq_not_of_ne : ∀ {x y : Bool}, x ≠ y → x = !y := by decide
 
@@ -235,54 +251,53 @@ theorem beq_eq_decide_eq [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] [DecidableEq α] (a b : α) :
   · simp [ne_of_beq_false h]
   · simp [eq_of_beq h]
 
-@[simp] theorem not_eq_not : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ¬a = !b ↔ a = b := by decide
+theorem eq_not : ∀ {a b : Bool}, (a = (!b)) ↔ (a ≠ b) := by decide
+theorem not_eq : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ((!a) = b) ↔ (a ≠ b) := by decide
 
-@[simp] theorem not_not_eq : ∀ {a b : Bool}, ¬(!a) = b ↔ a = b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem coe_iff_coe : ∀{a b : Bool}, (a ↔ b) ↔ a = b := by decide
 
-@[simp] theorem coe_iff_coe : ∀(a b : Bool), (a ↔ b) ↔ a = b := by decide
-
-@[simp] theorem coe_true_iff_false  : ∀(a b : Bool), (a ↔ b = false) ↔ a = (!b) := by decide
-@[simp] theorem coe_false_iff_true  : ∀(a b : Bool), (a = false ↔ b) ↔ (!a) = b := by decide
-@[simp] theorem coe_false_iff_false : ∀(a b : Bool), (a = false ↔ b = false) ↔ (!a) = (!b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem coe_true_iff_false  : ∀{a b : Bool}, (a ↔ b = false) ↔ a = (!b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem coe_false_iff_true  : ∀{a b : Bool}, (a = false ↔ b) ↔ (!a) = b := by decide
+@[simp] theorem coe_false_iff_false : ∀{a b : Bool}, (a = false ↔ b = false) ↔ (!a) = (!b) := by decide
 
 /-! ### beq properties -/
 
 theorem beq_comm {α} [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a b : α} : (a == b) = (b == a) :=
-  (Bool.coe_iff_coe (a == b) (b == a)).mp (by simp [@eq_comm α])
+  Bool.coe_iff_coe.mp (by simp [@eq_comm α])
 
 /-! ### xor -/
 
-theorem false_xor : ∀ (x : Bool), xor false x = x := false_bne
+theorem false_xor : ∀ (x : Bool), (false ^^ x) = x := false_bne
 
-theorem xor_false : ∀ (x : Bool), xor x false = x := bne_false
+theorem xor_false : ∀ (x : Bool), (x ^^ false) = x := bne_false
 
-theorem true_xor : ∀ (x : Bool), xor true x = !x := true_bne
+theorem true_xor : ∀ (x : Bool), (true ^^ x) = !x := true_bne
 
-theorem xor_true : ∀ (x : Bool), xor x true = !x := bne_true
+theorem xor_true : ∀ (x : Bool), (x ^^ true) = !x := bne_true
 
-theorem not_xor_self : ∀ (x : Bool), xor (!x) x = true := not_bne_self
+theorem not_xor_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (!x ^^ x) = true := not_bne_self
 
-theorem xor_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), xor x (!x) = true := bne_not_self
+theorem xor_not_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x ^^ !x) = true := bne_not_self
 
-theorem not_xor : ∀ (x y : Bool), xor (!x) y = !(xor x y) := by decide
+theorem not_xor : ∀ (x y : Bool), (!x ^^ y) = !(x ^^ y) := by decide
 
-theorem xor_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), xor x (!y) = !(xor x y) := by decide
+theorem xor_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x ^^ !y) = !(x ^^ y) := by decide
 
-theorem not_xor_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), xor (!x) (!y) = (xor x y) := not_bne_not
+theorem not_xor_not : ∀ (x y : Bool), (!x ^^ !y) = (x ^^ y) := not_bne_not
 
-theorem xor_self : ∀ (x : Bool), xor x x = false := by decide
+theorem xor_self : ∀ (x : Bool), (x ^^ x) = false := by decide
 
-theorem xor_comm : ∀ (x y : Bool), xor x y = xor y x := by decide
+theorem xor_comm : ∀ (x y : Bool), (x ^^ y) = (y ^^ x) := by decide
 
-theorem xor_left_comm : ∀ (x y z : Bool), xor x (xor y z) = xor y (xor x z) := by decide
+theorem xor_left_comm : ∀ (x y z : Bool), (x ^^ (y ^^ z)) = (y ^^ (x ^^ z)) := by decide
 
-theorem xor_right_comm : ∀ (x y z : Bool), xor (xor x y) z = xor (xor x z) y := by decide
+theorem xor_right_comm : ∀ (x y z : Bool), ((x ^^ y) ^^ z) = ((x ^^ z) ^^ y) := by decide
 
-theorem xor_assoc : ∀ (x y z : Bool), xor (xor x y) z = xor x (xor y z) := bne_assoc
+theorem xor_assoc : ∀ (x y z : Bool), ((x ^^ y) ^^ z) = (x ^^ (y ^^ z)) := bne_assoc
 
-theorem xor_left_inj : ∀ (x y z : Bool), xor x y = xor x z ↔ y = z := bne_left_inj
+theorem xor_left_inj : ∀ {x y z : Bool}, (x ^^ y) = (x ^^ z) ↔ y = z := bne_left_inj
 
-theorem xor_right_inj : ∀ (x y z : Bool), xor x z = xor y z ↔ x = y := bne_right_inj
+theorem xor_right_inj : ∀ {x y z : Bool}, (x ^^ z) = (y ^^ z) ↔ x = y := bne_right_inj
 
 /-! ### le/lt -/
 
@@ -353,22 +368,20 @@ theorem and_or_inj_left_iff :
 /-- convert a `Bool` to a `Nat`, `false -> 0`, `true -> 1` -/
 def toNat (b : Bool) : Nat := cond b 1 0
 
-@[simp] theorem toNat_false : false.toNat = 0 := rfl
+@[simp, bv_toNat] theorem toNat_false : false.toNat = 0 := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem toNat_true : true.toNat = 1 := rfl
+@[simp, bv_toNat] theorem toNat_true : true.toNat = 1 := rfl
 
 theorem toNat_le (c : Bool) : c.toNat ≤ 1 := by
   cases c <;> trivial
 
-@[deprecated toNat_le (since := "2024-02-23")]
-abbrev toNat_le_one := toNat_le
-
+@[bv_toNat]
 theorem toNat_lt (b : Bool) : b.toNat < 2 :=
   Nat.lt_succ_of_le (toNat_le _)
 
-@[simp] theorem toNat_eq_zero (b : Bool) : b.toNat = 0 ↔ b = false := by
+@[simp] theorem toNat_eq_zero {b : Bool} : b.toNat = 0 ↔ b = false := by
   cases b <;> simp
-@[simp] theorem toNat_eq_one  (b : Bool) : b.toNat = 1 ↔ b = true := by
+@[simp] theorem toNat_eq_one  {b : Bool} : b.toNat = 1 ↔ b = true := by
   cases b <;> simp
 
 /-! ### ite -/
@@ -393,6 +406,13 @@ theorem toNat_lt (b : Bool) : b.toNat < 2 :=
     (ite p t f = false) = ite p (t = false) (f = false) := by
   cases h with | _ p => simp [p]
 
+@[simp] theorem ite_eq_false : (if b = false then p else q) ↔ if b then q else p := by
+  cases b <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem ite_eq_true_else_eq_false {q : Prop} :
+    (if b = true then q else b = false) ↔ (b = true → q) := by
+  cases b <;> simp
+
 /-
 `not_ite_eq_true_eq_true` and related theorems below are added for
 non-confluence.  A motivating example is
@@ -407,37 +427,57 @@ lemmas.
 -/
 
 @[simp]
-theorem not_ite_eq_true_eq_true (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (b c : Bool) :
+theorem not_ite_eq_true_eq_true {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] {b c : Bool} :
   ¬(ite p (b = true) (c = true)) ↔ (ite p (b = false) (c = false)) := by
   cases h with | _ p => simp [p]
 
 @[simp]
-theorem not_ite_eq_false_eq_false (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (b c : Bool) :
+theorem not_ite_eq_false_eq_false {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] {b c : Bool} :
   ¬(ite p (b = false) (c = false)) ↔ (ite p (b = true) (c = true)) := by
   cases h with | _ p => simp [p]
 
 @[simp]
-theorem not_ite_eq_true_eq_false (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (b c : Bool) :
+theorem not_ite_eq_true_eq_false {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] {b c : Bool} :
   ¬(ite p (b = true) (c = false)) ↔ (ite p (b = false) (c = true)) := by
   cases h with | _ p => simp [p]
 
 @[simp]
-theorem not_ite_eq_false_eq_true (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (b c : Bool) :
+theorem not_ite_eq_false_eq_true {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] {b c : Bool} :
   ¬(ite p (b = false) (c = true)) ↔ (ite p (b = true) (c = false)) := by
   cases h with | _ p => simp [p]
 
 /-
-Added for confluence between `if_true_left` and `ite_false_same` on
-`if b = true then True else b = true`
+It would be nice to have this for confluence between `if_true_left` and `ite_false_same` on
+`if b = true then True else b = true`.
+However the discrimination tree key is just `→`, so this is tried too often.
 -/
-@[simp] theorem eq_false_imp_eq_true : ∀(b:Bool), (b = false → b = true) ↔ (b = true) := by decide
+theorem eq_false_imp_eq_true : ∀ {b : Bool}, (b = false → b = true) ↔ (b = true) := by decide
 
 /-
-Added for confluence between `if_true_left` and `ite_false_same` on
-`if b = false then True else b = false`
+It would be nice to have this for confluence between `if_true_left` and `ite_false_same` on
+`if b = false then True else b = false`.
+However the discrimination tree key is just `→`, so this is tried too often.
 -/
-@[simp] theorem eq_true_imp_eq_false : ∀(b:Bool), (b = true → b = false) ↔ (b = false) := by decide
+theorem eq_true_imp_eq_false : ∀ {b : Bool}, (b = true → b = false) ↔ (b = false) := by decide
 
+/-! ### forall -/
+
+theorem forall_bool' {p : Bool → Prop} (b : Bool) : (∀ x, p x) ↔ p b ∧ p !b :=
+  ⟨fun h ↦ ⟨h _, h _⟩, fun ⟨h₁, h₂⟩ x ↦ by cases b <;> cases x <;> assumption⟩
+
+@[simp]
+theorem forall_bool {p : Bool → Prop} : (∀ b, p b) ↔ p false ∧ p true :=
+  forall_bool' false
+
+/-! ### exists -/
+
+theorem exists_bool' {p : Bool → Prop} (b : Bool) : (∃ x, p x) ↔ p b ∨ p !b :=
+  ⟨fun ⟨x, hx⟩ ↦ by cases x <;> cases b <;> first | exact .inl ‹_› | exact .inr ‹_›,
+    fun h ↦ by cases h <;> exact ⟨_, ‹_›⟩⟩
+
+@[simp]
+theorem exists_bool {p : Bool → Prop} : (∃ b, p b) ↔ p false ∨ p true :=
+  exists_bool' false
 
 /-! ### cond -/
 
@@ -451,6 +491,11 @@ theorem cond_eq_if : (bif b then x else y) = (if b then x else y) := cond_eq_ite
 
 @[simp] theorem cond_self (c : Bool) (t : α) : cond c t t = t := by cases c <;> rfl
 
+/-- If the return values are propositions, there is no harm in simplifying a `bif` to an `if`. -/
+@[simp] theorem cond_prop {b : Bool} {p q : Prop} :
+    (bif b then p else q) ↔ if b then p else q := by
+  cases b <;> simp
+
 /-
 This is a simp rule in Mathlib, but results in non-confluence that is difficult
 to fix as decide distributes over propositions. As an example, observe that
@@ -468,11 +513,11 @@ theorem cond_decide {α} (p : Prop) [Decidable p] (t e : α) :
     cond (decide p) t e = if p then t else e := by
   simp [cond_eq_ite]
 
-@[simp] theorem cond_eq_ite_iff (a : Bool) (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (x y u v : α) :
+@[simp] theorem cond_eq_ite_iff {a : Bool} {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] {x y u v : α} :
   (cond a x y = ite p u v) ↔ ite a x y = ite p u v := by
   simp [Bool.cond_eq_ite]
 
-@[simp] theorem ite_eq_cond_iff (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (a : Bool) (x y u v : α) :
+@[simp] theorem ite_eq_cond_iff {p : Prop} {a : Bool} [h : Decidable p] {x y u v : α} :
   (ite p x y = cond a u v) ↔ ite p x y = ite a u v := by
   simp [Bool.cond_eq_ite]
 
@@ -491,6 +536,10 @@ protected theorem cond_false {α : Type u} {a b : α} : cond false a b = b := co
 @[simp] theorem cond_true_right  : ∀(c t : Bool), cond c t true  = (!c || t) := by decide
 @[simp] theorem cond_false_right : ∀(c t : Bool), cond c t false = ( c && t) := by decide
 
+-- These restore confluence between the above lemmas and `cond_not`.
+@[simp] theorem cond_true_not_same  : ∀ (c b : Bool), cond c (!c) b = (!c && b) := by decide
+@[simp] theorem cond_false_not_same : ∀ (c b : Bool), cond c b (!c) = (!c || b) := by decide
+
 @[simp] theorem cond_true_same  : ∀(c b : Bool), cond c c b = (c || b) := by decide
 @[simp] theorem cond_false_same : ∀(c b : Bool), cond c b c = (c && b) := by decide
 
@@ -504,7 +553,7 @@ theorem apply_cond (f : α → β) {b : Bool} {a a' : α} :
     f (bif b then a else a') = bif b then f a else f a' := by
   cases b <;> simp
 
-/-# decidability -/
+/-! # decidability -/
 
 protected theorem decide_coe (b : Bool) [Decidable (b = true)] : decide (b = true) = b := decide_eq_true
 
@@ -520,9 +569,24 @@ protected theorem decide_coe (b : Bool) [Decidable (b = true)] : decide (b = tru
     decide (p ↔ q) = (decide p == decide q) := by
   cases dp with | _ p => simp [p]
 
+@[boolToPropSimps]
+theorem and_eq_decide (p q : Prop) [dpq : Decidable (p ∧ q)] [dp : Decidable p] [dq : Decidable q] :
+    (p && q) = decide (p ∧ q) := by
+  cases dp with | _ p => simp [p]
+
+@[boolToPropSimps]
+theorem or_eq_decide (p q : Prop) [dpq : Decidable (p ∨ q)] [dp : Decidable p] [dq : Decidable q] :
+    (p || q) = decide (p ∨ q) := by
+  cases dp with | _ p => simp [p]
+
+@[boolToPropSimps]
+theorem decide_beq_decide (p q : Prop) [dpq : Decidable (p ↔ q)] [dp : Decidable p] [dq : Decidable q] :
+    (decide p == decide q) = decide (p ↔ q) := by
+  cases dp with | _ p => simp [p]
+
 end Bool
 
-export Bool (cond_eq_if)
+export Bool (cond_eq_if xor and or not)
 
 /-! ### decide -/
 
@@ -531,3 +595,19 @@ export Bool (cond_eq_if)
 
 @[simp] theorem true_eq_decide_iff {p : Prop} [h : Decidable p] : true = decide p ↔ p := by
   cases h with | _ q => simp [q]
+
+/-! ### coercions -/
+
+/--
+This should not be turned on globally as an instance because it degrades performance in Mathlib,
+but may be used locally.
+-/
+def boolPredToPred : Coe (α → Bool) (α  → Prop) where
+  coe r := fun a => Eq (r a) true
+
+/--
+This should not be turned on globally as an instance because it degrades performance in Mathlib,
+but may be used locally.
+-/
+def boolRelToRel : Coe (α → α → Bool) (α → α → Prop) where
+  coe r := fun a b => Eq (r a b) true

src/Init/Data/ByteArray/Basic.lean

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ def push : ByteArray → UInt8 → ByteArray
 def size : (@& ByteArray) → Nat
   | ⟨bs⟩ => bs.size
 
+@[extern "lean_sarray_size", simp]
+def usize (a : @& ByteArray) : USize :=
+  a.size.toUSize
+
 @[extern "lean_byte_array_uget"]
 def uget : (a : @& ByteArray) → (i : USize) → i.toNat < a.size → UInt8
   | ⟨bs⟩, i, h => bs[i]
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ def toList (bs : ByteArray) : List UInt8 :=
   TODO: avoid code duplication in the future after we improve the compiler.
 -/
 @[inline] unsafe def forInUnsafe {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (as : ByteArray) (b : β) (f : UInt8 → β → m (ForInStep β)) : m β :=
-  let sz := USize.ofNat as.size
+  let sz := as.usize
   let rec @[specialize] loop (i : USize) (b : β) : m β := do
     if i < sz then
       let a := as.uget i lcProof
@@ -187,6 +191,137 @@ def foldlM {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (f : β → UInt8 →
 def foldl {β : Type v} (f : β → UInt8 → β) (init : β) (as : ByteArray) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : β :=
   Id.run <| as.foldlM f init start stop
 
+/-- Iterator over the bytes (`UInt8`) of a `ByteArray`.
+
+Typically created by `arr.iter`, where `arr` is a `ByteArray`.
+
+An iterator is *valid* if the position `i` is *valid* for the array `arr`, meaning `0 ≤ i ≤ arr.size`
+
+Most operations on iterators return arbitrary values if the iterator is not valid. The functions in
+the `ByteArray.Iterator` API should rule out the creation of invalid iterators, with two exceptions:
+
+- `Iterator.next iter` is invalid if `iter` is already at the end of the array (`iter.atEnd` is
+  `true`)
+- `Iterator.forward iter n`/`Iterator.nextn iter n` is invalid if `n` is strictly greater than the
+  number of remaining bytes.
+-/
+structure Iterator where
+  /-- The array the iterator is for. -/
+  array : ByteArray
+  /-- The current position.
+
+  This position is not necessarily valid for the array, for instance if one keeps calling
+  `Iterator.next` when `Iterator.atEnd` is true. If the position is not valid, then the
+  current byte is `(default : UInt8)`. -/
+  idx : Nat
+  deriving Inhabited
+
+/-- Creates an iterator at the beginning of an array. -/
+def mkIterator (arr : ByteArray) : Iterator :=
+  ⟨arr, 0⟩
+
+@[inherit_doc mkIterator]
+abbrev iter := mkIterator
+
+/-- The size of an array iterator is the number of bytes remaining. -/
+instance : SizeOf Iterator where
+  sizeOf i := i.array.size - i.idx
+
+theorem Iterator.sizeOf_eq (i : Iterator) : sizeOf i = i.array.size - i.idx :=
+  rfl
+
+namespace Iterator
+
+/-- Number of bytes remaining in the iterator. -/
+def remainingBytes : Iterator → Nat
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => arr.size - i
+
+@[inherit_doc Iterator.idx]
+def pos := Iterator.idx
+
+/-- The byte at the current position.
+
+On an invalid position, returns `(default : UInt8)`. -/
+@[inline]
+def curr : Iterator → UInt8
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ =>
+    if h : i < arr.size then
+      arr[i]'h
+    else
+      default
+
+/-- Moves the iterator's position forward by one byte, unconditionally.
+
+It is only valid to call this function if the iterator is not at the end of the array, *i.e.*
+`Iterator.atEnd` is `false`; otherwise, the resulting iterator will be invalid. -/
+@[inline]
+def next : Iterator → Iterator
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => ⟨arr, i + 1⟩
+
+/-- Decreases the iterator's position.
+
+If the position is zero, this function is the identity. -/
+@[inline]
+def prev : Iterator → Iterator
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => ⟨arr, i - 1⟩
+
+/-- True if the iterator is past the array's last byte. -/
+@[inline]
+def atEnd : Iterator → Bool
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => i ≥ arr.size
+
+/-- True if the iterator is not past the array's last byte. -/
+@[inline]
+def hasNext : Iterator → Bool
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => i < arr.size
+
+/-- The byte at the current position. --/
+@[inline]
+def curr' (it : Iterator) (h : it.hasNext) : UInt8 :=
+  match it with
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ =>
+    have : i < arr.size := by
+      simp only [hasNext, decide_eq_true_eq] at h
+      assumption
+    arr[i]
+
+/-- Moves the iterator's position forward by one byte. --/
+@[inline]
+def next' (it : Iterator) (_h : it.hasNext) : Iterator :=
+  match it with
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩ => ⟨arr, i + 1⟩
+
+/-- True if the position is not zero. -/
+@[inline]
+def hasPrev : Iterator → Bool
+  | ⟨_, i⟩ => i > 0
+
+/-- Moves the iterator's position to the end of the array.
+
+Note that `i.toEnd.atEnd` is always `true`. -/
+@[inline]
+def toEnd : Iterator → Iterator
+  | ⟨arr, _⟩ => ⟨arr, arr.size⟩
+
+/-- Moves the iterator's position several bytes forward.
+
+The resulting iterator is only valid if the number of bytes to skip is less than or equal to
+the number of bytes left in the iterator. -/
+@[inline]
+def forward : Iterator → Nat → Iterator
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩, f => ⟨arr, i + f⟩
+
+@[inherit_doc forward, inline]
+def nextn : Iterator → Nat → Iterator := forward
+
+/-- Moves the iterator's position several bytes back.
+
+If asked to go back more bytes than available, stops at the beginning of the array. -/
+@[inline]
+def prevn : Iterator → Nat → Iterator
+  | ⟨arr, i⟩, f => ⟨arr, i - f⟩
+
+end Iterator
 end ByteArray
 
 def List.toByteArray (bs : List UInt8) : ByteArray :=

src/Init/Data/Char/Basic.lean

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
 Author: Leonardo de Moura
 -/
 prelude
-import Init.Data.UInt.Basic
+import Init.Data.UInt.BasicAux
 
 /-- Determines if the given integer is a valid [Unicode scalar value](https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value).
 
@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ theorem isValidUInt32 (n : Nat) (h : isValidCharNat n) : n < UInt32.size := by
 
 theorem isValidChar_of_isValidCharNat (n : Nat) (h : isValidCharNat n) : isValidChar (UInt32.ofNat' n (isValidUInt32 n h)) :=
   match h with
-  | Or.inl h        => Or.inl h
-  | Or.inr ⟨h₁, h₂⟩ => Or.inr ⟨h₁, h₂⟩
+  | Or.inl h =>
+    Or.inl (UInt32.ofNat'_lt_of_lt _ (by decide) h)
+  | Or.inr ⟨h₁, h₂⟩ =>
+    Or.inr ⟨UInt32.lt_ofNat'_of_lt _ (by decide) h₁, UInt32.ofNat'_lt_of_lt _ (by decide) h₂⟩
 
 theorem isValidChar_zero : isValidChar 0 :=
   Or.inl (by decide)
@@ -57,33 +59,33 @@ theorem isValidChar_zero : isValidChar 0 :=
   c.val.toUInt8
 
 /-- The numbers from 0 to 256 are all valid UTF-8 characters, so we can embed one in the other. -/
-def ofUInt8 (n : UInt8) : Char := ⟨n.toUInt32, .inl (Nat.lt_trans n.1.2 (by decide))⟩
+def ofUInt8 (n : UInt8) : Char := ⟨n.toUInt32, .inl (Nat.lt_trans n.toBitVec.isLt (by decide))⟩
 
 instance : Inhabited Char where
   default := 'A'
 
 /-- Is the character a space (U+0020) a tab (U+0009), a carriage return (U+000D) or a newline (U+000A)? -/
-def isWhitespace (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isWhitespace (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c = ' ' || c = '\t' || c = '\r' || c = '\n'
 
 /-- Is the character in `ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ`? -/
-def isUpper (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isUpper (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c.val ≥ 65 && c.val ≤ 90
 
 /-- Is the character in `abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz`? -/
-def isLower (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isLower (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c.val ≥ 97 && c.val ≤ 122
 
 /-- Is the character in `ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz`? -/
-def isAlpha (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isAlpha (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c.isUpper || c.isLower
 
 /-- Is the character in `0123456789`? -/
-def isDigit (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isDigit (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c.val ≥ 48 && c.val ≤ 57
 
 /-- Is the character in `ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789`? -/
-def isAlphanum (c : Char) : Bool :=
+@[inline] def isAlphanum (c : Char) : Bool :=
   c.isAlpha || c.isDigit
 
 /-- Convert an upper case character to its lower case character.

src/Init/Data/Fin/Basic.lean

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ instance coeToNat : CoeOut (Fin n) Nat :=
   ⟨fun v => v.val⟩
 
 /--
-From the empty type `Fin 0`, any desired result `α` can be derived. This is simlar to `Empty.elim`.
+From the empty type `Fin 0`, any desired result `α` can be derived. This is similar to `Empty.elim`.
 -/
 def elim0.{u} {α : Sort u} : Fin 0 → α
   | ⟨_, h⟩ => absurd h (not_lt_zero _)
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ This differs from addition, which wraps around:
 (2 : Fin 3) + 1 = (0 : Fin 3)
 ```
 -/
-def succ : Fin n → Fin n.succ
+def succ : Fin n → Fin (n + 1)
   | ⟨i, h⟩ => ⟨i+1, Nat.succ_lt_succ h⟩
 
 variable {n : Nat}
@@ -39,16 +39,20 @@ variable {n : Nat}
 /--
 Returns `a` modulo `n + 1` as a `Fin n.succ`.
 -/
-protected def ofNat {n : Nat} (a : Nat) : Fin n.succ :=
+protected def ofNat {n : Nat} (a : Nat) : Fin (n + 1) :=
   ⟨a % (n+1), Nat.mod_lt _ (Nat.zero_lt_succ _)⟩
 
 /--
 Returns `a` modulo `n` as a `Fin n`.
 
-The assumption `n > 0` ensures that `Fin n` is nonempty.
+The assumption `NeZero n` ensures that `Fin n` is nonempty.
 -/
-protected def ofNat' {n : Nat} (a : Nat) (h : n > 0) : Fin n :=
-  ⟨a % n, Nat.mod_lt _ h⟩
+protected def ofNat' (n : Nat) [NeZero n] (a : Nat) : Fin n :=
+  ⟨a % n, Nat.mod_lt _ (pos_of_neZero n)⟩
+
+-- We intend to deprecate `Fin.ofNat` in favor of `Fin.ofNat'` (and later rename).
+-- This is waiting on https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5323
+-- attribute [deprecated Fin.ofNat' (since := "2024-09-16")] Fin.ofNat
 
 private theorem mlt {b : Nat} : {a : Nat} → a < n → b % n < n
   | 0,   h => Nat.mod_lt _ h
@@ -141,14 +145,17 @@ instance : ShiftLeft (Fin n) where
 instance : ShiftRight (Fin n) where
   shiftRight := Fin.shiftRight
 
-instance instOfNat : OfNat (Fin (no_index (n+1))) i where
-  ofNat := Fin.ofNat i
+instance instOfNat {n : Nat} [NeZero n] {i : Nat} : OfNat (Fin n) i where
+  ofNat := Fin.ofNat' n i
 
-instance : Inhabited (Fin (no_index (n+1))) where
+instance instInhabited {n : Nat} [NeZero n] : Inhabited (Fin n) where
   default := 0
 
 @[simp] theorem zero_eta : (⟨0, Nat.zero_lt_succ _⟩ : Fin (n + 1)) = 0 := rfl
 
+theorem ne_of_val_ne {i j : Fin n} (h : val i ≠ val j) : i ≠ j :=
+  fun h' => absurd (val_eq_of_eq h') h
+
 theorem val_ne_of_ne {i j : Fin n} (h : i ≠ j) : val i ≠ val j :=
   fun h' => absurd (eq_of_val_eq h') h
 

src/Init/Data/Fin/Iterate.lean

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def hIterateFrom (P : Nat → Sort _) {n} (f : ∀(i : Fin n), P i.val → P (i.
   decreasing_by decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
 
 /--
-`hIterate` is a heterogenous iterative operation that applies a
+`hIterate` is a heterogeneous iterative operation that applies a
 index-dependent function `f` to a value `init : P start` a total of
 `stop - start` times to produce a value of type `P stop`.
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Concretely, `hIterate start stop f init` is equal to
   init |> f start _ |> f (start+1) _ ... |> f (end-1) _
 ```
 
-Because it is heterogenous and must return a value of type `P stop`,
+Because it is heterogeneous and must return a value of type `P stop`,
 `hIterate` requires proof that `start ≤ stop`.
 
 One can prove properties of `hIterate` using the general theorem
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ private theorem hIterateFrom_elim {P : Nat → Sort _}(Q : ∀(i : Nat), P i →
 
 /-
 `hIterate_elim` provides a mechanism for showing that the result of
-`hIterate` satisifies a property `Q stop` by showing that the states
+`hIterate` satisfies a property `Q stop` by showing that the states
 at the intermediate indices `i : start ≤ i < stop` satisfy `Q i`.
 -/
 theorem hIterate_elim {P : Nat → Sort _} (Q : ∀(i : Nat), P i → Prop)

src/Init/Data/Fin/Lemmas.lean

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ import Init.ByCases
 import Init.Conv
 import Init.Omega
 
--- Remove after the next stage0 update
-set_option allowUnsafeReducibility true
-
 namespace Fin
 
 /-- If you actually have an element of `Fin n`, then the `n` is always positive -/
@@ -54,11 +51,18 @@ theorem eq_mk_iff_val_eq {a : Fin n} {k : Nat} {hk : k < n} :
 
 theorem mk_val (i : Fin n) : (⟨i, i.isLt⟩ : Fin n) = i := Fin.eta ..
 
-@[simp] theorem val_ofNat' (a : Nat) (is_pos : n > 0) :
-  (Fin.ofNat' a is_pos).val = a % n := rfl
+@[simp] theorem val_ofNat' (n : Nat) [NeZero n] (a : Nat) :
+  (Fin.ofNat' n a).val = a % n := rfl
 
-@[deprecated ofNat'_zero_val (since := "2024-02-22")]
-theorem ofNat'_zero_val : (Fin.ofNat' 0 h).val = 0 := Nat.zero_mod _
+@[simp] theorem ofNat'_self {n : Nat} [NeZero n] : Fin.ofNat' n n = 0 := by
+  ext
+  simp
+  congr
+
+@[simp] theorem ofNat'_val_eq_self [NeZero n] (x : Fin n) : (Fin.ofNat' n x) = x := by
+  ext
+  rw [val_ofNat', Nat.mod_eq_of_lt]
+  exact x.2
 
 @[simp] theorem mod_val (a b : Fin n) : (a % b).val = a.val % b.val :=
   rfl
@@ -69,6 +73,9 @@ theorem ofNat'_zero_val : (Fin.ofNat' 0 h).val = 0 := Nat.zero_mod _
 @[simp] theorem modn_val (a : Fin n) (b : Nat) : (a.modn b).val = a.val % b :=
   rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem val_eq_zero (a : Fin 1) : a.val = 0 :=
+  Nat.eq_zero_of_le_zero <| Nat.le_of_lt_succ a.isLt
+
 theorem ite_val {n : Nat} {c : Prop} [Decidable c] {x : c → Fin n} (y : ¬c → Fin n) :
     (if h : c then x h else y h).val = if h : c then (x h).val else (y h).val := by
   by_cases c <;> simp [*]
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ theorem mk_le_of_le_val {b : Fin n} {a : Nat} (h : a ≤ b) :
 
 @[simp] theorem mk_lt_mk {x y : Nat} {hx hy} : (⟨x, hx⟩ : Fin n) < ⟨y, hy⟩ ↔ x < y := .rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem val_zero (n : Nat) : (0 : Fin (n + 1)).1 = 0 := rfl
+@[simp] theorem val_zero (n : Nat) [NeZero n] : ((0 : Fin n) : Nat) = 0 := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem mk_zero : (⟨0, Nat.succ_pos n⟩ : Fin (n + 1)) = 0 := rfl
 
@@ -141,6 +148,12 @@ theorem eq_zero_or_eq_succ {n : Nat} : ∀ i : Fin (n + 1), i = 0 ∨ ∃ j : Fi
 theorem eq_succ_of_ne_zero {n : Nat} {i : Fin (n + 1)} (hi : i ≠ 0) : ∃ j : Fin n, i = j.succ :=
   (eq_zero_or_eq_succ i).resolve_left hi
 
+protected theorem le_antisymm_iff {x y : Fin n} : x = y ↔ x ≤ y ∧ y ≤ x :=
+  Fin.ext_iff.trans Nat.le_antisymm_iff
+
+protected theorem le_antisymm {x y : Fin n} (h1 : x ≤ y) (h2 : y ≤ x) : x = y :=
+  Fin.le_antisymm_iff.2 ⟨h1, h2⟩
+
 @[simp] theorem val_rev (i : Fin n) : rev i = n - (i + 1) := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem rev_rev (i : Fin n) : rev (rev i) = i := Fin.ext <| by
@@ -162,8 +175,24 @@ theorem rev_eq {n a : Nat} (i : Fin (n + 1)) (h : n = a + i) :
 @[simp] theorem rev_lt_rev {i j : Fin n} : rev i < rev j ↔ j < i := by
   rw [← Fin.not_le, ← Fin.not_le, rev_le_rev]
 
+/-! ### last -/
+
 @[simp] theorem val_last (n : Nat) : last n = n := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem last_zero : (Fin.last 0 : Fin 1) = 0 := by
+  ext
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem zero_eq_last_iff {n : Nat} : (0 : Fin (n + 1)) = last n ↔ n = 0 := by
+  constructor
+  · intro h
+    simp_all [Fin.ext_iff]
+  · rintro rfl
+    simp
+
+@[simp] theorem last_eq_zero_iff {n : Nat} : Fin.last n = 0 ↔ n = 0 := by
+  simp [eq_comm (a := Fin.last n)]
+
 theorem le_last (i : Fin (n + 1)) : i ≤ last n := Nat.le_of_lt_succ i.is_lt
 
 theorem last_pos : (0 : Fin (n + 2)) < last (n + 1) := Nat.succ_pos _
@@ -197,10 +226,32 @@ instance subsingleton_one : Subsingleton (Fin 1) := subsingleton_iff_le_one.2 (b
 
 theorem fin_one_eq_zero (a : Fin 1) : a = 0 := Subsingleton.elim a 0
 
+@[simp] theorem zero_eq_one_iff {n : Nat} [NeZero n] : (0 : Fin n) = 1 ↔ n = 1 := by
+  constructor
+  · intro h
+    simp [Fin.ext_iff] at h
+    change 0 % n = 1 % n at h
+    rw [eq_comm] at h
+    simpa using h
+  · rintro rfl
+    simp
+
+@[simp] theorem one_eq_zero_iff {n : Nat} [NeZero n] : (1 : Fin n) = 0 ↔ n = 1 := by
+  rw [eq_comm]
+  simp
+
 theorem add_def (a b : Fin n) : a + b = Fin.mk ((a + b) % n) (Nat.mod_lt _ a.size_pos) := rfl
 
 theorem val_add (a b : Fin n) : (a + b).val = (a.val + b.val) % n := rfl
 
+@[simp] protected theorem zero_add [NeZero n] (k : Fin n) : (0 : Fin n) + k = k := by
+  ext
+  simp [Fin.add_def, Nat.mod_eq_of_lt k.2]
+
+@[simp] protected theorem add_zero [NeZero n] (k : Fin n) : k + 0 = k := by
+  ext
+  simp [add_def, Nat.mod_eq_of_lt k.2]
+
 theorem val_add_one_of_lt {n : Nat} {i : Fin n.succ} (h : i < last _) : (i + 1).1 = i + 1 := by
   match n with
   | 0 => cases h
@@ -324,6 +375,10 @@ theorem succ_succ_ne_one (a : Fin n) : Fin.succ (Fin.succ a) ≠ 1 :=
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_mk (h : n = m) (i : Nat) (hn : i < n) : cast h ⟨i, hn⟩ = ⟨i, h ▸ hn⟩ := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem cast_refl (n : Nat) (h : n = n) : cast h = id := by
+  ext
+  simp
+
 @[simp] theorem cast_trans {k : Nat} (h : n = m) (h' : m = k) {i : Fin n} :
     cast h' (cast h i) = cast (Eq.trans h h') i := rfl
 
@@ -383,7 +438,7 @@ theorem castSucc_lt_iff_succ_le {n : Nat} {i : Fin n} {j : Fin (n + 1)} :
 
 @[simp] theorem succ_last (n : Nat) : (last n).succ = last n.succ := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem succ_eq_last_succ {n : Nat} (i : Fin n.succ) :
+@[simp] theorem succ_eq_last_succ {n : Nat} {i : Fin n.succ} :
     i.succ = last (n + 1) ↔ i = last n := by rw [← succ_last, succ_inj]
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_castLT (i : Fin (n + 1)) (h : (i : Nat) < n) :
@@ -407,10 +462,10 @@ theorem castSucc_lt_last (a : Fin n) : castSucc a < last n := a.is_lt
 theorem castSucc_pos {i : Fin (n + 1)} (h : 0 < i) : 0 < castSucc i := by
   simpa [lt_def] using h
 
-@[simp] theorem castSucc_eq_zero_iff (a : Fin (n + 1)) : castSucc a = 0 ↔ a = 0 := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
+@[simp] theorem castSucc_eq_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : castSucc a = 0 ↔ a = 0 := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
 
-theorem castSucc_ne_zero_iff (a : Fin (n + 1)) : castSucc a ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 :=
-  not_congr <| castSucc_eq_zero_iff a
+theorem castSucc_ne_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : castSucc a ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 :=
+  not_congr <| castSucc_eq_zero_iff
 
 theorem castSucc_fin_succ (n : Nat) (j : Fin n) :
     castSucc (Fin.succ j) = Fin.succ (castSucc j) := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
@@ -432,6 +487,10 @@ theorem succ_castSucc {n : Nat} (i : Fin n) : i.castSucc.succ = castSucc i.succ
 
 @[simp] theorem coe_addNat (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : (addNat i m : Nat) = i + m := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem addNat_zero (n : Nat) (i : Fin n) : addNat i 0 = i := by
+  ext
+  simp
+
 @[simp] theorem addNat_one {i : Fin n} : addNat i 1 = i.succ := rfl
 
 theorem le_coe_addNat (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : m ≤ addNat i m :=
@@ -461,7 +520,7 @@ theorem cast_addNat_left {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : n' + m = n + m) :
 
 theorem le_coe_natAdd (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : m ≤ natAdd m i := Nat.le_add_right ..
 
-theorem natAdd_zero {n : Nat} : natAdd 0 = cast (Nat.zero_add n).symm := by ext; simp
+@[simp] theorem natAdd_zero {n : Nat} : natAdd 0 = cast (Nat.zero_add n).symm := by ext; simp
 
 /-- For rewriting in the reverse direction, see `Fin.cast_natAdd_right`. -/
 theorem natAdd_cast {n n' : Nat} (m : Nat) (i : Fin n') (h : n' = n) :
@@ -499,9 +558,19 @@ theorem cast_addNat {n : Nat} (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) :
 
 @[simp] theorem natAdd_last {m n : Nat} : natAdd n (last m) = last (n + m) := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem addNat_last (n : Nat) :
+    addNat (last n) m = cast (by omega) (last (n + m)) := by
+  ext
+  simp
+
 theorem natAdd_castSucc {m n : Nat} {i : Fin m} : natAdd n (castSucc i) = castSucc (natAdd n i) :=
   rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem natAdd_eq_addNat (n : Nat) (i : Fin n) : Fin.natAdd n i = i.addNat n := by
+  ext
+  simp
+  omega
+
 theorem rev_castAdd (k : Fin n) (m : Nat) : rev (castAdd m k) = addNat (rev k) m := Fin.ext <| by
   rw [val_rev, coe_castAdd, coe_addNat, val_rev, Nat.sub_add_comm (Nat.succ_le_of_lt k.is_lt)]
 
@@ -517,15 +586,15 @@ theorem rev_succ (k : Fin n) : rev (succ k) = castSucc (rev k) := k.rev_addNat 1
 @[simp] theorem coe_pred (j : Fin (n + 1)) (h : j ≠ 0) : (j.pred h : Nat) = j - 1 := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem succ_pred : ∀ (i : Fin (n + 1)) (h : i ≠ 0), (i.pred h).succ = i
-  | ⟨0, h⟩, hi => by simp only [mk_zero, ne_eq, not_true] at hi
-  | ⟨n + 1, h⟩, hi => rfl
+  | ⟨0, _⟩, hi => by simp only [mk_zero, ne_eq, not_true] at hi
+  | ⟨_ + 1, _⟩, _ => rfl
 
 @[simp]
 theorem pred_succ (i : Fin n) {h : i.succ ≠ 0} : i.succ.pred h = i := by
   cases i
   rfl
 
-theorem pred_eq_iff_eq_succ {n : Nat} (i : Fin (n + 1)) (hi : i ≠ 0) (j : Fin n) :
+theorem pred_eq_iff_eq_succ {n : Nat} {i : Fin (n + 1)} (hi : i ≠ 0) {j : Fin n} :
     i.pred hi = j ↔ i = j.succ :=
   ⟨fun h => by simp only [← h, Fin.succ_pred], fun h => by simp only [h, Fin.pred_succ]⟩
 
@@ -567,6 +636,15 @@ theorem pred_add_one (i : Fin (n + 2)) (h : (i : Nat) < n + 1) :
 @[simp] theorem subNat_mk {i : Nat} (h₁ : i < n + m) (h₂ : m ≤ i) :
     subNat m ⟨i, h₁⟩ h₂ = ⟨i - m, Nat.sub_lt_right_of_lt_add h₂ h₁⟩ := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem subNat_zero (i : Fin n) (h : 0 ≤ (i : Nat)): Fin.subNat 0 i h = i := by
+  ext
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem subNat_one_succ (i : Fin (n + 1)) (h : 1 ≤ ↑i) : (subNat 1 i h).succ = i := by
+  ext
+  simp
+  omega
+
 @[simp] theorem pred_castSucc_succ (i : Fin n) :
     pred (castSucc i.succ) (Fin.ne_of_gt (castSucc_pos i.succ_pos)) = castSucc i := rfl
 
@@ -577,7 +655,7 @@ theorem pred_add_one (i : Fin (n + 2)) (h : (i : Nat) < n + 1) :
     subNat m (addNat i m) h = i := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_sub_cancel i m
 
 @[simp] theorem natAdd_subNat_cast {i : Fin (n + m)} (h : n ≤ i) :
-    natAdd n (subNat n (cast (Nat.add_comm ..) i) h) = i := by simp [← cast_addNat]; rfl
+    natAdd n (subNat n (cast (Nat.add_comm ..) i) h) = i := by simp [← cast_addNat]
 
 /-! ### recursion and induction principles -/
 
@@ -745,13 +823,13 @@ theorem addCases_right {m n : Nat} {motive : Fin (m + n) → Sort _} {left right
 
 /-! ### add -/
 
-@[simp] theorem ofNat'_add (x : Nat) (lt : 0 < n) (y : Fin n) :
-    Fin.ofNat' x lt + y = Fin.ofNat' (x + y.val) lt := by
+theorem ofNat'_add [NeZero n] (x : Nat) (y : Fin n) :
+    Fin.ofNat' n x + y = Fin.ofNat' n (x + y.val) := by
   apply Fin.eq_of_val_eq
   simp [Fin.ofNat', Fin.add_def]
 
-@[simp] theorem add_ofNat' (x : Fin n) (y : Nat) (lt : 0 < n) :
-    x + Fin.ofNat' y lt = Fin.ofNat' (x.val + y) lt := by
+theorem add_ofNat' [NeZero n] (x : Fin n) (y : Nat) :
+    x + Fin.ofNat' n y = Fin.ofNat' n (x.val + y) := by
   apply Fin.eq_of_val_eq
   simp [Fin.ofNat', Fin.add_def]
 
@@ -760,16 +838,21 @@ theorem addCases_right {m n : Nat} {motive : Fin (m + n) → Sort _} {left right
 protected theorem coe_sub (a b : Fin n) : ((a - b : Fin n) : Nat) = ((n - b) + a) % n := by
   cases a; cases b; rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem ofNat'_sub (x : Nat) (lt : 0 < n) (y : Fin n) :
-    Fin.ofNat' x lt - y = Fin.ofNat' ((n - y.val) + x) lt := by
+theorem ofNat'_sub [NeZero n] (x : Nat) (y : Fin n) :
+    Fin.ofNat' n x - y = Fin.ofNat' n ((n - y.val) + x) := by
   apply Fin.eq_of_val_eq
   simp [Fin.ofNat', Fin.sub_def]
 
-@[simp] theorem sub_ofNat' (x : Fin n) (y : Nat) (lt : 0 < n) :
-    x - Fin.ofNat' y lt = Fin.ofNat' ((n - y % n) + x.val) lt := by
+theorem sub_ofNat' [NeZero n] (x : Fin n) (y : Nat) :
+    x - Fin.ofNat' n y = Fin.ofNat' n ((n - y % n) + x.val) := by
   apply Fin.eq_of_val_eq
   simp [Fin.ofNat', Fin.sub_def]
 
+@[simp] protected theorem sub_self [NeZero n] {x : Fin n} : x - x = 0 := by
+  ext
+  rw [Fin.sub_def]
+  simp
+
 private theorem _root_.Nat.mod_eq_sub_of_lt_two_mul {x n} (h₁ : n ≤ x) (h₂ : x < 2 * n) :
     x % n = x - n := by
   rw [Nat.mod_eq, if_pos (by omega), Nat.mod_eq_of_lt (by omega)]

src/Init/Data/Float.lean

@@ -72,21 +72,35 @@ instance floatDecLt (a b : Float) : Decidable (a < b) := Float.decLt a b
 instance floatDecLe (a b : Float) : Decidable (a ≤ b) := Float.decLe a b
 
 @[extern "lean_float_to_string"] opaque Float.toString : Float → String
-
-/-- If the given float is positive, truncates the value to the nearest positive integer.
-If negative or larger than the maximum value for UInt8, returns 0. -/
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt8` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt8`
+(i.e. `UInt8.size - 1`).
+-/
 @[extern "lean_float_to_uint8"] opaque Float.toUInt8 : Float → UInt8
-/-- If the given float is positive, truncates the value to the nearest positive integer.
-If negative or larger than the maximum value for UInt16, returns 0. -/
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt16` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt16`
+(i.e. `UInt16.size - 1`).
+-/
 @[extern "lean_float_to_uint16"] opaque Float.toUInt16 : Float → UInt16
-/-- If the given float is positive, truncates the value to the nearest positive integer.
-If negative or larger than the maximum value for UInt32, returns 0. -/
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt32` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt32`
+(i.e. `UInt32.size - 1`).
+-/
 @[extern "lean_float_to_uint32"] opaque Float.toUInt32 : Float → UInt32
-/-- If the given float is positive, truncates the value to the nearest positive integer.
-If negative or larger than the maximum value for UInt64, returns 0. -/
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt64` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt64`
+(i.e. `UInt64.size - 1`).
+-/
 @[extern "lean_float_to_uint64"] opaque Float.toUInt64 : Float → UInt64
-/-- If the given float is positive, truncates the value to the nearest positive integer.
-If negative or larger than the maximum value for USize, returns 0. -/
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `USize` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `USize`
+(i.e. `USize.size - 1`). This value is platform dependent).
+-/
 @[extern "lean_float_to_usize"] opaque Float.toUSize : Float → USize
 
 @[extern "lean_float_isnan"] opaque Float.isNaN : Float → Bool

src/Init/Data/FloatArray/Basic.lean

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ def push : FloatArray → Float → FloatArray
 def size : (@& FloatArray) → Nat
   | ⟨ds⟩ => ds.size
 
+@[extern "lean_sarray_size", simp]
+def usize (a : @& FloatArray) : USize :=
+  a.size.toUSize
+
 @[extern "lean_float_array_uget"]
 def uget : (a : @& FloatArray) → (i : USize) → i.toNat < a.size → Float
   | ⟨ds⟩, i, h => ds[i]
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ partial def toList (ds : FloatArray) : List Float :=
 -/
 -- TODO: avoid code duplication in the future after we improve the compiler.
 @[inline] unsafe def forInUnsafe {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (as : FloatArray) (b : β) (f : Float → β → m (ForInStep β)) : m β :=
-  let sz := USize.ofNat as.size
+  let sz := as.usize
   let rec @[specialize] loop (i : USize) (b : β) : m β := do
     if i < sz then
       let a := as.uget i lcProof

src/Init/Data/Function.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+
+prelude
+import Init.Core
+
+namespace Function
+
+@[inline]
+def curry : (α × β → φ) → α → β → φ := fun f a b => f (a, b)
+
+/-- Interpret a function with two arguments as a function on `α × β` -/
+@[inline]
+def uncurry : (α → β → φ) → α × β → φ := fun f a => f a.1 a.2
+
+@[simp]
+theorem curry_uncurry (f : α → β → φ) : curry (uncurry f) = f :=
+  rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem uncurry_curry (f : α × β → φ) : uncurry (curry f) = f :=
+  funext fun ⟨_a, _b⟩ => rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem uncurry_apply_pair {α β γ} (f : α → β → γ) (x : α) (y : β) : uncurry f (x, y) = f x y :=
+  rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem curry_apply {α β γ} (f : α × β → γ) (x : α) (y : β) : curry f x y = f (x, y) :=
+  rfl
+
+end Function

src/Init/Data/Int.lean

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ import Init.Data.Int.DivMod
 import Init.Data.Int.DivModLemmas
 import Init.Data.Int.Gcd
 import Init.Data.Int.Lemmas
+import Init.Data.Int.LemmasAux
 import Init.Data.Int.Order
 import Init.Data.Int.Pow

src/Init/Data/Int/Basic.lean

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The integers, with addition, multiplication, and subtraction.
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Cast
 import Init.Data.Nat.Div
-import Init.Data.List.Basic
+
 set_option linter.missingDocs true -- keep it documented
 open Nat
 
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ protected def pow (m : Int) : Nat → Int
   | 0      => 1
   | succ n => Int.pow m n * m
 
-instance : HPow Int Nat Int where
-  hPow := Int.pow
+instance : NatPow Int where
+  pow := Int.pow
 
 instance : LawfulBEq Int where
   eq_of_beq h := by simp [BEq.beq] at h; assumption

src/Init/Data/Int/DivMod.lean

@@ -16,83 +16,99 @@ There are three main conventions for integer division,
 referred here as the E, F, T rounding conventions.
 All three pairs satisfy the identity `x % y + (x / y) * y = x` unconditionally,
 and satisfy `x / 0 = 0` and `x % 0 = x`.
+
+### Historical notes
+In early versions of Lean, the typeclasses provided by `/` and `%`
+were defined in terms of `tdiv` and `tmod`, and these were named simply as `div` and `mod`.
+
+However we decided it was better to use `ediv` and `emod`,
+as they are consistent with the conventions used in SMTLib, and Mathlib,
+and often mathematical reasoning is easier with these conventions.
+
+At that time, we did not rename `div` and `mod` to `tdiv` and `tmod` (along with all their lemma).
+In September 2024, we decided to do this rename (with deprecations in place),
+and later we intend to rename `ediv` and `emod` to `div` and `mod`, as nearly all users will only
+ever need to use these functions and their associated lemmas.
 -/
 
 /-! ### T-rounding division -/
 
 /--
-`div` uses the [*"T-rounding"*][t-rounding]
+`tdiv` uses the [*"T-rounding"*][t-rounding]
 (**T**runcation-rounding) convention, meaning that it rounds toward
 zero. Also note that division by zero is defined to equal zero.
 
   The relation between integer division and modulo is found in
-  `Int.mod_add_div` which states that
-  `a % b + b * (a / b) = a`, unconditionally.
+  `Int.tmod_add_tdiv` which states that
+  `tmod a b + b * (tdiv a b) = a`, unconditionally.
 
-  [t-rounding]: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/128861.128862 [theo
-  mod_add_div]:
-  https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/find/?pattern=Int.mod_add_div#doc
+  [t-rounding]: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/128861.128862
+  [theo tmod_add_tdiv]: https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/find/?pattern=Int.tmod_add_tdiv#doc
 
   Examples:
 
   ```
-  #eval (7 : Int) / (0 : Int) -- 0
-  #eval (0 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (7 : Int).tdiv (0 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (0 : Int).tdiv (7 : Int) -- 0
 
-  #eval (12 : Int) / (6 : Int) -- 2
-  #eval (12 : Int) / (-6 : Int) -- -2
-  #eval (-12 : Int) / (6 : Int) -- -2
-  #eval (-12 : Int) / (-6 : Int) -- 2
+  #eval (12 : Int).tdiv (6 : Int) -- 2
+  #eval (12 : Int).tdiv (-6 : Int) -- -2
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tdiv (6 : Int) -- -2
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tdiv (-6 : Int) -- 2
 
-  #eval (12 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- 1
-  #eval (12 : Int) / (-7 : Int) -- -1
-  #eval (-12 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- -1
-  #eval (-12 : Int) / (-7 : Int) -- 1
+  #eval (12 : Int).tdiv (7 : Int) -- 1
+  #eval (12 : Int).tdiv (-7 : Int) -- -1
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tdiv (7 : Int) -- -1
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tdiv (-7 : Int) -- 1
   ```
 
   Implemented by efficient native code.
 -/
 @[extern "lean_int_div"]
-def div : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
+def tdiv : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
   | ofNat m, ofNat n =>  ofNat (m / n)
   | ofNat m, -[n +1] => -ofNat (m / succ n)
   | -[m +1], ofNat n => -ofNat (succ m / n)
   | -[m +1], -[n +1] =>  ofNat (succ m / succ n)
 
+@[deprecated tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div := tdiv
+
 /-- Integer modulo. This function uses the
   [*"T-rounding"*][t-rounding] (**T**runcation-rounding) convention
-  to pair with `Int.div`, meaning that `a % b + b * (a / b) = a`
-  unconditionally (see [`Int.mod_add_div`][theo mod_add_div]). In
+  to pair with `Int.tdiv`, meaning that `tmod a b + b * (tdiv a b) = a`
+  unconditionally (see [`Int.tmod_add_tdiv`][theo tmod_add_tdiv]). In
   particular, `a % 0 = a`.
 
   [t-rounding]: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/128861.128862
-  [theo mod_add_div]: https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/find/?pattern=Int.mod_add_div#doc
+  [theo tmod_add_tdiv]: https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/find/?pattern=Int.tmod_add_tdiv#doc
 
   Examples:
 
   ```
-  #eval (7 : Int) % (0 : Int) -- 7
-  #eval (0 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (7 : Int).tmod (0 : Int) -- 7
+  #eval (0 : Int).tmod (7 : Int) -- 0
 
-  #eval (12 : Int) % (6 : Int) -- 0
-  #eval (12 : Int) % (-6 : Int) -- 0
-  #eval (-12 : Int) % (6 : Int) -- 0
-  #eval (-12 : Int) % (-6 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (12 : Int).tmod (6 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (12 : Int).tmod (-6 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tmod (6 : Int) -- 0
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tmod (-6 : Int) -- 0
 
-  #eval (12 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 5
-  #eval (12 : Int) % (-7 : Int) -- 5
-  #eval (-12 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 2
-  #eval (-12 : Int) % (-7 : Int) -- 2
+  #eval (12 : Int).tmod (7 : Int) -- 5
+  #eval (12 : Int).tmod (-7 : Int) -- 5
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tmod (7 : Int) -- -5
+  #eval (-12 : Int).tmod (-7 : Int) -- -5
   ```
 
   Implemented by efficient native code. -/
 @[extern "lean_int_mod"]
-def mod : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
+def tmod : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
   | ofNat m, ofNat n =>  ofNat (m % n)
   | ofNat m, -[n +1] =>  ofNat (m % succ n)
   | -[m +1], ofNat n => -ofNat (succ m % n)
   | -[m +1], -[n +1] => -ofNat (succ m % succ n)
 
+@[deprecated tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod := tmod
+
 /-! ### F-rounding division
 This pair satisfies `fdiv x y = floor (x / y)`.
 -/
@@ -101,6 +117,22 @@ This pair satisfies `fdiv x y = floor (x / y)`.
 Integer division. This version of division uses the F-rounding convention
 (flooring division), in which `Int.fdiv x y` satisfies `fdiv x y = floor (x / y)`
 and `Int.fmod` is the unique function satisfying `fmod x y + (fdiv x y) * y = x`.
+
+Examples:
+```
+#eval (7 : Int).fdiv (0 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (0 : Int).fdiv (7 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int).fdiv (6 : Int) -- 2
+#eval (12 : Int).fdiv (-6 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fdiv (6 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fdiv (-6 : Int) -- 2
+
+#eval (12 : Int).fdiv (7 : Int) -- 1
+#eval (12 : Int).fdiv (-7 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fdiv (7 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fdiv (-7 : Int) -- 1
+```
 -/
 def fdiv : Int → Int → Int
   | 0,       _       => 0
@@ -114,6 +146,23 @@ def fdiv : Int → Int → Int
 Integer modulus. This version of `Int.mod` uses the F-rounding convention
 (flooring division), in which `Int.fdiv x y` satisfies `fdiv x y = floor (x / y)`
 and `Int.fmod` is the unique function satisfying `fmod x y + (fdiv x y) * y = x`.
+
+Examples:
+
+```
+#eval (7 : Int).fmod (0 : Int) -- 7
+#eval (0 : Int).fmod (7 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int).fmod (6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (12 : Int).fmod (-6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (-12 : Int).fmod (6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (-12 : Int).fmod (-6 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int).fmod (7 : Int) -- 5
+#eval (12 : Int).fmod (-7 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fmod (7 : Int) -- 2
+#eval (-12 : Int).fmod (-7 : Int) -- -5
+```
 -/
 def fmod : Int → Int → Int
   | 0,       _       => 0
@@ -130,6 +179,26 @@ This pair satisfies `0 ≤ mod x y < natAbs y` for `y ≠ 0`.
 Integer division. This version of `Int.div` uses the E-rounding convention
 (euclidean division), in which `Int.emod x y` satisfies `0 ≤ mod x y < natAbs y` for `y ≠ 0`
 and `Int.ediv` is the unique function satisfying `emod x y + (ediv x y) * y = x`.
+
+This is the function powering the `/` notation on integers.
+
+Examples:
+```
+#eval (7 : Int) / (0 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (0 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int) / (6 : Int) -- 2
+#eval (12 : Int) / (-6 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int) / (6 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int) / (-6 : Int) -- 2
+
+#eval (12 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- 1
+#eval (12 : Int) / (-7 : Int) -- -1
+#eval (-12 : Int) / (7 : Int) -- -2
+#eval (-12 : Int) / (-7 : Int) -- 2
+```
+
+Implemented by efficient native code.
 -/
 @[extern "lean_int_ediv"]
 def ediv : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
@@ -143,6 +212,26 @@ def ediv : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
 Integer modulus. This version of `Int.mod` uses the E-rounding convention
 (euclidean division), in which `Int.emod x y` satisfies `0 ≤ emod x y < natAbs y` for `y ≠ 0`
 and `Int.ediv` is the unique function satisfying `emod x y + (ediv x y) * y = x`.
+
+This is the function powering the `%` notation on integers.
+
+Examples:
+```
+#eval (7 : Int) % (0 : Int) -- 7
+#eval (0 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int) % (6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (12 : Int) % (-6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (-12 : Int) % (6 : Int) -- 0
+#eval (-12 : Int) % (-6 : Int) -- 0
+
+#eval (12 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 5
+#eval (12 : Int) % (-7 : Int) -- 5
+#eval (-12 : Int) % (7 : Int) -- 2
+#eval (-12 : Int) % (-7 : Int) -- 2
+```
+
+Implemented by efficient native code.
 -/
 @[extern "lean_int_emod"]
 def emod : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
@@ -160,7 +249,9 @@ instance : Mod Int where
 
 @[simp, norm_cast] theorem ofNat_ediv (m n : Nat) : (↑(m / n) : Int) = ↑m / ↑n := rfl
 
-theorem ofNat_div (m n : Nat) : ↑(m / n) = div ↑m ↑n := rfl
+theorem ofNat_tdiv (m n : Nat) : ↑(m / n) = tdiv ↑m ↑n := rfl
+
+@[deprecated ofNat_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev ofNat_div := ofNat_tdiv
 
 theorem ofNat_fdiv : ∀ m n : Nat, ↑(m / n) = fdiv ↑m ↑n
   | 0, _ => by simp [fdiv]

src/Init/Data/Int/DivModLemmas.lean

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ import Init.RCases
 # Lemmas about integer division needed to bootstrap `omega`.
 -/
 
--- Remove after the next stage0 update
-set_option allowUnsafeReducibility true
-
 open Nat (succ)
 
 namespace Int
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ protected theorem dvd_mul_right (a b : Int) : a ∣ a * b := ⟨_, rfl⟩
 
 protected theorem dvd_mul_left (a b : Int) : b ∣ a * b := ⟨_, Int.mul_comm ..⟩
 
-protected theorem neg_dvd {a b : Int} : -a ∣ b ↔ a ∣ b := by
+@[simp] protected theorem neg_dvd {a b : Int} : -a ∣ b ↔ a ∣ b := by
   constructor <;> exact fun ⟨k, e⟩ =>
     ⟨-k, by simp [e, Int.neg_mul, Int.mul_neg, Int.neg_neg]⟩
 
@@ -140,12 +137,12 @@ theorem eq_one_of_mul_eq_one_left {a b : Int} (H : 0 ≤ b) (H' : a * b = 1) : b
   | ofNat _ => show ofNat _ = _ by simp
   | -[_+1] => rfl
 
-@[simp] protected theorem zero_div : ∀ b : Int, div 0 b = 0
+@[simp] protected theorem zero_tdiv : ∀ b : Int, tdiv 0 b = 0
   | ofNat _ => show ofNat _ = _ by simp
   | -[_+1] => show -ofNat _ = _ by simp
 
 unseal Nat.div in
-@[simp] protected theorem div_zero : ∀ a : Int, div a 0 = 0
+@[simp] protected theorem tdiv_zero : ∀ a : Int, tdiv a 0 = 0
   | ofNat _ => show ofNat _ = _ by simp
   | -[_+1] => rfl
 
@@ -159,16 +156,17 @@ unseal Nat.div in
 
 /-! ### div equivalences  -/
 
-theorem div_eq_ediv : ∀ {a b : Int}, 0 ≤ a → 0 ≤ b → a.div b = a / b
+theorem tdiv_eq_ediv : ∀ {a b : Int}, 0 ≤ a → 0 ≤ b → a.tdiv b = a / b
   | 0, _, _, _ | _, 0, _, _ => by simp
   | succ _, succ _, _, _ => rfl
 
+
 theorem fdiv_eq_ediv : ∀ (a : Int) {b : Int}, 0 ≤ b → fdiv a b = a / b
   | 0, _, _ | -[_+1], 0, _ => by simp
   | succ _, ofNat _, _ | -[_+1], succ _, _ => rfl
 
-theorem fdiv_eq_div {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fdiv a b = div a b :=
-  div_eq_ediv Ha Hb ▸ fdiv_eq_ediv _ Hb
+theorem fdiv_eq_tdiv {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fdiv a b = tdiv a b :=
+  tdiv_eq_ediv Ha Hb ▸ fdiv_eq_ediv _ Hb
 
 /-! ### mod zero -/
 
@@ -178,9 +176,9 @@ theorem fdiv_eq_div {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fdiv a b = div a
   | ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.mod_zero _
   | -[_+1]  => congrArg negSucc <| Nat.mod_zero _
 
-@[simp] theorem zero_mod (b : Int) : mod 0 b = 0 := by cases b <;> simp [mod]
+@[simp] theorem zero_tmod (b : Int) : tmod 0 b = 0 := by cases b <;> simp [tmod]
 
-@[simp] theorem mod_zero : ∀ a : Int, mod a 0 = a
+@[simp] theorem tmod_zero : ∀ a : Int, tmod a 0 = a
   | ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.mod_zero _
   | -[_+1] => congrArg (fun n => -ofNat n) <| Nat.mod_zero _
 
@@ -196,7 +194,7 @@ theorem fdiv_eq_div {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fdiv a b = div a
 @[simp, norm_cast] theorem ofNat_emod (m n : Nat) : (↑(m % n) : Int) = m % n := rfl
 
 
-/-! ### mod definitiions -/
+/-! ### mod definitions -/
 
 theorem emod_add_ediv : ∀ a b : Int, a % b + b * (a / b) = a
   | ofNat _, ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.mod_add_div ..
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ theorem ediv_add_emod' (a b : Int) : a / b * b + a % b = a := by
 theorem emod_def (a b : Int) : a % b = a - b * (a / b) := by
   rw [← Int.add_sub_cancel (a % b), emod_add_ediv]
 
-theorem mod_add_div : ∀ a b : Int, mod a b + b * (a.div b) = a
+theorem tmod_add_tdiv : ∀ a b : Int, tmod a b + b * (a.tdiv b) = a
   | ofNat _, ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat (Nat.mod_add_div ..)
   | ofNat m, -[n+1] => by
     show (m % succ n + -↑(succ n) * -↑(m / succ n) : Int) = m
@@ -241,21 +239,21 @@ theorem mod_add_div : ∀ a b : Int, mod a b + b * (a.div b) = a
     rw [Int.neg_mul, ← Int.neg_add]
     exact congrArg (-ofNat ·) (Nat.mod_add_div ..)
 
-theorem div_add_mod (a b : Int) : b * a.div b + mod a b = a := by
-  rw [Int.add_comm]; apply mod_add_div ..
+theorem tdiv_add_tmod (a b : Int) : b * a.tdiv b + tmod a b = a := by
+  rw [Int.add_comm]; apply tmod_add_tdiv ..
 
-theorem mod_add_div' (m k : Int) : mod m k + m.div k * k = m := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm]; apply mod_add_div
+theorem tmod_add_tdiv' (m k : Int) : tmod m k + m.tdiv k * k = m := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm]; apply tmod_add_tdiv
 
-theorem div_add_mod' (m k : Int) : m.div k * k + mod m k = m := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm]; apply div_add_mod
+theorem tdiv_add_tmod' (m k : Int) : m.tdiv k * k + tmod m k = m := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm]; apply tdiv_add_tmod
 
-theorem mod_def (a b : Int) : mod a b = a - b * a.div b := by
-  rw [← Int.add_sub_cancel (mod a b), mod_add_div]
+theorem tmod_def (a b : Int) : tmod a b = a - b * a.tdiv b := by
+  rw [← Int.add_sub_cancel (tmod a b), tmod_add_tdiv]
 
 theorem fmod_add_fdiv : ∀ a b : Int, a.fmod b + b * a.fdiv b = a
   | 0, ofNat _ | 0, -[_+1] => congrArg ofNat <| by simp
-  | succ m, ofNat n => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.mod_add_div ..
+  | succ _, ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.mod_add_div ..
   | succ m, -[n+1] => by
     show subNatNat (m % succ n) n + (↑(succ n * (m / succ n)) + n + 1) = (m + 1)
     rw [Int.add_comm _ n, ← Int.add_assoc, ← Int.add_assoc,
@@ -281,18 +279,18 @@ theorem fmod_def (a b : Int) : a.fmod b = a - b * a.fdiv b := by
 theorem fmod_eq_emod (a : Int) {b : Int} (hb : 0 ≤ b) : fmod a b = a % b := by
   simp [fmod_def, emod_def, fdiv_eq_ediv _ hb]
 
-theorem mod_eq_emod {a b : Int} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (hb : 0 ≤ b) : mod a b = a % b := by
-  simp [emod_def, mod_def, div_eq_ediv ha hb]
+theorem tmod_eq_emod {a b : Int} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (hb : 0 ≤ b) : tmod a b = a % b := by
+  simp [emod_def, tmod_def, tdiv_eq_ediv ha hb]
 
-theorem fmod_eq_mod {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fmod a b = mod a b :=
-  mod_eq_emod Ha Hb ▸ fmod_eq_emod _ Hb
+theorem fmod_eq_tmod {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : fmod a b = tmod a b :=
+  tmod_eq_emod Ha Hb ▸ fmod_eq_emod _ Hb
 
 /-! ### `/` ediv -/
 
 @[simp] protected theorem ediv_neg : ∀ a b : Int, a / (-b) = -(a / b)
   | ofNat m, 0 => show ofNat (m / 0) = -↑(m / 0) by rw [Nat.div_zero]; rfl
-  | ofNat m, -[n+1] => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
-  | ofNat m, succ n | -[m+1], 0 | -[m+1], succ n | -[m+1], -[n+1] => rfl
+  | ofNat _, -[_+1] => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
+  | ofNat _, succ _ | -[_+1], 0 | -[_+1], succ _ | -[_+1], -[_+1] => rfl
 
 theorem ediv_neg' {a b : Int} (Ha : a < 0) (Hb : 0 < b) : a / b < 0 :=
   match a, b, eq_negSucc_of_lt_zero Ha, eq_succ_of_zero_lt Hb with
@@ -300,7 +298,7 @@ theorem ediv_neg' {a b : Int} (Ha : a < 0) (Hb : 0 < b) : a / b < 0 :=
 
 protected theorem div_def (a b : Int) : a / b = Int.ediv a b := rfl
 
-theorem negSucc_ediv (m : Nat) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : -[m+1] / b = -(div m b + 1) :=
+theorem negSucc_ediv (m : Nat) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : -[m+1] / b = -(ediv m b + 1) :=
   match b, eq_succ_of_zero_lt H with
   | _, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => rfl
 
@@ -308,6 +306,22 @@ theorem ediv_nonneg {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : 0 ≤ a / b :=
   match a, b, eq_ofNat_of_zero_le Ha, eq_ofNat_of_zero_le Hb with
   | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => ofNat_zero_le _
 
+theorem ediv_nonneg_of_nonpos_of_nonpos {a b : Int} (Ha : a ≤ 0) (Hb : b ≤ 0) : 0 ≤ a / b := by
+  match a, b with
+  | ofNat a, b =>
+    match Int.le_antisymm Ha (ofNat_zero_le a) with
+    | h1 =>
+      rw [h1, zero_ediv]
+      exact Int.le_refl 0
+  | a, ofNat b =>
+    match Int.le_antisymm Hb (ofNat_zero_le  b) with
+    | h1 =>
+      rw [h1, Int.ediv_zero]
+      exact Int.le_refl 0
+  | negSucc a, negSucc b =>
+    rw [Int.div_def, ediv]
+    exact le_add_one (ediv_nonneg (ofNat_zero_le a) (Int.le_trans (ofNat_zero_le b) (le.intro 1 rfl)))
+
 theorem ediv_nonpos {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : b ≤ 0) : a / b ≤ 0 :=
   Int.nonpos_of_neg_nonneg <| Int.ediv_neg .. ▸ Int.ediv_nonneg Ha (Int.neg_nonneg_of_nonpos Hb)
 
@@ -325,7 +339,7 @@ theorem add_mul_ediv_right (a b : Int) {c : Int} (H : c ≠ 0) : (a + b * c) / c
       | _, ⟨k, rfl⟩, -[n+1] => show (a - n.succ * k.succ).ediv k.succ = a.ediv k.succ - n.succ by
         rw [← Int.add_sub_cancel (ediv ..), ← this, Int.sub_add_cancel]
   fun {k n} => @fun
-  | ofNat m => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.add_mul_div_right _ _ k.succ_pos
+  | ofNat _ => congrArg ofNat <| Nat.add_mul_div_right _ _ k.succ_pos
   | -[m+1] => by
     show ((n * k.succ : Nat) - m.succ : Int).ediv k.succ = n - (m / k.succ + 1 : Nat)
     by_cases h : m < n * k.succ
@@ -357,6 +371,7 @@ theorem add_ediv_of_dvd_left {a b c : Int} (H : c ∣ a) : (a + b) / c = a / c +
 @[simp] theorem mul_ediv_cancel_left (b : Int) (H : a ≠ 0) : (a * b) / a = b :=
   Int.mul_comm .. ▸ Int.mul_ediv_cancel _ H
 
+
 theorem div_nonneg_iff_of_pos {a b : Int} (h : 0 < b) : a / b ≥ 0 ↔ a ≥ 0 := by
   rw [Int.div_def]
   match b, h with
@@ -381,7 +396,7 @@ theorem add_mul_ediv_left (a : Int) {b : Int}
       rw [Int.mul_neg, Int.ediv_neg, Int.ediv_neg]; apply congrArg Neg.neg; apply this
   fun m k b =>
   match b, k with
-  | ofNat n, k => congrArg ofNat (Nat.mul_div_mul_left _ _ m.succ_pos)
+  | ofNat _, _ => congrArg ofNat (Nat.mul_div_mul_left _ _ m.succ_pos)
   | -[n+1], 0 => by
     rw [Int.ofNat_zero, Int.mul_zero, Int.ediv_zero, Int.ediv_zero]
   | -[n+1], succ k => congrArg negSucc <|
@@ -454,6 +469,12 @@ theorem lt_mul_ediv_self_add {x k : Int} (h : 0 < k) : x < k * (x / k) + k :=
 @[simp] theorem add_mul_emod_self_left (a b c : Int) : (a + b * c) % b = a % b := by
   rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.add_mul_emod_self]
 
+@[simp] theorem add_neg_mul_emod_self {a b c : Int} : (a + -(b * c)) % c = a % c := by
+  rw [Int.neg_mul_eq_neg_mul, add_mul_emod_self]
+
+@[simp] theorem add_neg_mul_emod_self_left {a b c : Int} : (a + -(b * c)) % b = a % b := by
+  rw [Int.neg_mul_eq_mul_neg, add_mul_emod_self_left]
+
 @[simp] theorem add_emod_self {a b : Int} : (a + b) % b = a % b := by
   have := add_mul_emod_self_left a b 1; rwa [Int.mul_one] at this
 
@@ -498,9 +519,12 @@ theorem mul_emod (a b n : Int) : (a * b) % n = (a % n) * (b % n) % n := by
     Int.mul_assoc, Int.mul_assoc, ← Int.mul_add n _ _, add_mul_emod_self_left,
     ← Int.mul_assoc, add_mul_emod_self]
 
-@[local simp] theorem emod_self {a : Int} : a % a = 0 := by
+@[simp] theorem emod_self {a : Int} : a % a = 0 := by
   have := mul_emod_left 1 a; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
 
+@[simp] theorem neg_emod_self (a : Int) : -a % a = 0 := by
+  rw [neg_emod, Int.sub_self, zero_emod]
+
 @[simp] theorem emod_emod_of_dvd (n : Int) {m k : Int}
     (h : m ∣ k) : (n % k) % m = n % m := by
   conv => rhs; rw [← emod_add_ediv n k]
@@ -593,9 +617,17 @@ theorem dvd_emod_sub_self {x : Int} {m : Nat} : (m : Int) ∣ x % m - x := by
 theorem emod_eq_zero_of_dvd : ∀ {a b : Int}, a ∣ b → b % a = 0
   | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => mul_emod_right ..
 
-theorem dvd_iff_emod_eq_zero (a b : Int) : a ∣ b ↔ b % a = 0 :=
+theorem dvd_iff_emod_eq_zero {a b : Int} : a ∣ b ↔ b % a = 0 :=
   ⟨emod_eq_zero_of_dvd, dvd_of_emod_eq_zero⟩
 
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_emod_left (a b : Int) : -(a * b) % b = 0 := by
+  rw [← dvd_iff_emod_eq_zero, Int.dvd_neg]
+  exact Int.dvd_mul_left a b
+
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_emod_right (a b : Int) : -(a * b) % a = 0 := by
+  rw [← dvd_iff_emod_eq_zero, Int.dvd_neg]
+  exact Int.dvd_mul_right a b
+
 instance decidableDvd : DecidableRel (α := Int) (· ∣ ·) := fun _ _ =>
   decidable_of_decidable_of_iff (dvd_iff_emod_eq_zero ..).symm
 
@@ -620,6 +652,12 @@ theorem neg_ediv_of_dvd : ∀ {a b : Int}, b ∣ a → (-a) / b = -(a / b)
     · simp [bz]
     · rw [Int.neg_mul_eq_mul_neg, Int.mul_ediv_cancel_left _ bz, Int.mul_ediv_cancel_left _ bz]
 
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_ediv_cancel (a b : Int) (h : b ≠ 0) : -(a * b) / b = -a := by
+  rw [neg_ediv_of_dvd (Int.dvd_mul_left a b), mul_ediv_cancel _ h]
+
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_ediv_cancel_left (a b : Int) (h : a ≠ 0) : -(a * b) / a = -b := by
+  rw [neg_ediv_of_dvd (Int.dvd_mul_right a b), mul_ediv_cancel_left _ h]
+
 theorem sub_ediv_of_dvd (a : Int) {b c : Int}
     (hcb : c ∣ b) : (a - b) / c = a / c - b / c := by
   rw [Int.sub_eq_add_neg, Int.sub_eq_add_neg, Int.add_ediv_of_dvd_right (Int.dvd_neg.2 hcb)]
@@ -635,13 +673,22 @@ theorem sub_ediv_of_dvd (a : Int) {b c : Int}
 @[simp] protected theorem ediv_self {a : Int} (H : a ≠ 0) : a / a = 1 := by
   have := Int.mul_ediv_cancel 1 H; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
 
+@[simp] protected theorem neg_ediv_self (a : Int) (h : a ≠ 0) : (-a) / a = -1 := by
+  rw [neg_ediv_of_dvd (Int.dvd_refl a), Int.ediv_self h]
+
 @[simp]
-theorem emod_sub_cancel (x y : Int): (x - y)%y = x%y := by
+theorem emod_sub_cancel (x y : Int): (x - y) % y = x % y := by
   by_cases h : y = 0
   · simp [h]
   · simp only [Int.emod_def, Int.sub_ediv_of_dvd, Int.dvd_refl, Int.ediv_self h, Int.mul_sub]
     simp [Int.mul_one, Int.sub_sub, Int.add_comm y]
 
+@[simp] theorem add_neg_emod_self (a b : Int) : (a + -b) % b = a % b := by
+  rw [← Int.sub_eq_add_neg, emod_sub_cancel]
+
+@[simp] theorem neg_add_emod_self (a b : Int) : (-a + b) % a = b % a := by
+  rw [Int.add_comm, add_neg_emod_self]
+
 /-- If `a % b = c` then `b` divides `a - c`. -/
 theorem dvd_sub_of_emod_eq {a b c : Int} (h : a % b = c) : b ∣ a - c := by
   have hx : (a % b) % b = c % b := by
@@ -754,7 +801,7 @@ protected theorem lt_ediv_of_mul_lt {a b c : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ b) (H2 : b ∣ c)
     a < c / b :=
   Int.lt_of_not_ge <| mt (Int.le_mul_of_ediv_le H1 H2) (Int.not_le_of_gt H3)
 
-protected theorem lt_ediv_iff_mul_lt {a b : Int} (c : Int) (H : 0 < c) (H' : c ∣ b) :
+protected theorem lt_ediv_iff_mul_lt {a b : Int} {c : Int} (H : 0 < c) (H' : c ∣ b) :
     a < b / c ↔ a * c < b :=
   ⟨Int.mul_lt_of_lt_ediv H, Int.lt_ediv_of_mul_lt (Int.le_of_lt H) H'⟩
 
@@ -766,179 +813,191 @@ theorem ediv_eq_ediv_of_mul_eq_mul {a b c d : Int}
   Int.ediv_eq_of_eq_mul_right H3 <| by
     rw [← Int.mul_ediv_assoc _ H2]; exact (Int.ediv_eq_of_eq_mul_left H4 H5.symm).symm
 
-/-! ### div -/
+/-! ### tdiv -/
 
-@[simp] protected theorem div_one : ∀ a : Int, a.div 1 = a
+@[simp] protected theorem tdiv_one : ∀ a : Int, a.tdiv 1 = a
   | (n:Nat) => congrArg ofNat (Nat.div_one _)
-  | -[n+1] => by simp [Int.div, neg_ofNat_succ]; rfl
+  | -[n+1] => by simp [Int.tdiv, neg_ofNat_succ]; rfl
 
 unseal Nat.div in
-@[simp] protected theorem div_neg : ∀ a b : Int, a.div (-b) = -(a.div b)
+@[simp] protected theorem tdiv_neg : ∀ a b : Int, a.tdiv (-b) = -(a.tdiv b)
   | ofNat m, 0 => show ofNat (m / 0) = -↑(m / 0) by rw [Nat.div_zero]; rfl
-  | ofNat m, -[n+1] | -[m+1], succ n => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
-  | ofNat m, succ n | -[m+1], 0 | -[m+1], -[n+1] => rfl
+  | ofNat _, -[_+1] | -[_+1], succ _ => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
+  | ofNat _, succ _ | -[_+1], 0 | -[_+1], -[_+1] => rfl
 
 unseal Nat.div in
-@[simp] protected theorem neg_div : ∀ a b : Int, (-a).div b = -(a.div b)
+@[simp] protected theorem neg_tdiv : ∀ a b : Int, (-a).tdiv b = -(a.tdiv b)
   | 0, n => by simp [Int.neg_zero]
-  | succ m, (n:Nat) | -[m+1], 0 | -[m+1], -[n+1] => rfl
-  | succ m, -[n+1] | -[m+1], succ n => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
+  | succ _, (n:Nat) | -[_+1], 0 | -[_+1], -[_+1] => rfl
+  | succ _, -[_+1] | -[_+1], succ _ => (Int.neg_neg _).symm
 
-protected theorem neg_div_neg (a b : Int) : (-a).div (-b) = a.div b := by
-  simp [Int.div_neg, Int.neg_div, Int.neg_neg]
+protected theorem neg_tdiv_neg (a b : Int) : (-a).tdiv (-b) = a.tdiv b := by
+  simp [Int.tdiv_neg, Int.neg_tdiv, Int.neg_neg]
 
-protected theorem div_nonneg {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : 0 ≤ a.div b :=
+protected theorem tdiv_nonneg {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : 0 ≤ b) : 0 ≤ a.tdiv b :=
   match a, b, eq_ofNat_of_zero_le Ha, eq_ofNat_of_zero_le Hb with
   | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => ofNat_zero_le _
 
-protected theorem div_nonpos {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : b ≤ 0) : a.div b ≤ 0 :=
-  Int.nonpos_of_neg_nonneg <| Int.div_neg .. ▸ Int.div_nonneg Ha (Int.neg_nonneg_of_nonpos Hb)
+protected theorem tdiv_nonpos {a b : Int} (Ha : 0 ≤ a) (Hb : b ≤ 0) : a.tdiv b ≤ 0 :=
+  Int.nonpos_of_neg_nonneg <| Int.tdiv_neg .. ▸ Int.tdiv_nonneg Ha (Int.neg_nonneg_of_nonpos Hb)
 
-theorem div_eq_zero_of_lt {a b : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ a) (H2 : a < b) : a.div b = 0 :=
+theorem tdiv_eq_zero_of_lt {a b : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ a) (H2 : a < b) : a.tdiv b = 0 :=
   match a, b, eq_ofNat_of_zero_le H1, eq_succ_of_zero_lt (Int.lt_of_le_of_lt H1 H2) with
   | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => congrArg Nat.cast <| Nat.div_eq_of_lt <| ofNat_lt.1 H2
 
-@[simp] protected theorem mul_div_cancel (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : b ≠ 0) : (a * b).div b = a :=
-  have : ∀ {a b : Nat}, (b : Int) ≠ 0 → (div (a * b) b : Int) = a := fun H => by
-    rw [← ofNat_mul, ← ofNat_div,
+@[simp] protected theorem mul_tdiv_cancel (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : b ≠ 0) : (a * b).tdiv b = a :=
+  have : ∀ {a b : Nat}, (b : Int) ≠ 0 → (tdiv (a * b) b : Int) = a := fun H => by
+    rw [← ofNat_mul, ← ofNat_tdiv,
       Nat.mul_div_cancel _ <| Nat.pos_of_ne_zero <| Int.ofNat_ne_zero.1 H]
   match a, b, a.eq_nat_or_neg, b.eq_nat_or_neg with
   | _, _, ⟨a, .inl rfl⟩, ⟨b, .inl rfl⟩ => this H
   | _, _, ⟨a, .inl rfl⟩, ⟨b, .inr rfl⟩ => by
-    rw [Int.mul_neg, Int.neg_div, Int.div_neg, Int.neg_neg,
+    rw [Int.mul_neg, Int.neg_tdiv, Int.tdiv_neg, Int.neg_neg,
       this (Int.neg_ne_zero.1 H)]
-  | _, _, ⟨a, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨b, .inl rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_mul, Int.neg_div, this H]
+  | _, _, ⟨a, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨b, .inl rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_mul, Int.neg_tdiv, this H]
   | _, _, ⟨a, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨b, .inr rfl⟩ => by
-    rw [Int.neg_mul_neg, Int.div_neg, this (Int.neg_ne_zero.1 H)]
+    rw [Int.neg_mul_neg, Int.tdiv_neg, this (Int.neg_ne_zero.1 H)]
 
-@[simp] protected theorem mul_div_cancel_left (b : Int) (H : a ≠ 0) : (a * b).div a = b :=
-  Int.mul_comm .. ▸ Int.mul_div_cancel _ H
+@[simp] protected theorem mul_tdiv_cancel_left (b : Int) (H : a ≠ 0) : (a * b).tdiv a = b :=
+  Int.mul_comm .. ▸ Int.mul_tdiv_cancel _ H
 
-@[simp] protected theorem div_self {a : Int} (H : a ≠ 0) : a.div a = 1 := by
-  have := Int.mul_div_cancel 1 H; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
+@[simp] protected theorem tdiv_self {a : Int} (H : a ≠ 0) : a.tdiv a = 1 := by
+  have := Int.mul_tdiv_cancel 1 H; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
 
-theorem mul_div_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : a.mod b = 0) : b * (a.div b) = a := by
-  have := mod_add_div a b; rwa [H, Int.zero_add] at this
+theorem mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : a.tmod b = 0) : b * (a.tdiv b) = a := by
+  have := tmod_add_tdiv a b; rwa [H, Int.zero_add] at this
 
-theorem div_mul_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : a.mod b = 0) : a.div b * b = a := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm, mul_div_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero H]
+theorem tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : a.tmod b = 0) : a.tdiv b * b = a := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm, mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero H]
 
-theorem dvd_of_mod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : mod b a = 0) : a ∣ b :=
-  ⟨b.div a, (mul_div_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero H).symm⟩
+theorem dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero {a b : Int} (H : tmod b a = 0) : a ∣ b :=
+  ⟨b.tdiv a, (mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero H).symm⟩
 
-protected theorem mul_div_assoc (a : Int) : ∀ {b c : Int}, c ∣ b → (a * b).div c = a * (b.div c)
+protected theorem mul_tdiv_assoc (a : Int) : ∀ {b c : Int}, c ∣ b → (a * b).tdiv c = a * (b.tdiv c)
   | _, c, ⟨d, rfl⟩ =>
     if cz : c = 0 then by simp [cz, Int.mul_zero] else by
-      rw [Int.mul_left_comm, Int.mul_div_cancel_left _ cz, Int.mul_div_cancel_left _ cz]
+      rw [Int.mul_left_comm, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left _ cz, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left _ cz]
 
-protected theorem mul_div_assoc' (b : Int) {a c : Int} (h : c ∣ a) :
-    (a * b).div c = a.div c * b := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.mul_div_assoc _ h, Int.mul_comm]
+protected theorem mul_tdiv_assoc' (b : Int) {a c : Int} (h : c ∣ a) :
+    (a * b).tdiv c = a.tdiv c * b := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.mul_tdiv_assoc _ h, Int.mul_comm]
 
-theorem div_dvd_div : ∀ {a b c : Int}, a ∣ b → b ∣ c → b.div a ∣ c.div a
+theorem tdiv_dvd_tdiv : ∀ {a b c : Int}, a ∣ b → b ∣ c → b.tdiv a ∣ c.tdiv a
   | a, _, _, ⟨b, rfl⟩, ⟨c, rfl⟩ => by
     by_cases az : a = 0
     · simp [az]
-    · rw [Int.mul_div_cancel_left _ az, Int.mul_assoc, Int.mul_div_cancel_left _ az]
+    · rw [Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left _ az, Int.mul_assoc, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left _ az]
       apply Int.dvd_mul_right
 
-@[simp] theorem natAbs_div (a b : Int) : natAbs (a.div b) = (natAbs a).div (natAbs b) :=
+@[simp] theorem natAbs_tdiv (a b : Int) : natAbs (a.tdiv b) = (natAbs a).div (natAbs b) :=
   match a, b, eq_nat_or_neg a, eq_nat_or_neg b with
   | _, _, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩ => rfl
-  | _, _, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.div_neg, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
-  | _, _, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_div, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
-  | _, _, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_div_neg, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
+  | _, _, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.tdiv_neg, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
+  | _, _, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inl rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_tdiv, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
+  | _, _, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩, ⟨_, .inr rfl⟩ => by rw [Int.neg_tdiv_neg, natAbs_neg, natAbs_neg]; rfl
 
-protected theorem div_eq_of_eq_mul_right {a b c : Int}
-    (H1 : b ≠ 0) (H2 : a = b * c) : a.div b = c := by rw [H2, Int.mul_div_cancel_left _ H1]
+protected theorem tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right {a b c : Int}
+    (H1 : b ≠ 0) (H2 : a = b * c) : a.tdiv b = c := by rw [H2, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left _ H1]
 
-protected theorem eq_div_of_mul_eq_right {a b c : Int}
-    (H1 : a ≠ 0) (H2 : a * b = c) : b = c.div a :=
-  (Int.div_eq_of_eq_mul_right H1 H2.symm).symm
+protected theorem eq_tdiv_of_mul_eq_right {a b c : Int}
+    (H1 : a ≠ 0) (H2 : a * b = c) : b = c.tdiv a :=
+  (Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right H1 H2.symm).symm
 
 /-! ### (t-)mod -/
 
-theorem ofNat_mod (m n : Nat) : (↑(m % n) : Int) = mod m n := rfl
+theorem ofNat_tmod (m n : Nat) : (↑(m % n) : Int) = tmod m n := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem mod_one (a : Int) : mod a 1 = 0 := by
-  simp [mod_def, Int.div_one, Int.one_mul, Int.sub_self]
+@[simp] theorem tmod_one (a : Int) : tmod a 1 = 0 := by
+  simp [tmod_def, Int.tdiv_one, Int.one_mul, Int.sub_self]
 
-theorem mod_eq_of_lt {a b : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ a) (H2 : a < b) : mod a b = a := by
-  rw [mod_eq_emod H1 (Int.le_trans H1 (Int.le_of_lt H2)), emod_eq_of_lt H1 H2]
+theorem tmod_eq_of_lt {a b : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ a) (H2 : a < b) : tmod a b = a := by
+  rw [tmod_eq_emod H1 (Int.le_trans H1 (Int.le_of_lt H2)), emod_eq_of_lt H1 H2]
 
-theorem mod_lt_of_pos (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : mod a b < b :=
+theorem tmod_lt_of_pos (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : tmod a b < b :=
   match a, b, eq_succ_of_zero_lt H with
   | ofNat _, _, ⟨n, rfl⟩ => ofNat_lt.2 <| Nat.mod_lt _ n.succ_pos
   | -[_+1], _, ⟨n, rfl⟩ => Int.lt_of_le_of_lt
     (Int.neg_nonpos_of_nonneg <| Int.ofNat_nonneg _) (ofNat_pos.2 n.succ_pos)
 
-theorem mod_nonneg : ∀ {a : Int} (b : Int), 0 ≤ a → 0 ≤ mod a b
+theorem tmod_nonneg : ∀ {a : Int} (b : Int), 0 ≤ a → 0 ≤ tmod a b
   | ofNat _, -[_+1], _ | ofNat _, ofNat _, _ => ofNat_nonneg _
 
-@[simp] theorem mod_neg (a b : Int) : mod a (-b) = mod a b := by
-  rw [mod_def, mod_def, Int.div_neg, Int.neg_mul_neg]
+@[simp] theorem tmod_neg (a b : Int) : tmod a (-b) = tmod a b := by
+  rw [tmod_def, tmod_def, Int.tdiv_neg, Int.neg_mul_neg]
 
-@[simp] theorem mul_mod_left (a b : Int) : (a * b).mod b = 0 :=
+@[simp] theorem mul_tmod_left (a b : Int) : (a * b).tmod b = 0 :=
   if h : b = 0 then by simp [h, Int.mul_zero] else by
-    rw [Int.mod_def, Int.mul_div_cancel _ h, Int.mul_comm, Int.sub_self]
+    rw [Int.tmod_def, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel _ h, Int.mul_comm, Int.sub_self]
 
-@[simp] theorem mul_mod_right (a b : Int) : (a * b).mod a = 0 := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm, mul_mod_left]
+@[simp] theorem mul_tmod_right (a b : Int) : (a * b).tmod a = 0 := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm, mul_tmod_left]
 
-theorem mod_eq_zero_of_dvd : ∀ {a b : Int}, a ∣ b → mod b a = 0
-  | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => mul_mod_right ..
+theorem tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd : ∀ {a b : Int}, a ∣ b → tmod b a = 0
+  | _, _, ⟨_, rfl⟩ => mul_tmod_right ..
 
-theorem dvd_iff_mod_eq_zero (a b : Int) : a ∣ b ↔ mod b a = 0 :=
-  ⟨mod_eq_zero_of_dvd, dvd_of_mod_eq_zero⟩
+theorem dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero {a b : Int} : a ∣ b ↔ tmod b a = 0 :=
+  ⟨tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd, dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero⟩
 
-protected theorem div_mul_cancel {a b : Int} (H : b ∣ a) : a.div b * b = a :=
-  div_mul_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero (mod_eq_zero_of_dvd H)
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_tmod_right (a b : Int) : (-(a * b)).tmod a = 0 := by
+  rw [← dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero, Int.dvd_neg]
+  exact Int.dvd_mul_right a b
 
-protected theorem mul_div_cancel' {a b : Int} (H : a ∣ b) : a * b.div a = b := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.div_mul_cancel H]
+@[simp] theorem neg_mul_tmod_left (a b : Int) : (-(a * b)).tmod b = 0 := by
+  rw [← dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero, Int.dvd_neg]
+  exact Int.dvd_mul_left a b
 
-protected theorem eq_mul_of_div_eq_right {a b c : Int}
-    (H1 : b ∣ a) (H2 : a.div b = c) : a = b * c := by rw [← H2, Int.mul_div_cancel' H1]
+protected theorem tdiv_mul_cancel {a b : Int} (H : b ∣ a) : a.tdiv b * b = a :=
+  tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero (tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd H)
 
-@[simp] theorem mod_self {a : Int} : a.mod a = 0 := by
-  have := mul_mod_left 1 a; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
+protected theorem mul_tdiv_cancel' {a b : Int} (H : a ∣ b) : a * b.tdiv a = b := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.tdiv_mul_cancel H]
 
-theorem lt_div_add_one_mul_self (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : a < (a.div b + 1) * b := by
+protected theorem eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right {a b c : Int}
+    (H1 : b ∣ a) (H2 : a.tdiv b = c) : a = b * c := by rw [← H2, Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' H1]
+
+@[simp] theorem tmod_self {a : Int} : a.tmod a = 0 := by
+  have := mul_tmod_left 1 a; rwa [Int.one_mul] at this
+
+@[simp] theorem neg_tmod_self (a : Int) : (-a).tmod a = 0 := by
+  rw [← dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero, Int.dvd_neg]
+  exact Int.dvd_refl a
+
+theorem lt_tdiv_add_one_mul_self (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : a < (a.tdiv b + 1) * b := by
   rw [Int.add_mul, Int.one_mul, Int.mul_comm]
-  exact Int.lt_add_of_sub_left_lt <| Int.mod_def .. ▸ mod_lt_of_pos _ H
+  exact Int.lt_add_of_sub_left_lt <| Int.tmod_def .. ▸ tmod_lt_of_pos _ H
 
-protected theorem div_eq_iff_eq_mul_right {a b c : Int}
-    (H : b ≠ 0) (H' : b ∣ a) : a.div b = c ↔ a = b * c :=
-  ⟨Int.eq_mul_of_div_eq_right H', Int.div_eq_of_eq_mul_right H⟩
+protected theorem tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right {a b c : Int}
+    (H : b ≠ 0) (H' : b ∣ a) : a.tdiv b = c ↔ a = b * c :=
+  ⟨Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right H', Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right H⟩
 
-protected theorem div_eq_iff_eq_mul_left {a b c : Int}
-    (H : b ≠ 0) (H' : b ∣ a) : a.div b = c ↔ a = c * b := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm]; exact Int.div_eq_iff_eq_mul_right H H'
+protected theorem tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left {a b c : Int}
+    (H : b ≠ 0) (H' : b ∣ a) : a.tdiv b = c ↔ a = c * b := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm]; exact Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right H H'
 
-protected theorem eq_mul_of_div_eq_left {a b c : Int}
-    (H1 : b ∣ a) (H2 : a.div b = c) : a = c * b := by
-  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.eq_mul_of_div_eq_right H1 H2]
+protected theorem eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_left {a b c : Int}
+    (H1 : b ∣ a) (H2 : a.tdiv b = c) : a = c * b := by
+  rw [Int.mul_comm, Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right H1 H2]
 
-protected theorem div_eq_of_eq_mul_left {a b c : Int}
-    (H1 : b ≠ 0) (H2 : a = c * b) : a.div b = c :=
-  Int.div_eq_of_eq_mul_right H1 (by rw [Int.mul_comm, H2])
+protected theorem tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left {a b c : Int}
+    (H1 : b ≠ 0) (H2 : a = c * b) : a.tdiv b = c :=
+  Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right H1 (by rw [Int.mul_comm, H2])
 
-protected theorem eq_zero_of_div_eq_zero {d n : Int} (h : d ∣ n) (H : n.div d = 0) : n = 0 := by
-  rw [← Int.mul_div_cancel' h, H, Int.mul_zero]
+protected theorem eq_zero_of_tdiv_eq_zero {d n : Int} (h : d ∣ n) (H : n.tdiv d = 0) : n = 0 := by
+  rw [← Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' h, H, Int.mul_zero]
 
-@[simp] protected theorem div_left_inj {a b d : Int}
-    (hda : d ∣ a) (hdb : d ∣ b) : a.div d = b.div d ↔ a = b := by
-  refine ⟨fun h => ?_, congrArg (div · d)⟩
-  rw [← Int.mul_div_cancel' hda, ← Int.mul_div_cancel' hdb, h]
+@[simp] protected theorem tdiv_left_inj {a b d : Int}
+    (hda : d ∣ a) (hdb : d ∣ b) : a.tdiv d = b.tdiv d ↔ a = b := by
+  refine ⟨fun h => ?_, congrArg (tdiv · d)⟩
+  rw [← Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' hda, ← Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' hdb, h]
 
-theorem div_sign : ∀ a b, a.div (sign b) = a * sign b
+theorem tdiv_sign : ∀ a b, a.tdiv (sign b) = a * sign b
   | _, succ _ => by simp [sign, Int.mul_one]
   | _, 0 => by simp [sign, Int.mul_zero]
   | _, -[_+1] => by simp [sign, Int.mul_neg, Int.mul_one]
 
-protected theorem sign_eq_div_abs (a : Int) : sign a = a.div (natAbs a) :=
+protected theorem sign_eq_tdiv_abs (a : Int) : sign a = a.tdiv (natAbs a) :=
   if az : a = 0 then by simp [az] else
-    (Int.div_eq_of_eq_mul_left (ofNat_ne_zero.2 <| natAbs_ne_zero.2 az)
+    (Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left (ofNat_ne_zero.2 <| natAbs_ne_zero.2 az)
       (sign_mul_natAbs _).symm).symm
 
 /-! ### fdiv -/
@@ -991,7 +1050,7 @@ theorem fmod_eq_of_lt {a b : Int} (H1 : 0 ≤ a) (H2 : a < b) : a.fmod b = a :=
   rw [fmod_eq_emod _ (Int.le_trans H1 (Int.le_of_lt H2)), emod_eq_of_lt H1 H2]
 
 theorem fmod_nonneg {a b : Int} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (hb : 0 ≤ b) : 0 ≤ a.fmod b :=
-  fmod_eq_mod ha hb ▸ mod_nonneg _ ha
+  fmod_eq_tmod ha hb ▸ tmod_nonneg _ ha
 
 theorem fmod_nonneg' (a : Int) {b : Int} (hb : 0 < b) : 0 ≤ a.fmod b :=
   fmod_eq_emod _ (Int.le_of_lt hb) ▸ emod_nonneg _ (Int.ne_of_lt hb).symm
@@ -1011,10 +1070,10 @@ theorem fmod_lt_of_pos (a : Int) {b : Int} (H : 0 < b) : a.fmod b < b :=
 
 /-! ### Theorems crossing div/mod versions -/
 
-theorem div_eq_ediv_of_dvd {a b : Int} (h : b ∣ a) : a.div b = a / b := by
+theorem tdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd {a b : Int} (h : b ∣ a) : a.tdiv b = a / b := by
   by_cases b0 : b = 0
   · simp [b0]
-  · rw [Int.div_eq_iff_eq_mul_left b0 h, ← Int.ediv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left b0 h]
+  · rw [Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left b0 h, ← Int.ediv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left b0 h]
 
 theorem fdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd : ∀ {a b : Int}, b ∣ a → a.fdiv b = a / b
   | _, b, ⟨c, rfl⟩ => by
@@ -1091,8 +1150,7 @@ theorem bmod_mul_bmod : Int.bmod (Int.bmod x n * y) n = Int.bmod (x * y) n := by
   next p =>
     simp
   next p =>
-    rw [Int.sub_mul, Int.sub_eq_add_neg, ← Int.mul_neg]
-    simp
+    rw [Int.sub_mul, Int.sub_eq_add_neg, ← Int.mul_neg, bmod_add_mul_cancel, emod_mul_bmod_congr]
 
 @[simp] theorem mul_bmod_bmod : Int.bmod (x * Int.bmod y n) n = Int.bmod (x * y) n := by
   rw [Int.mul_comm x, bmod_mul_bmod, Int.mul_comm x]
@@ -1109,7 +1167,7 @@ theorem emod_bmod {x : Int} {m : Nat} : bmod (x % m) m = bmod x m := by
 
 @[simp] theorem bmod_zero : Int.bmod 0 m = 0 := by
   dsimp [bmod]
-  simp only [zero_emod, Int.zero_sub, ite_eq_left_iff, Int.neg_eq_zero]
+  simp only [Int.zero_sub, ite_eq_left_iff, Int.neg_eq_zero]
   intro h
   rw [@Int.not_lt] at h
   match m with
@@ -1227,3 +1285,65 @@ theorem bmod_natAbs_plus_one (x : Int) (w : 1 < x.natAbs) : bmod x (x.natAbs + 1
           all_goals decide
     · exact ofNat_nonneg x
     · exact succ_ofNat_pos (x + 1)
+
+/-! ### Deprecations -/
+
+@[deprecated Int.zero_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev zero_div := @Int.zero_tdiv
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_zero := @Int.tdiv_zero
+@[deprecated tdiv_eq_ediv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_ediv := @tdiv_eq_ediv
+@[deprecated fdiv_eq_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev fdiv_eq_div := @fdiv_eq_tdiv
+@[deprecated zero_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev zero_mod := @zero_tmod
+@[deprecated tmod_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_zero := @tmod_zero
+@[deprecated tmod_add_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_add_div := @tmod_add_tdiv
+@[deprecated tdiv_add_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_add_mod := @tdiv_add_tmod
+@[deprecated tmod_add_tdiv' (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_add_div' := @tmod_add_tdiv'
+@[deprecated tdiv_add_tmod' (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_add_mod' := @tdiv_add_tmod'
+@[deprecated tmod_def (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_def := @tmod_def
+@[deprecated tmod_eq_emod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_emod := @tmod_eq_emod
+@[deprecated fmod_eq_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev fmod_eq_mod := @fmod_eq_tmod
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_one (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_one := @Int.tdiv_one
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_neg := @Int.tdiv_neg
+@[deprecated Int.neg_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev neg_div := @Int.neg_tdiv
+@[deprecated Int.neg_tdiv_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev neg_div_neg := @Int.neg_tdiv_neg
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_nonneg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_nonneg := @Int.tdiv_nonneg
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_nonpos (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_nonpos := @Int.tdiv_nonpos
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_zero_of_lt (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_zero_of_lt := @Int.tdiv_eq_zero_of_lt
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel_left := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_self (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_self := @Int.tdiv_self
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_div_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_mul_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero
+@[deprecated Int.dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev dvd_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_assoc (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_assoc := @Int.mul_tdiv_assoc
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_assoc' (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_assoc' := @Int.mul_tdiv_assoc'
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_dvd_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_dvd_div := @Int.tdiv_dvd_tdiv
+@[deprecated Int.natAbs_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev natAbs_div := @Int.natAbs_tdiv
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_of_eq_mul_right := @Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right
+@[deprecated Int.eq_tdiv_of_mul_eq_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_div_of_mul_eq_right := @Int.eq_tdiv_of_mul_eq_right
+@[deprecated Int.ofNat_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev ofNat_mod := @Int.ofNat_tmod
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_one (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_one := @Int.tmod_one
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_eq_of_lt (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_of_lt := @Int.tmod_eq_of_lt
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_lt_of_pos (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_lt_of_pos := @Int.tmod_lt_of_pos
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_nonneg (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_nonneg := @Int.tmod_nonneg
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_neg := @Int.tmod_neg
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tmod_left (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_mod_left := @Int.mul_tmod_left
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tmod_right (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_mod_right := @Int.mul_tmod_right
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_zero_of_dvd := @Int.tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd
+@[deprecated Int.dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev dvd_iff_mod_eq_zero := @Int.dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero
+@[deprecated Int.neg_mul_tmod_right (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mul_mod_right := @Int.neg_mul_tmod_right
+@[deprecated Int.neg_mul_tmod_left (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mul_mod_left := @Int.neg_mul_tmod_left
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_mul_cancel (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_mul_cancel := @Int.tdiv_mul_cancel
+@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel' := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel'
+@[deprecated Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_mul_of_div_eq_right := @Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right
+@[deprecated Int.tmod_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_self := @Int.tmod_self
+@[deprecated Int.neg_tmod_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mod_self := @Int.neg_tmod_self
+@[deprecated Int.lt_tdiv_add_one_mul_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev lt_div_add_one_mul_self := @Int.lt_tdiv_add_one_mul_self
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_iff_eq_mul_right := @Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_iff_eq_mul_left := @Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left
+@[deprecated Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_mul_of_div_eq_left := @Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_left
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_of_eq_mul_left := @Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left
+@[deprecated Int.eq_zero_of_tdiv_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_zero_of_div_eq_zero := @Int.eq_zero_of_tdiv_eq_zero
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_left_inj (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_left_inj := @Int.tdiv_left_inj
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_sign (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_sign := @Int.tdiv_sign
+@[deprecated Int.sign_eq_tdiv_abs (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev sign_eq_div_abs := @Int.sign_eq_tdiv_abs
+@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_ediv_of_dvd := @Int.tdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd

src/Init/Data/Int/Lemmas.lean

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ prelude
 import Init.Data.Int.Basic
 import Init.Conv
 import Init.NotationExtra
+import Init.PropLemmas
 
 namespace Int
 
@@ -180,12 +181,12 @@ theorem subNatNat_add_negSucc (m n k : Nat) :
       Nat.add_comm]
 
 protected theorem add_assoc : ∀ a b c : Int, a + b + c = a + (b + c)
-  | (m:Nat), (n:Nat), c => aux1 ..
+  | (m:Nat), (n:Nat), _ => aux1 ..
   | Nat.cast m, b, Nat.cast k => by
     rw [Int.add_comm, ← aux1, Int.add_comm k, aux1, Int.add_comm b]
   | a, (n:Nat), (k:Nat) => by
     rw [Int.add_comm, Int.add_comm a, ← aux1, Int.add_comm a, Int.add_comm k]
-  | -[m+1], -[n+1], (k:Nat) => aux2 ..
+  | -[_+1], -[_+1], (k:Nat) => aux2 ..
   | -[m+1], (n:Nat), -[k+1] => by
     rw [Int.add_comm, ← aux2, Int.add_comm n, ← aux2, Int.add_comm -[m+1]]
   | (m:Nat), -[n+1], -[k+1] => by
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ protected theorem neg_sub (a b : Int) : -(a - b) = b - a := by
 protected theorem sub_sub_self (a b : Int) : a - (a - b) = b := by
   simp [Int.sub_eq_add_neg, ← Int.add_assoc]
 
-protected theorem sub_neg (a b : Int) : a - -b = a + b := by simp [Int.sub_eq_add_neg]
+@[simp] protected theorem sub_neg (a b : Int) : a - -b = a + b := by simp [Int.sub_eq_add_neg]
 
 @[simp] protected theorem sub_add_cancel (a b : Int) : a - b + b = a :=
   Int.neg_add_cancel_right a b
@@ -328,22 +329,22 @@ theorem toNat_sub (m n : Nat) : toNat (m - n) = m - n := by
 /- ## add/sub injectivity -/
 
 @[simp]
-protected theorem add_right_inj (i j k : Int) : (i + k = j + k) ↔ i = j := by
+protected theorem add_right_inj {i j : Int} (k : Int) : (i + k = j + k) ↔ i = j := by
   apply Iff.intro
   · intro p
     rw [←Int.add_sub_cancel i k, ←Int.add_sub_cancel j k, p]
   · exact congrArg (· + k)
 
 @[simp]
-protected theorem add_left_inj (i j k : Int) : (k + i = k + j) ↔ i = j := by
+protected theorem add_left_inj {i j : Int} (k : Int) : (k + i = k + j) ↔ i = j := by
   simp [Int.add_comm k]
 
 @[simp]
-protected theorem sub_left_inj (i j k : Int) : (k - i = k - j) ↔ i = j := by
+protected theorem sub_left_inj {i j : Int} (k : Int) : (k - i = k - j) ↔ i = j := by
   simp [Int.sub_eq_add_neg, Int.neg_inj]
 
 @[simp]
-protected theorem sub_right_inj (i j k : Int) : (i - k = j - k) ↔ i = j := by
+protected theorem sub_right_inj {i j : Int} (k : Int) : (i - k = j - k) ↔ i = j := by
   simp [Int.sub_eq_add_neg]
 
 /- ## Ring properties -/
@@ -444,10 +445,10 @@ protected theorem neg_mul_eq_neg_mul (a b : Int) : -(a * b) = -a * b :=
 protected theorem neg_mul_eq_mul_neg (a b : Int) : -(a * b) = a * -b :=
   Int.neg_eq_of_add_eq_zero <| by rw [← Int.mul_add, Int.add_right_neg, Int.mul_zero]
 
-@[local simp] protected theorem neg_mul (a b : Int) : -a * b = -(a * b) :=
+@[simp] protected theorem neg_mul (a b : Int) : -a * b = -(a * b) :=
   (Int.neg_mul_eq_neg_mul a b).symm
 
-@[local simp] protected theorem mul_neg (a b : Int) : a * -b = -(a * b) :=
+@[simp] protected theorem mul_neg (a b : Int) : a * -b = -(a * b) :=
   (Int.neg_mul_eq_mul_neg a b).symm
 
 protected theorem neg_mul_neg (a b : Int) : -a * -b = a * b := by simp
@@ -486,6 +487,9 @@ protected theorem mul_eq_zero {a b : Int} : a * b = 0 ↔ a = 0 ∨ b = 0 := by
 protected theorem mul_ne_zero {a b : Int} (a0 : a ≠ 0) (b0 : b ≠ 0) : a * b ≠ 0 :=
   Or.rec a0 b0 ∘ Int.mul_eq_zero.mp
 
+@[simp] protected theorem mul_ne_zero_iff {a b : Int} : a * b ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 ∧ b ≠ 0 := by
+  rw [ne_eq, Int.mul_eq_zero, not_or, ne_eq]
+
 protected theorem eq_of_mul_eq_mul_right {a b c : Int} (ha : a ≠ 0) (h : b * a = c * a) : b = c :=
   have : (b - c) * a = 0 := by rwa [Int.sub_mul, Int.sub_eq_zero]
   Int.sub_eq_zero.1 <| (Int.mul_eq_zero.mp this).resolve_right ha

src/Init/Data/Int/LemmasAux.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Data.Int.Order
+import Init.Omega
+
+
+/-!
+# Further lemmas about `Int` relying on `omega` automation.
+-/
+
+namespace Int
+
+@[simp] theorem toNat_sub' (a : Int) (b : Nat) : (a - b).toNat = a.toNat - b := by
+  symm
+  simp only [Int.toNat]
+  split <;> rename_i x a
+  · simp only [Int.ofNat_eq_coe]
+    split <;> rename_i y b h
+    · simp at h
+      omega
+    · simp [Int.negSucc_eq] at h
+      omega
+  · simp only [Nat.zero_sub]
+    split <;> rename_i y b h
+    · simp [Int.negSucc_eq] at h
+      omega
+    · rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem toNat_sub_max_self (a : Int) : (a - max a 0).toNat = 0 := by
+  simp [toNat]
+  split <;> simp_all <;> omega
+
+@[simp] theorem toNat_sub_self_max (a : Int) : (a - max 0 a).toNat = 0 := by
+  simp [toNat]
+  split <;> simp_all <;> omega
+
+end Int

src/Init/Data/Int/Order.lean

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ theorem nonneg_or_nonneg_neg : ∀ (a : Int), NonNeg a ∨ NonNeg (-a)
   | (_:Nat) => .inl ⟨_⟩
   | -[_+1]  => .inr ⟨_⟩
 
-theorem le_def (a b : Int) : a ≤ b ↔ NonNeg (b - a) := .rfl
+theorem le_def {a b : Int} : a ≤ b ↔ NonNeg (b - a) := .rfl
 
-theorem lt_iff_add_one_le (a b : Int) : a < b ↔ a + 1 ≤ b := .rfl
+theorem lt_iff_add_one_le {a b : Int} : a < b ↔ a + 1 ≤ b := .rfl
 
 theorem le.intro_sub {a b : Int} (n : Nat) (h : b - a = n) : a ≤ b := by
   simp [le_def, h]; constructor
@@ -240,9 +240,24 @@ theorem le_natAbs {a : Int} : a ≤ natAbs a :=
 theorem negSucc_lt_zero (n : Nat) : -[n+1] < 0 :=
   Int.not_le.1 fun h => let ⟨_, h⟩ := eq_ofNat_of_zero_le h; nomatch h
 
+theorem negSucc_le_zero (n : Nat) : -[n+1] ≤ 0 :=
+  Int.le_of_lt (negSucc_lt_zero n)
+
 @[simp] theorem negSucc_not_nonneg (n : Nat) : 0 ≤ -[n+1] ↔ False := by
   simp only [Int.not_le, iff_false]; exact Int.negSucc_lt_zero n
 
+@[simp] theorem ofNat_max_zero (n : Nat) : (max (n : Int) 0) = n := by
+  rw [Int.max_eq_left (ofNat_zero_le n)]
+
+@[simp] theorem zero_max_ofNat (n : Nat) : (max 0 (n : Int)) = n := by
+  rw [Int.max_eq_right (ofNat_zero_le n)]
+
+@[simp] theorem negSucc_max_zero (n : Nat) : (max (Int.negSucc n) 0) = 0 := by
+  rw [Int.max_eq_right (negSucc_le_zero _)]
+
+@[simp] theorem zero_max_negSucc (n : Nat) : (max 0 (Int.negSucc n)) = 0 := by
+  rw [Int.max_eq_left (negSucc_le_zero _)]
+
 protected theorem add_le_add_left {a b : Int} (h : a ≤ b) (c : Int) : c + a ≤ c + b :=
   let ⟨n, hn⟩ := le.dest h; le.intro n <| by rw [Int.add_assoc, hn]
 
@@ -465,13 +480,21 @@ theorem toNat_eq_max : ∀ a : Int, (toNat a : Int) = max a 0
 
 @[simp] theorem toNat_one : (1 : Int).toNat = 1 := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem toNat_of_nonneg {a : Int} (h : 0 ≤ a) : (toNat a : Int) = a := by
+theorem toNat_of_nonneg {a : Int} (h : 0 ≤ a) : (toNat a : Int) = a := by
   rw [toNat_eq_max, Int.max_eq_left h]
 
 @[simp] theorem toNat_ofNat (n : Nat) : toNat ↑n = n := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem toNat_negSucc (n : Nat) : (Int.negSucc n).toNat = 0 := by
+  simp [toNat]
+
 @[simp] theorem toNat_ofNat_add_one {n : Nat} : ((n : Int) + 1).toNat = n + 1 := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem ofNat_toNat (a : Int) : (a.toNat : Int) = max a 0 := by
+  match a with
+  | Int.ofNat n => simp
+  | Int.negSucc n => simp
+
 theorem self_le_toNat (a : Int) : a ≤ toNat a := by rw [toNat_eq_max]; apply Int.le_max_left
 
 @[simp] theorem le_toNat {n : Nat} {z : Int} (h : 0 ≤ z) : n ≤ z.toNat ↔ (n : Int) ≤ z := by
@@ -489,10 +512,10 @@ theorem toNat_add_nat {a : Int} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (n : Nat) : (a + n).toNat = a.toN
 
 @[simp] theorem pred_toNat : ∀ i : Int, (i - 1).toNat = i.toNat - 1
   | 0 => rfl
-  | (n+1:Nat) => by simp [ofNat_add]
-  | -[n+1] => rfl
+  | (_+1:Nat) => by simp [ofNat_add]
+  | -[_+1] => rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem toNat_sub_toNat_neg : ∀ n : Int, ↑n.toNat - ↑(-n).toNat = n
+theorem toNat_sub_toNat_neg : ∀ n : Int, ↑n.toNat - ↑(-n).toNat = n
   | 0 => rfl
   | (_+1:Nat) => Int.sub_zero _
   | -[_+1] => Int.zero_sub _
@@ -508,7 +531,7 @@ theorem toNat_add_nat {a : Int} (ha : 0 ≤ a) (n : Nat) : (a + n).toNat = a.toN
 
 /-! ### toNat' -/
 
-theorem mem_toNat' : ∀ (a : Int) (n : Nat), toNat' a = some n ↔ a = n
+theorem mem_toNat' : ∀ {a : Int} {n : Nat}, toNat' a = some n ↔ a = n
   | (m : Nat), n => by simp [toNat', Int.ofNat_inj]
   | -[m+1], n => by constructor <;> nofun
 
@@ -806,10 +829,10 @@ protected theorem lt_add_of_neg_lt_sub_right {a b c : Int} (h : -b < a - c) : c
 protected theorem neg_lt_sub_right_of_lt_add {a b c : Int} (h : c < a + b) : -b < a - c :=
   Int.lt_sub_left_of_add_lt (Int.sub_right_lt_of_lt_add h)
 
-protected theorem add_lt_iff (a b c : Int) : a + b < c ↔ a < -b + c := by
+protected theorem add_lt_iff {a b c : Int} : a + b < c ↔ a < -b + c := by
   rw [← Int.add_lt_add_iff_left (-b), Int.add_comm (-b), Int.add_neg_cancel_right]
 
-protected theorem sub_lt_iff (a b c : Int) : a - b < c ↔ a < c + b :=
+protected theorem sub_lt_iff {a b c : Int} : a - b < c ↔ a < c + b :=
   Iff.intro Int.lt_add_of_sub_right_lt Int.sub_right_lt_of_lt_add
 
 protected theorem sub_lt_of_sub_lt {a b c : Int} (h : a - b < c) : a - c < b :=
@@ -830,12 +853,10 @@ protected theorem lt_of_sub_lt_sub_left {a b c : Int} (h : c - a < c - b) : b <
 protected theorem lt_of_sub_lt_sub_right {a b c : Int} (h : a - c < b - c) : a < b :=
   Int.lt_of_add_lt_add_right h
 
-@[simp] protected theorem sub_lt_sub_left_iff (a b c : Int) :
-    c - a < c - b ↔ b < a :=
+@[simp] protected theorem sub_lt_sub_left_iff {a b c : Int} : c - a < c - b ↔ b < a :=
   ⟨Int.lt_of_sub_lt_sub_left, (Int.sub_lt_sub_left · c)⟩
 
-@[simp] protected theorem sub_lt_sub_right_iff (a b c : Int) :
-    a - c < b - c ↔ a < b :=
+@[simp] protected theorem sub_lt_sub_right_iff {a b c : Int} : a - c < b - c ↔ a < b :=
   ⟨Int.lt_of_sub_lt_sub_right, (Int.sub_lt_sub_right · c)⟩
 
 protected theorem sub_lt_sub_of_le_of_lt {a b c d : Int}
@@ -967,13 +988,13 @@ theorem neg_of_sign_eq_neg_one : ∀ {a : Int}, sign a = -1 → a < 0
   | 0, h => nomatch h
   | -[_+1], _ => negSucc_lt_zero _
 
-theorem sign_eq_one_iff_pos (a : Int) : sign a = 1 ↔ 0 < a :=
+theorem sign_eq_one_iff_pos {a : Int} : sign a = 1 ↔ 0 < a :=
   ⟨pos_of_sign_eq_one, sign_eq_one_of_pos⟩
 
-theorem sign_eq_neg_one_iff_neg (a : Int) : sign a = -1 ↔ a < 0 :=
+theorem sign_eq_neg_one_iff_neg {a : Int} : sign a = -1 ↔ a < 0 :=
   ⟨neg_of_sign_eq_neg_one, sign_eq_neg_one_of_neg⟩
 
-@[simp] theorem sign_eq_zero_iff_zero (a : Int) : sign a = 0 ↔ a = 0 :=
+@[simp] theorem sign_eq_zero_iff_zero {a : Int} : sign a = 0 ↔ a = 0 :=
   ⟨eq_zero_of_sign_eq_zero, fun h => by rw [h, sign_zero]⟩
 
 @[simp] theorem sign_sign : sign (sign x) = sign x := by
@@ -1006,7 +1027,7 @@ theorem natAbs_mul_self : ∀ {a : Int}, ↑(natAbs a * natAbs a) = a * a
 theorem eq_nat_or_neg (a : Int) : ∃ n : Nat, a = n ∨ a = -↑n := ⟨_, natAbs_eq a⟩
 
 theorem natAbs_mul_natAbs_eq {a b : Int} {c : Nat}
-    (h : a * b = (c : Int)) : a.natAbs * b.natAbs = c := by rw [← natAbs_mul, h, natAbs]
+    (h : a * b = (c : Int)) : a.natAbs * b.natAbs = c := by rw [← natAbs_mul, h, natAbs.eq_def]
 
 @[simp] theorem natAbs_mul_self' (a : Int) : (natAbs a * natAbs a : Int) = a * a := by
   rw [← Int.ofNat_mul, natAbs_mul_self]

src/Init/Data/Int/Pow.lean

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Authors: Jeremy Avigad, Deniz Aydin, Floris van Doorn, Mario Carneiro
 -/
 prelude
 import Init.Data.Int.Lemmas
+import Init.Data.Nat.Lemmas
 
 namespace Int
 
@@ -35,10 +36,24 @@ theorem pow_le_pow_of_le_right {n : Nat} (hx : n > 0) {i : Nat} : ∀ {j}, i ≤
 theorem pos_pow_of_pos {n : Nat} (m : Nat) (h : 0 < n) : 0 < n^m :=
   pow_le_pow_of_le_right h (Nat.zero_le _)
 
+@[norm_cast]
 theorem natCast_pow (b n : Nat) : ((b^n : Nat) : Int) = (b : Int) ^ n := by
   match n with
   | 0 => rfl
   | n + 1 =>
     simp only [Nat.pow_succ, Int.pow_succ, natCast_mul, natCast_pow _ n]
 
+@[simp]
+protected theorem two_pow_pred_sub_two_pow {w : Nat} (h : 0 < w) :
+    ((2 ^ (w - 1) : Nat) - (2 ^ w : Nat) : Int) = - ((2 ^ (w - 1) : Nat) : Int) := by
+  rw [← Nat.two_pow_pred_add_two_pow_pred h]
+  omega
+
+@[simp]
+protected theorem two_pow_pred_sub_two_pow' {w : Nat} (h : 0 < w) :
+    (2 : Int) ^ (w - 1) - (2 : Int) ^ w = - (2 : Int) ^ (w - 1) := by
+  norm_cast
+  rw [← Nat.two_pow_pred_add_two_pow_pred h]
+  simp [h]
+
 end Int

src/Init/Data/List.lean

@@ -4,11 +4,24 @@ Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
 Authors: Leonardo de Moura
 -/
 prelude
+import Init.Data.List.Attach
 import Init.Data.List.Basic
 import Init.Data.List.BasicAux
 import Init.Data.List.Control
-import Init.Data.List.Lemmas
-import Init.Data.List.Attach
+import Init.Data.List.Count
+import Init.Data.List.Erase
+import Init.Data.List.Find
 import Init.Data.List.Impl
-import Init.Data.List.TakeDrop
+import Init.Data.List.Lemmas
+import Init.Data.List.MinMax
+import Init.Data.List.Monadic
+import Init.Data.List.Nat
 import Init.Data.List.Notation
+import Init.Data.List.Pairwise
+import Init.Data.List.Sublist
+import Init.Data.List.TakeDrop
+import Init.Data.List.Zip
+import Init.Data.List.Perm
+import Init.Data.List.Sort
+import Init.Data.List.ToArray
+import Init.Data.List.MapIdx

src/Init/Data/List/Attach.lean

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
 Authors: Mario Carneiro
 -/
 prelude
-import Init.Data.List.Lemmas
+import Init.Data.List.Count
+import Init.Data.Subtype
 
 namespace List
 
@@ -44,3 +45,638 @@ Unsafe implementation of `attachWith`, taking advantage of the fact that the rep
   | nil, hL' => rfl
   | cons _ L', hL' => congrArg _ <| go L' fun _ hx => hL' (.tail _ hx)
   exact go L h'
+
+@[simp] theorem attach_nil : ([] : List α).attach = [] := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem attachWith_nil : ([] : List α).attachWith P H = [] := rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem pmap_eq_map (p : α → Prop) (f : α → β) (l : List α) (H) :
+    @pmap _ _ p (fun a _ => f a) l H = map f l := by
+  induction l
+  · rfl
+  · simp only [*, pmap, map]
+
+theorem pmap_congr_left {p q : α → Prop} {f : ∀ a, p a → β} {g : ∀ a, q a → β} (l : List α) {H₁ H₂}
+    (h : ∀ a ∈ l, ∀ (h₁ h₂), f a h₁ = g a h₂) : pmap f l H₁ = pmap g l H₂ := by
+  induction l with
+  | nil => rfl
+  | cons x l ih =>
+    rw [pmap, pmap, h _ (mem_cons_self _ _), ih fun a ha => h a (mem_cons_of_mem _ ha)]
+
+@[deprecated pmap_congr_left (since := "2024-09-06")] abbrev pmap_congr := @pmap_congr_left
+
+theorem map_pmap {p : α → Prop} (g : β → γ) (f : ∀ a, p a → β) (l H) :
+    map g (pmap f l H) = pmap (fun a h => g (f a h)) l H := by
+  induction l
+  · rfl
+  · simp only [*, pmap, map]
+
+theorem pmap_map {p : β → Prop} (g : ∀ b, p b → γ) (f : α → β) (l H) :
+    pmap g (map f l) H = pmap (fun a h => g (f a) h) l fun _ h => H _ (mem_map_of_mem _ h) := by
+  induction l
+  · rfl
+  · simp only [*, pmap, map]
+
+theorem attach_congr {l₁ l₂ : List α} (h : l₁ = l₂) :
+    l₁.attach = l₂.attach.map (fun x => ⟨x.1, h ▸ x.2⟩) := by
+  subst h
+  simp
+
+theorem attachWith_congr {l₁ l₂ : List α} (w : l₁ = l₂) {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ x ∈ l₁, P x} :
+    l₁.attachWith P H = l₂.attachWith P fun _ h => H _ (w ▸ h) := by
+  subst w
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem attach_cons {x : α} {xs : List α} :
+    (x :: xs).attach =
+      ⟨x, mem_cons_self x xs⟩ :: xs.attach.map fun ⟨y, h⟩ => ⟨y, mem_cons_of_mem x h⟩ := by
+  simp only [attach, attachWith, pmap, map_pmap, cons.injEq, true_and]
+  apply pmap_congr_left
+  intros a _ m' _
+  rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem attachWith_cons {x : α} {xs : List α} {p : α → Prop} (h : ∀ a ∈ x :: xs, p a) :
+    (x :: xs).attachWith p h = ⟨x, h x (mem_cons_self x xs)⟩ ::
+      xs.attachWith p (fun a ha ↦ h a (mem_cons_of_mem x ha)) :=
+  rfl
+
+theorem pmap_eq_map_attach {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a, p a → β) (l H) :
+    pmap f l H = l.attach.map fun x => f x.1 (H _ x.2) := by
+  rw [attach, attachWith, map_pmap]; exact pmap_congr_left l fun _ _ _ _ => rfl
+
+theorem attach_map_coe (l : List α) (f : α → β) :
+    (l.attach.map fun (i : {i // i ∈ l}) => f i) = l.map f := by
+  rw [attach, attachWith, map_pmap]; exact pmap_eq_map _ _ _ _
+
+theorem attach_map_val (l : List α) (f : α → β) : (l.attach.map fun i => f i.val) = l.map f :=
+  attach_map_coe _ _
+
+@[simp]
+theorem attach_map_subtype_val (l : List α) : l.attach.map Subtype.val = l :=
+  (attach_map_coe _ _).trans (List.map_id _)
+
+theorem attachWith_map_coe {p : α → Prop} (f : α → β) (l : List α) (H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) :
+    ((l.attachWith p H).map fun (i : { i // p i}) => f i) = l.map f := by
+  rw [attachWith, map_pmap]; exact pmap_eq_map _ _ _ _
+
+theorem attachWith_map_val {p : α → Prop} (f : α → β) (l : List α) (H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) :
+    ((l.attachWith p H).map fun i => f i.val) = l.map f :=
+  attachWith_map_coe _ _ _
+
+@[simp]
+theorem attachWith_map_subtype_val {p : α → Prop} (l : List α) (H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) :
+    (l.attachWith p H).map Subtype.val = l :=
+  (attachWith_map_coe _ _ _).trans (List.map_id _)
+
+@[simp]
+theorem mem_attach (l : List α) : ∀ x, x ∈ l.attach
+  | ⟨a, h⟩ => by
+    have := mem_map.1 (by rw [attach_map_subtype_val] <;> exact h)
+    rcases this with ⟨⟨_, _⟩, m, rfl⟩
+    exact m
+
+@[simp]
+theorem mem_pmap {p : α → Prop} {f : ∀ a, p a → β} {l H b} :
+    b ∈ pmap f l H ↔ ∃ (a : _) (h : a ∈ l), f a (H a h) = b := by
+  simp only [pmap_eq_map_attach, mem_map, mem_attach, true_and, Subtype.exists, eq_comm]
+
+theorem mem_pmap_of_mem {p : α → Prop} {f : ∀ a, p a → β} {l H} {a} (h : a ∈ l) :
+    f a (H a h) ∈ pmap f l H := by
+  rw [mem_pmap]
+  exact ⟨a, h, rfl⟩
+
+@[simp]
+theorem length_pmap {p : α → Prop} {f : ∀ a, p a → β} {l H} : length (pmap f l H) = length l := by
+  induction l
+  · rfl
+  · simp only [*, pmap, length]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem length_attach {L : List α} : L.attach.length = L.length :=
+  length_pmap
+
+@[simp]
+theorem length_attachWith {p : α → Prop} {l H} : length (l.attachWith p H) = length l :=
+  length_pmap
+
+@[simp]
+theorem pmap_eq_nil_iff {p : α → Prop} {f : ∀ a, p a → β} {l H} : pmap f l H = [] ↔ l = [] := by
+  rw [← length_eq_zero, length_pmap, length_eq_zero]
+
+theorem pmap_ne_nil_iff {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) {xs : List α}
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) : xs.pmap f H ≠ [] ↔ xs ≠ [] := by
+  simp
+
+@[simp]
+theorem attach_eq_nil_iff {l : List α} : l.attach = [] ↔ l = [] :=
+  pmap_eq_nil_iff
+
+theorem attach_ne_nil_iff {l : List α} : l.attach ≠ [] ↔ l ≠ [] :=
+  pmap_ne_nil_iff _ _
+
+@[simp]
+theorem attachWith_eq_nil_iff {l : List α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ a ∈ l, P a} :
+    l.attachWith P H = [] ↔ l = [] :=
+  pmap_eq_nil_iff
+
+theorem attachWith_ne_nil_iff {l : List α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ a ∈ l, P a} :
+    l.attachWith P H ≠ [] ↔ l ≠ [] :=
+  pmap_ne_nil_iff _ _
+
+@[deprecated pmap_eq_nil_iff (since := "2024-09-06")] abbrev pmap_eq_nil := @pmap_eq_nil_iff
+@[deprecated pmap_ne_nil_iff (since := "2024-09-06")] abbrev pmap_ne_nil := @pmap_ne_nil_iff
+@[deprecated attach_eq_nil_iff (since := "2024-09-06")] abbrev attach_eq_nil := @attach_eq_nil_iff
+@[deprecated attach_ne_nil_iff (since := "2024-09-06")] abbrev attach_ne_nil := @attach_ne_nil_iff
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem?_pmap {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a, p a → β) {l : List α} (h : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) (n : Nat) :
+    (pmap f l h)[n]? = Option.pmap f l[n]? fun x H => h x (getElem?_mem H) := by
+  induction l generalizing n with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons hd tl hl =>
+    rcases n with ⟨n⟩
+    · simp only [Option.pmap]
+      split <;> simp_all
+    · simp only [hl, pmap, Option.pmap, getElem?_cons_succ]
+      split <;> rename_i h₁ _ <;> split <;> rename_i h₂ _
+      · simp_all
+      · simp at h₂
+        simp_all
+      · simp_all
+      · simp_all
+
+theorem get?_pmap {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a, p a → β) {l : List α} (h : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) (n : Nat) :
+    get? (pmap f l h) n = Option.pmap f (get? l n) fun x H => h x (get?_mem H) := by
+  simp only [get?_eq_getElem?]
+  simp [getElem?_pmap, h]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem_pmap {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a, p a → β) {l : List α} (h : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) {n : Nat}
+    (hn : n < (pmap f l h).length) :
+    (pmap f l h)[n] =
+      f (l[n]'(@length_pmap _ _ p f l h ▸ hn))
+        (h _ (getElem_mem (@length_pmap _ _ p f l h ▸ hn))) := by
+  induction l generalizing n with
+  | nil =>
+    simp only [length, pmap] at hn
+    exact absurd hn (Nat.not_lt_of_le n.zero_le)
+  | cons hd tl hl =>
+    cases n
+    · simp
+    · simp [hl]
+
+theorem get_pmap {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a, p a → β) {l : List α} (h : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) {n : Nat}
+    (hn : n < (pmap f l h).length) :
+    get (pmap f l h) ⟨n, hn⟩ =
+      f (get l ⟨n, @length_pmap _ _ p f l h ▸ hn⟩)
+        (h _ (get_mem l n (@length_pmap _ _ p f l h ▸ hn))) := by
+  simp only [get_eq_getElem]
+  simp [getElem_pmap]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem?_attachWith {xs : List α} {i : Nat} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ a ∈ xs, P a} :
+    (xs.attachWith P H)[i]? = xs[i]?.pmap Subtype.mk (fun _ a => H _ (getElem?_mem a)) :=
+  getElem?_pmap ..
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem?_attach {xs : List α} {i : Nat} :
+    xs.attach[i]? = xs[i]?.pmap Subtype.mk (fun _ a => getElem?_mem a) :=
+  getElem?_attachWith
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem_attachWith {xs : List α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ a ∈ xs, P a}
+    {i : Nat} (h : i < (xs.attachWith P H).length) :
+    (xs.attachWith P H)[i] = ⟨xs[i]'(by simpa using h), H _ (getElem_mem (by simpa using h))⟩ :=
+  getElem_pmap ..
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getElem_attach {xs : List α} {i : Nat} (h : i < xs.attach.length) :
+    xs.attach[i] = ⟨xs[i]'(by simpa using h), getElem_mem (by simpa using h)⟩ :=
+  getElem_attachWith h
+
+@[simp] theorem head?_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).head? = xs.attach.head?.map fun ⟨a, m⟩ => f a (H a m) := by
+  induction xs with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons x xs ih =>
+    simp at ih
+    simp [head?_pmap, ih]
+
+@[simp] theorem head_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) (h : xs.pmap f H ≠ []) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).head h = f (xs.head (by simpa using h)) (H _ (head_mem _)) := by
+  induction xs with
+  | nil => simp at h
+  | cons x xs ih => simp [head_pmap, ih]
+
+@[simp] theorem head?_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).head? = xs.head?.pbind (fun a h => some ⟨a, H _ (mem_of_mem_head? h)⟩) := by
+  cases xs <;> simp_all
+
+@[simp] theorem head_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a} (h : xs.attachWith P H ≠ []) :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).head h = ⟨xs.head (by simpa using h), H _ (head_mem _)⟩ := by
+  cases xs with
+  | nil => simp at h
+  | cons x xs => simp [head_attachWith, h]
+
+@[simp] theorem head?_attach (xs : List α) :
+    xs.attach.head? = xs.head?.pbind (fun a h => some ⟨a, mem_of_mem_head? h⟩) := by
+  cases xs <;> simp_all
+
+@[simp] theorem head_attach {xs : List α} (h) :
+    xs.attach.head h = ⟨xs.head (by simpa using h), head_mem (by simpa using h)⟩ := by
+  cases xs with
+  | nil => simp at h
+  | cons x xs => simp [head_attach, h]
+
+@[simp] theorem tail_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).tail = xs.tail.pmap f (fun a h => H a (mem_of_mem_tail h)) := by
+  cases xs <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem tail_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a} :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).tail = xs.tail.attachWith P (fun a h => H a (mem_of_mem_tail h)) := by
+  cases xs <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem tail_attach (xs : List α) :
+    xs.attach.tail = xs.tail.attach.map (fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, mem_of_mem_tail h⟩) := by
+  cases xs <;> simp
+
+theorem foldl_pmap (l : List α) {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β)
+  (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ l → P a) (g : γ → β → γ) (x : γ) :
+    (l.pmap f H).foldl g x = l.attach.foldl (fun acc a => g acc (f a.1 (H _ a.2))) x := by
+  rw [pmap_eq_map_attach, foldl_map]
+
+theorem foldr_pmap (l : List α) {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β)
+  (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ l → P a) (g : β → γ → γ) (x : γ) :
+    (l.pmap f H).foldr g x = l.attach.foldr (fun a acc => g (f a.1 (H _ a.2)) acc) x := by
+  rw [pmap_eq_map_attach, foldr_map]
+
+/--
+If we fold over `l.attach` with a function that ignores the membership predicate,
+we get the same results as folding over `l` directly.
+
+This is useful when we need to use `attach` to show termination.
+
+Unfortunately this can't be applied by `simp` because of the higher order unification problem,
+and even when rewriting we need to specify the function explicitly.
+-/
+theorem foldl_attach (l : List α) (f : β → α → β) (b : β) :
+    l.attach.foldl (fun acc t => f acc t.1) b = l.foldl f b := by
+  induction l generalizing b with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => rw [foldl_cons, attach_cons, foldl_cons, foldl_map, ih]
+
+/--
+If we fold over `l.attach` with a function that ignores the membership predicate,
+we get the same results as folding over `l` directly.
+
+This is useful when we need to use `attach` to show termination.
+
+Unfortunately this can't be applied by `simp` because of the higher order unification problem,
+and even when rewriting we need to specify the function explicitly.
+-/
+theorem foldr_attach (l : List α) (f : α → β → β) (b : β) :
+    l.attach.foldr (fun t acc => f t.1 acc) b = l.foldr f b := by
+  induction l generalizing b with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => rw [foldr_cons, attach_cons, foldr_cons, foldr_map, ih]
+
+theorem attach_map {l : List α} (f : α → β) :
+    (l.map f).attach = l.attach.map (fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨f x, mem_map_of_mem f h⟩) := by
+  induction l <;> simp [*]
+
+theorem attachWith_map {l : List α} (f : α → β) {P : β → Prop} {H : ∀ (b : β), b ∈ l.map f → P b} :
+    (l.map f).attachWith P H = (l.attachWith (P ∘ f) (fun _ h => H _ (mem_map_of_mem f h))).map
+      fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨f x, h⟩ := by
+  induction l <;> simp [*]
+
+theorem map_attachWith {l : List α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ l → P a}
+    (f : { x // P x } → β) :
+    (l.attachWith P H).map f =
+      l.pmap (fun a (h : a ∈ l ∧ P a) => f ⟨a, H _ h.1⟩) (fun a h => ⟨h, H a h⟩) := by
+  induction l with
+  | nil => rfl
+  | cons x xs ih =>
+    simp only [attachWith_cons, map_cons, ih, pmap, cons.injEq, true_and]
+    apply pmap_congr_left
+    simp
+
+/-- See also `pmap_eq_map_attach` for writing `pmap` in terms of `map` and `attach`. -/
+theorem map_attach {l : List α} (f : { x // x ∈ l } → β) :
+    l.attach.map f = l.pmap (fun a h => f ⟨a, h⟩) (fun _ => id) := by
+  induction l with
+  | nil => rfl
+  | cons x xs ih =>
+    simp only [attach_cons, map_cons, map_map, Function.comp_apply, pmap, cons.injEq, true_and, ih]
+    apply pmap_congr_left
+    simp
+
+theorem attach_filterMap {l : List α} {f : α → Option β} :
+    (l.filterMap f).attach = l.attach.filterMap
+      fun ⟨x, h⟩ => (f x).pbind (fun b m => some ⟨b, mem_filterMap.mpr ⟨x, h, m⟩⟩) := by
+  induction l with
+  | nil => rfl
+  | cons x xs ih =>
+    simp only [filterMap_cons, attach_cons, ih, filterMap_map]
+    split <;> rename_i h
+    · simp only [Option.pbind_eq_none_iff, reduceCtorEq, Option.mem_def, exists_false,
+        or_false] at h
+      rw [attach_congr]
+      rotate_left
+      · simp only [h]
+        rfl
+      rw [ih]
+      simp only [map_filterMap, Option.map_pbind, Option.map_some']
+      rfl
+    · simp only [Option.pbind_eq_some_iff] at h
+      obtain ⟨a, h, w⟩ := h
+      simp only [Option.some.injEq] at w
+      subst w
+      simp only [Option.mem_def] at h
+      rw [attach_congr]
+      rotate_left
+      · simp only [h]
+        rfl
+      rw [attach_cons, map_cons, map_map, ih, map_filterMap]
+      congr
+      ext
+      simp
+
+theorem attach_filter {l : List α} (p : α → Bool) :
+    (l.filter p).attach = l.attach.filterMap
+      fun x => if w : p x.1 then some ⟨x.1, mem_filter.mpr ⟨x.2, w⟩⟩ else none := by
+  rw [attach_congr (congrFun (filterMap_eq_filter _).symm _), attach_filterMap, map_filterMap]
+  simp only [Option.guard]
+  congr
+  ext1
+  split <;> simp
+
+-- We are still missing here `attachWith_filterMap` and `attachWith_filter`.
+-- Also missing are `filterMap_attach`, `filter_attach`, `filterMap_attachWith` and `filter_attachWith`.
+
+theorem pmap_pmap {p : α → Prop} {q : β → Prop} (g : ∀ a, p a → β) (f : ∀ b, q b → γ) (l H₁ H₂) :
+    pmap f (pmap g l H₁) H₂ =
+      pmap (α := { x // x ∈ l }) (fun a h => f (g a h) (H₂ (g a h) (mem_pmap_of_mem a.2))) l.attach
+        (fun a _ => H₁ a a.2) := by
+  simp [pmap_eq_map_attach, attach_map]
+
+@[simp] theorem pmap_append {p : ι → Prop} (f : ∀ a : ι, p a → α) (l₁ l₂ : List ι)
+    (h : ∀ a ∈ l₁ ++ l₂, p a) :
+    (l₁ ++ l₂).pmap f h =
+      (l₁.pmap f fun a ha => h a (mem_append_left l₂ ha)) ++
+        l₂.pmap f fun a ha => h a (mem_append_right l₁ ha) := by
+  induction l₁ with
+  | nil => rfl
+  | cons _ _ ih =>
+    dsimp only [pmap, cons_append]
+    rw [ih]
+
+theorem pmap_append' {p : α → Prop} (f : ∀ a : α, p a → β) (l₁ l₂ : List α)
+    (h₁ : ∀ a ∈ l₁, p a) (h₂ : ∀ a ∈ l₂, p a) :
+    ((l₁ ++ l₂).pmap f fun a ha => (List.mem_append.1 ha).elim (h₁ a) (h₂ a)) =
+      l₁.pmap f h₁ ++ l₂.pmap f h₂ :=
+  pmap_append f l₁ l₂ _
+
+@[simp] theorem attach_append (xs ys : List α) :
+    (xs ++ ys).attach = xs.attach.map (fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, mem_append_of_mem_left ys h⟩) ++
+      ys.attach.map fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, mem_append_of_mem_right xs h⟩ := by
+  simp only [attach, attachWith, pmap, map_pmap, pmap_append]
+  congr 1 <;>
+  exact pmap_congr_left _ fun _ _ _ _ => rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem attachWith_append {P : α → Prop} {xs ys : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs ++ ys → P a} :
+    (xs ++ ys).attachWith P H = xs.attachWith P (fun a h => H a (mem_append_of_mem_left ys h)) ++
+      ys.attachWith P (fun a h => H a (mem_append_of_mem_right xs h)) := by
+  simp only [attachWith, attach_append, map_pmap, pmap_append]
+
+@[simp] theorem pmap_reverse {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs.reverse → P a) :
+    xs.reverse.pmap f H = (xs.pmap f (fun a h => H a (by simpa using h))).reverse := by
+  induction xs <;> simp_all
+
+theorem reverse_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).reverse = xs.reverse.pmap f (fun a h => H a (by simpa using h)) := by
+  rw [pmap_reverse]
+
+@[simp] theorem attachWith_reverse {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs.reverse → P a} :
+    xs.reverse.attachWith P H =
+      (xs.attachWith P (fun a h => H a (by simpa using h))).reverse :=
+  pmap_reverse ..
+
+theorem reverse_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a} :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).reverse = (xs.reverse.attachWith P (fun a h => H a (by simpa using h))) :=
+  reverse_pmap ..
+
+@[simp] theorem attach_reverse (xs : List α) :
+    xs.reverse.attach = xs.attach.reverse.map fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, by simpa using h⟩ := by
+  simp only [attach, attachWith, reverse_pmap, map_pmap]
+  apply pmap_congr_left
+  intros
+  rfl
+
+theorem reverse_attach (xs : List α) :
+    xs.attach.reverse = xs.reverse.attach.map fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, by simpa using h⟩ := by
+  simp only [attach, attachWith, reverse_pmap, map_pmap]
+  apply pmap_congr_left
+  intros
+  rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem getLast?_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).getLast? = xs.attach.getLast?.map fun ⟨a, m⟩ => f a (H a m) := by
+  simp only [getLast?_eq_head?_reverse]
+  rw [reverse_pmap, reverse_attach, head?_map, pmap_eq_map_attach, head?_map]
+  simp only [Option.map_map]
+  congr
+
+@[simp] theorem getLast_pmap {P : α → Prop} (f : (a : α) → P a → β) (xs : List α)
+    (H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a) (h : xs.pmap f H ≠ []) :
+    (xs.pmap f H).getLast h = f (xs.getLast (by simpa using h)) (H _ (getLast_mem _)) := by
+  simp only [getLast_eq_head_reverse]
+  simp only [reverse_pmap, head_pmap, head_reverse]
+
+@[simp] theorem getLast?_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a} :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).getLast? = xs.getLast?.pbind (fun a h => some ⟨a, H _ (mem_of_getLast?_eq_some h)⟩) := by
+  rw [getLast?_eq_head?_reverse, reverse_attachWith, head?_attachWith]
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem getLast_attachWith {P : α → Prop} {xs : List α}
+    {H : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ xs → P a} (h : xs.attachWith P H ≠ []) :
+    (xs.attachWith P H).getLast h = ⟨xs.getLast (by simpa using h), H _ (getLast_mem _)⟩ := by
+  simp only [getLast_eq_head_reverse, reverse_attachWith, head_attachWith, head_map]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getLast?_attach {xs : List α} :
+    xs.attach.getLast? = xs.getLast?.pbind fun a h => some ⟨a, mem_of_getLast?_eq_some h⟩ := by
+  rw [getLast?_eq_head?_reverse, reverse_attach, head?_map, head?_attach]
+  simp
+
+@[simp]
+theorem getLast_attach {xs : List α} (h : xs.attach ≠ []) :
+    xs.attach.getLast h = ⟨xs.getLast (by simpa using h), getLast_mem (by simpa using h)⟩ := by
+  simp only [getLast_eq_head_reverse, reverse_attach, head_map, head_attach]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem countP_attach (l : List α) (p : α → Bool) :
+    l.attach.countP (fun a : {x // x ∈ l} => p a) = l.countP p := by
+  simp only [← Function.comp_apply (g := Subtype.val), ← countP_map, attach_map_subtype_val]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem countP_attachWith {p : α → Prop} (l : List α) (H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) (q : α → Bool) :
+    (l.attachWith p H).countP (fun a : {x // p x} => q a) = l.countP q := by
+  simp only [← Function.comp_apply (g := Subtype.val), ← countP_map, attachWith_map_subtype_val]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem count_attach [DecidableEq α] (l : List α) (a : {x // x ∈ l}) :
+    l.attach.count a = l.count ↑a :=
+  Eq.trans (countP_congr fun _ _ => by simp [Subtype.ext_iff]) <| countP_attach _ _
+
+@[simp]
+theorem count_attachWith [DecidableEq α] {p : α → Prop} (l : List α) (H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a) (a : {x // p x}) :
+    (l.attachWith p H).count a = l.count ↑a :=
+  Eq.trans (countP_congr fun _ _ => by simp [Subtype.ext_iff]) <| countP_attachWith _ _ _
+
+/-! ## unattach
+
+`List.unattach` is the (one-sided) inverse of `List.attach`. It is a synonym for `List.map Subtype.val`.
+
+We use it by providing a simp lemma `l.attach.unattach = l`, and simp lemmas which recognize higher order
+functions applied to `l : List { x // p x }` which only depend on the value, not the predicate, and rewrite these
+in terms of a simpler function applied to `l.unattach`.
+
+Further, we provide simp lemmas that push `unattach` inwards.
+-/
+
+/--
+A synonym for `l.map (·.val)`. Mostly this should not be needed by users.
+It is introduced as an intermediate step by lemmas such as `map_subtype`,
+and is ideally subsequently simplified away by `unattach_attach`.
+
+If not, usually the right approach is `simp [List.unattach, -List.map_subtype]` to unfold.
+-/
+def unattach {α : Type _} {p : α → Prop} (l : List { x // p x }) := l.map (·.val)
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_nil {p : α → Prop} : ([] : List { x // p x }).unattach = [] := rfl
+@[simp] theorem unattach_cons {p : α → Prop} {a : { x // p x }} {l : List { x // p x }} :
+  (a :: l).unattach = a.val :: l.unattach := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem length_unattach {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }} :
+    l.unattach.length = l.length := by
+  unfold unattach
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_attach {l : List α} : l.attach.unattach = l := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, Function.comp_def]
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_attachWith {p : α → Prop} {l : List α}
+    {H : ∀ a ∈ l, p a} :
+    (l.attachWith p H).unattach = l := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, Function.comp_def]
+
+/-! ### Recognizing higher order functions on subtypes using a function that only depends on the value. -/
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies folds over lists of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+@[simp] theorem foldl_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : β → { x // p x } → β} {g : β → α → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ b x h, f b ⟨x, h⟩ = g b x} :
+    l.foldl f x = l.unattach.foldl g x := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l generalizing x with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, hf]
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies folds over lists of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+@[simp] theorem foldr_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → β → β} {g : α → β → β} {x : β}
+    {hf : ∀ x h b, f ⟨x, h⟩ b = g x b} :
+    l.foldr f x = l.unattach.foldr g x := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l generalizing x with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, hf]
+
+/--
+This lemma identifies maps over lists of subtypes, where the function only depends on the value, not the proposition,
+and simplifies these to the function directly taking the value.
+-/
+@[simp] theorem map_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → β} {g : α → β} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    l.map f = l.unattach.map g := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, hf]
+
+@[simp] theorem filterMap_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → Option β} {g : α → Option β} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    l.filterMap f = l.unattach.filterMap g := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, hf, filterMap_cons]
+
+@[simp] theorem flatMap_subtype {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → List β} {g : α → List β} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    (l.flatMap f) = l.unattach.flatMap g := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih => simp [ih, hf]
+
+@[deprecated flatMap_subtype (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev bind_subtype := @flatMap_subtype
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_filter {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }}
+    {f : { x // p x } → Bool} {g : α → Bool} {hf : ∀ x h, f ⟨x, h⟩ = g x} :
+    (l.filter f).unattach = l.unattach.filter g := by
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih =>
+    simp only [filter_cons, hf, unattach_cons]
+    split <;> simp [ih]
+
+/-! ### Simp lemmas pushing `unattach` inwards. -/
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_reverse {p : α → Prop} {l : List { x // p x }} :
+    l.reverse.unattach = l.unattach.reverse := by
+  simp [unattach, -map_subtype]
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_append {p : α → Prop} {l₁ l₂ : List { x // p x }} :
+    (l₁ ++ l₂).unattach = l₁.unattach ++ l₂.unattach := by
+  simp [unattach, -map_subtype]
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_flatten {p : α → Prop} {l : List (List { x // p x })} :
+    l.flatten.unattach = (l.map unattach).flatten := by
+  unfold unattach
+  induction l <;> simp_all
+
+@[deprecated unattach_flatten (since := "2024-10-14")] abbrev unattach_join := @unattach_flatten
+
+@[simp] theorem unattach_replicate {p : α → Prop} {n : Nat} {x : { x // p x }} :
+    (List.replicate n x).unattach = List.replicate n x.1 := by
+  simp [unattach, -map_subtype]
+
+end List

src/Init/Data/List/Basic.lean

@@ -27,24 +27,33 @@ Recall that `length`, `get`, `set`, `foldl`, and `concat` have already been defi
 The operations are organized as follow:
 * Equality: `beq`, `isEqv`.
 * Lexicographic ordering: `lt`, `le`, and instances.
+* Head and tail operators: `head`, `head?`, `headD?`, `tail`, `tail?`, `tailD`.
 * Basic operations:
-  `map`, `filter`, `filterMap`, `foldr`, `append`, `join`, `pure`, `bind`, `replicate`, and `reverse`.
+  `map`, `filter`, `filterMap`, `foldr`, `append`, `flatten`, `pure`, `bind`, `replicate`, and
+  `reverse`.
+* Additional functions defined in terms of these: `leftpad`, `rightPad`, and `reduceOption`.
+* Operations using indexes: `mapIdx`.
 * List membership: `isEmpty`, `elem`, `contains`, `mem` (and the `∈` notation),
   and decidability for predicates quantifying over membership in a `List`.
 * Sublists: `take`, `drop`, `takeWhile`, `dropWhile`, `partition`, `dropLast`,
-  `isPrefixOf`, `isPrefixOf?`, `isSuffixOf`, `isSuffixOf?`, `Subset`, `Sublist`, `rotateLeft` and `rotateRight`.
-* Manipulating elements: `replace`, `insert`, `erase`, `eraseP`, `eraseIdx`, `find?`, `findSome?`, and `lookup`.
+  `isPrefixOf`, `isPrefixOf?`, `isSuffixOf`, `isSuffixOf?`, `Subset`, `Sublist`,
+  `rotateLeft` and `rotateRight`.
+* Manipulating elements: `replace`, `insert`, `erase`, `eraseP`, `eraseIdx`.
+* Finding elements: `find?`, `findSome?`, `findIdx`, `indexOf`, `findIdx?`, `indexOf?`,
+ `countP`, `count`, and `lookup`.
 * Logic: `any`, `all`, `or`, and `and`.
 * Zippers: `zipWith`, `zip`, `zipWithAll`, and `unzip`.
 * Ranges and enumeration: `range`, `iota`, `enumFrom`, and `enum`.
-* Minima and maxima: `minimum?` and `maximum?`.
-* Other functions: `intersperse`, `intercalate`, `eraseDups`, `eraseReps`, `span`, `groupBy`, `removeAll`
+* Minima and maxima: `min?` and `max?`.
+* Other functions: `intersperse`, `intercalate`, `eraseDups`, `eraseReps`, `span`, `groupBy`,
+  `removeAll`
   (currently these functions are mostly only used in meta code,
   and do not have API suitable for verification).
 
-Further operations are defined in `Init.Data.List.BasicAux` (because they use `Array` in their implementations), namely:
+Further operations are defined in `Init.Data.List.BasicAux`
+(because they use `Array` in their implementations), namely:
 * Variant getters: `get!`, `get?`, `getD`, `getLast`, `getLast!`, `getLast?`, and `getLastD`.
-* Head and tail: `head`, `head!`, `head?`, `headD`, `tail!`, `tail?`, and `tailD`.
+* Head and tail: `head!`, `tail!`.
 * Other operations on sublists: `partitionMap`, `rotateLeft`, and `rotateRight`.
 -/
 
@@ -88,7 +97,7 @@ namespace List
 
 /-! ### concat -/
 
-@[simp high] theorem length_concat (as : List α) (a : α) : (concat as a).length = as.length + 1 := by
+theorem length_concat (as : List α) (a : α) : (concat as a).length = as.length + 1 := by
   induction as with
   | nil => rfl
   | cons _ xs ih => simp [concat, ih]
@@ -210,8 +219,8 @@ def get? : (as : List α) → (i : Nat) → Option α
 
 theorem ext_get? : ∀ {l₁ l₂ : List α}, (∀ n, l₁.get? n = l₂.get? n) → l₁ = l₂
   | [], [], _ => rfl
-  | a :: l₁, [], h => nomatch h 0
-  | [], a' :: l₂, h => nomatch h 0
+  | _ :: _, [], h => nomatch h 0
+  | [], _ :: _, h => nomatch h 0
   | a :: l₁, a' :: l₂, h => by
     have h0 : some a = some a' := h 0
     injection h0 with aa; simp only [aa, ext_get? fun n => h (n+1)]
@@ -270,8 +279,9 @@ def getLastD : (as : List α) → (fallback : α) → α
   | [],   a₀ => a₀
   | a::as, _ => getLast (a::as) (fun h => List.noConfusion h)
 
-@[simp] theorem getLastD_nil (a) : @getLastD α [] a = a := rfl
-@[simp] theorem getLastD_cons (a b l) : @getLastD α (b::l) a = getLastD l b := by cases l <;> rfl
+-- These aren't `simp` lemmas since we always simplify `getLastD` in terms of `getLast?`.
+theorem getLastD_nil (a) : @getLastD α [] a = a := rfl
+theorem getLastD_cons (a b l) : @getLastD α (b::l) a = getLastD l b := by cases l <;> rfl
 
 /-! ## Head and tail -/
 
@@ -315,6 +325,16 @@ def headD : (as : List α) → (fallback : α) → α
 @[simp 1100] theorem headD_nil : @headD α [] d = d := rfl
 @[simp 1100] theorem headD_cons : @headD α (a::l) d = a := rfl
 
+/-! ### tail -/
+
+/-- Get the tail of a nonempty list, or return `[]` for `[]`. -/
+def tail : List α → List α
+  | []    => []
+  | _::as => as
+
+@[simp] theorem tail_nil : @tail α [] = [] := rfl
+@[simp] theorem tail_cons : @tail α (a::as) = as := rfl
+
 /-! ### tail? -/
 
 /--
@@ -349,7 +369,7 @@ def tailD (list fallback : List α) : List α :=
 /-! ## Basic `List` operations.
 
 We define the basic functional programming operations on `List`:
-`map`, `filter`, `filterMap`, `foldr`, `append`, `join`, `pure`, `bind`, `replicate`, and `reverse`.
+`map`, `filter`, `filterMap`, `foldr`, `append`, `flatten`, `pure`, `bind`, `replicate`, and `reverse`.
 -/
 
 /-! ### map -/
@@ -523,41 +543,53 @@ theorem reverseAux_eq_append (as bs : List α) : reverseAux as bs = reverseAux a
   simp [reverse, reverseAux]
   rw [← reverseAux_eq_append]
 
-/-! ### join -/
+/-! ### flatten -/
 
 /--
-`O(|join L|)`. `join L` concatenates all the lists in `L` into one list.
-* `join [[a], [], [b, c], [d, e, f]] = [a, b, c, d, e, f]`
+`O(|flatten L|)`. `join L` concatenates all the lists in `L` into one list.
+* `flatten [[a], [], [b, c], [d, e, f]] = [a, b, c, d, e, f]`
 -/
-def join : List (List α) → List α
+def flatten : List (List α) → List α
   | []      => []
-  | a :: as => a ++ join as
+  | a :: as => a ++ flatten as
 
-@[simp] theorem join_nil : List.join ([] : List (List α)) = [] := rfl
-@[simp] theorem join_cons : (l :: ls).join = l ++ ls.join := rfl
+@[simp] theorem flatten_nil : List.flatten ([] : List (List α)) = [] := rfl
+@[simp] theorem flatten_cons : (l :: ls).flatten = l ++ ls.flatten := rfl
 
-/-! ### pure -/
+@[deprecated flatten (since := "2024-10-14"), inherit_doc flatten] abbrev join := @flatten
 
-/-- `pure x = [x]` is the `pure` operation of the list monad. -/
-@[inline] protected def pure {α : Type u} (a : α) : List α := [a]
+/-! ### singleton -/
 
-/-! ### bind -/
+/-- `singleton x = [x]`. -/
+@[inline] protected def singleton {α : Type u} (a : α) : List α := [a]
+
+set_option linter.missingDocs false in
+@[deprecated singleton (since := "2024-10-16")] protected abbrev pure := @singleton
+
+/-! ### flatMap -/
 
 /--
-`bind xs f` is the bind operation of the list monad. It applies `f` to each element of `xs`
+`flatMap xs f` applies `f` to each element of `xs`
 to get a list of lists, and then concatenates them all together.
 * `[2, 3, 2].bind range = [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1]`
 -/
-@[inline] protected def bind {α : Type u} {β : Type v} (a : List α) (b : α → List β) : List β := join (map b a)
+@[inline] def flatMap {α : Type u} {β : Type v} (a : List α) (b : α → List β) : List β := flatten (map b a)
 
-@[simp] theorem bind_nil (f : α → List β) : List.bind [] f = [] := by simp [join, List.bind]
-@[simp] theorem bind_cons x xs (f : α → List β) :
-  List.bind (x :: xs) f = f x ++ List.bind xs f := by simp [join, List.bind]
+@[simp] theorem flatMap_nil (f : α → List β) : List.flatMap [] f = [] := by simp [flatten, List.flatMap]
+@[simp] theorem flatMap_cons x xs (f : α → List β) :
+  List.flatMap (x :: xs) f = f x ++ List.flatMap xs f := by simp [flatten, List.flatMap]
 
 set_option linter.missingDocs false in
-@[deprecated bind_nil (since := "2024-06-15")] abbrev nil_bind := @bind_nil
+@[deprecated flatMap (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev bind := @flatMap
 set_option linter.missingDocs false in
-@[deprecated bind_cons (since := "2024-06-15")] abbrev cons_bind := @bind_cons
+@[deprecated flatMap_nil (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev nil_flatMap := @flatMap_nil
+set_option linter.missingDocs false in
+@[deprecated flatMap_cons (since := "2024-10-16")] abbrev cons_flatMap := @flatMap_cons
+
+set_option linter.missingDocs false in
+@[deprecated flatMap_nil (since := "2024-06-15")] abbrev nil_bind := @flatMap_nil
+set_option linter.missingDocs false in
+@[deprecated flatMap_cons (since := "2024-06-15")] abbrev cons_bind := @flatMap_cons
 
 /-! ### replicate -/
 
@@ -577,6 +609,28 @@ theorem replicate_succ (a : α) (n) : replicate (n+1) a = a :: replicate n a :=
   | zero => simp
   | succ n ih => simp only [ih, replicate_succ, length_cons, Nat.succ_eq_add_one]
 
+/-! ## Additional functions -/
+
+/-! ### leftpad and rightpad -/
+
+/--
+Pads `l : List α` on the left with repeated occurrences of `a : α` until it is of length `n`.
+If `l` is initially larger than `n`, just return `l`.
+-/
+def leftpad (n : Nat) (a : α) (l : List α) : List α := replicate (n - length l) a ++ l
+
+/--
+Pads `l : List α` on the right with repeated occurrences of `a : α` until it is of length `n`.
+If `l` is initially larger than `n`, just return `l`.
+-/
+def rightpad (n : Nat) (a : α) (l : List α) : List α := l ++ replicate (n - length l) a
+
+/-! ### reduceOption -/
+
+/-- Drop `none`s from a list, and replace each remaining `some a` with `a`. -/
+@[inline] def reduceOption {α} : List (Option α) → List α :=
+  List.filterMap id
+
 /-! ## List membership
 
 * `L.contains a : Bool` determines, using a `[BEq α]` instance, whether `L` contains an element `· == a`.
@@ -648,7 +702,7 @@ inductive Mem (a : α) : List α → Prop
   | tail (b : α) {as : List α} : Mem a as → Mem a (b::as)
 
 instance : Membership α (List α) where
-  mem := Mem
+  mem l a := Mem a l
 
 theorem mem_of_elem_eq_true [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a : α} {as : List α} : elem a as = true → a ∈ as := by
   match as with
@@ -719,7 +773,7 @@ def take : Nat → List α → List α
 
 @[simp] theorem take_nil : ([] : List α).take i = [] := by cases i <;> rfl
 @[simp] theorem take_zero (l : List α) : l.take 0 = [] := rfl
-@[simp] theorem take_cons_succ : (a::as).take (i+1) = a :: as.take i := rfl
+@[simp] theorem take_succ_cons : (a::as).take (i+1) = a :: as.take i := rfl
 
 /-! ### drop -/
 
@@ -826,46 +880,6 @@ def dropLast {α} : List α → List α
     have ih := length_dropLast_cons b bs
     simp [dropLast, ih]
 
-/-! ### isPrefixOf -/
-
-/--  `isPrefixOf l₁ l₂` returns `true` Iff `l₁` is a prefix of `l₂`.
-That is, there exists a `t` such that `l₂ == l₁ ++ t`. -/
-def isPrefixOf [BEq α] : List α → List α → Bool
-  | [],    _     => true
-  | _,     []    => false
-  | a::as, b::bs => a == b && isPrefixOf as bs
-
-@[simp] theorem isPrefixOf_nil_left [BEq α] : isPrefixOf ([] : List α) l = true := by
-  simp [isPrefixOf]
-@[simp] theorem isPrefixOf_cons_nil [BEq α] : isPrefixOf (a::as) ([] : List α) = false := rfl
-theorem isPrefixOf_cons₂ [BEq α] {a : α} :
-    isPrefixOf (a::as) (b::bs) = (a == b && isPrefixOf as bs) := rfl
-
-/-! ### isPrefixOf? -/
-
-/-- `isPrefixOf? l₁ l₂` returns `some t` when `l₂ == l₁ ++ t`. -/
-def isPrefixOf? [BEq α] : List α → List α → Option (List α)
-  | [], l₂ => some l₂
-  | _, [] => none
-  | (x₁ :: l₁), (x₂ :: l₂) =>
-    if x₁ == x₂ then isPrefixOf? l₁ l₂ else none
-
-/-! ### isSuffixOf -/
-
-/--  `isSuffixOf l₁ l₂` returns `true` Iff `l₁` is a suffix of `l₂`.
-That is, there exists a `t` such that `l₂ == t ++ l₁`. -/
-def isSuffixOf [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) : Bool :=
-  isPrefixOf l₁.reverse l₂.reverse
-
-@[simp] theorem isSuffixOf_nil_left [BEq α] : isSuffixOf ([] : List α) l = true := by
-  simp [isSuffixOf]
-
-/-! ### isSuffixOf? -/
-
-/-- `isSuffixOf? l₁ l₂` returns `some t` when `l₂ == t ++ l₁`.-/
-def isSuffixOf? [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) : Option (List α) :=
-  Option.map List.reverse <| isPrefixOf? l₁.reverse l₂.reverse
-
 /-! ### Subset -/
 
 /--
@@ -900,6 +914,88 @@ def isSublist [BEq α] : List α → List α → Bool
     then tl₁.isSublist tl₂
     else l₁.isSublist tl₂
 
+/-! ### IsPrefix / isPrefixOf / isPrefixOf? -/
+
+/--
+`IsPrefix l₁ l₂`, or `l₁ <+: l₂`, means that `l₁` is a prefix of `l₂`,
+that is, `l₂` has the form `l₁ ++ t` for some `t`.
+-/
+def IsPrefix (l₁ : List α) (l₂ : List α) : Prop := Exists fun t => l₁ ++ t = l₂
+
+@[inherit_doc] infixl:50 " <+: " => IsPrefix
+
+/--  `isPrefixOf l₁ l₂` returns `true` Iff `l₁` is a prefix of `l₂`.
+That is, there exists a `t` such that `l₂ == l₁ ++ t`. -/
+def isPrefixOf [BEq α] : List α → List α → Bool
+  | [],    _     => true
+  | _,     []    => false
+  | a::as, b::bs => a == b && isPrefixOf as bs
+
+@[simp] theorem isPrefixOf_nil_left [BEq α] : isPrefixOf ([] : List α) l = true := by
+  simp [isPrefixOf]
+@[simp] theorem isPrefixOf_cons_nil [BEq α] : isPrefixOf (a::as) ([] : List α) = false := rfl
+theorem isPrefixOf_cons₂ [BEq α] {a : α} :
+    isPrefixOf (a::as) (b::bs) = (a == b && isPrefixOf as bs) := rfl
+
+/-- `isPrefixOf? l₁ l₂` returns `some t` when `l₂ == l₁ ++ t`. -/
+def isPrefixOf? [BEq α] : List α → List α → Option (List α)
+  | [], l₂ => some l₂
+  | _, [] => none
+  | (x₁ :: l₁), (x₂ :: l₂) =>
+    if x₁ == x₂ then isPrefixOf? l₁ l₂ else none
+
+/-! ### IsSuffix / isSuffixOf / isSuffixOf? -/
+
+/--  `isSuffixOf l₁ l₂` returns `true` Iff `l₁` is a suffix of `l₂`.
+That is, there exists a `t` such that `l₂ == t ++ l₁`. -/
+def isSuffixOf [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) : Bool :=
+  isPrefixOf l₁.reverse l₂.reverse
+
+@[simp] theorem isSuffixOf_nil_left [BEq α] : isSuffixOf ([] : List α) l = true := by
+  simp [isSuffixOf]
+
+/-- `isSuffixOf? l₁ l₂` returns `some t` when `l₂ == t ++ l₁`.-/
+def isSuffixOf? [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) : Option (List α) :=
+  Option.map List.reverse <| isPrefixOf? l₁.reverse l₂.reverse
+
+/--
+`IsSuffix l₁ l₂`, or `l₁ <:+ l₂`, means that `l₁` is a suffix of `l₂`,
+that is, `l₂` has the form `t ++ l₁` for some `t`.
+-/
+def IsSuffix (l₁ : List α) (l₂ : List α) : Prop := Exists fun t => t ++ l₁ = l₂
+
+@[inherit_doc] infixl:50 " <:+ " => IsSuffix
+
+/-! ### IsInfix -/
+
+/--
+`IsInfix l₁ l₂`, or `l₁ <:+: l₂`, means that `l₁` is a contiguous
+substring of `l₂`, that is, `l₂` has the form `s ++ l₁ ++ t` for some `s, t`.
+-/
+def IsInfix (l₁ : List α) (l₂ : List α) : Prop := Exists fun s => Exists fun t => s ++ l₁ ++ t = l₂
+
+@[inherit_doc] infixl:50 " <:+: " => IsInfix
+
+/-! ### splitAt -/
+
+/--
+Split a list at an index.
+```
+splitAt 2 [a, b, c] = ([a, b], [c])
+```
+-/
+def splitAt (n : Nat) (l : List α) : List α × List α := go l n [] where
+  /--
+  Auxiliary for `splitAt`:
+  `splitAt.go l xs n acc = (acc.reverse ++ take n xs, drop n xs)` if `n < xs.length`,
+  and `(l, [])` otherwise.
+  -/
+  go : List α → Nat → List α → List α × List α
+  | [], _, _ => (l, []) -- This branch ensures the pointer equality of the result with the input
+                        -- without any runtime branching cost.
+  | x :: xs, n+1, acc => go xs n (x :: acc)
+  | xs, _, acc => (acc.reverse, xs)
+
 /-! ### rotateLeft -/
 
 /--
@@ -1058,6 +1154,8 @@ def eraseIdx : List α → Nat → List α
 @[simp] theorem eraseIdx_cons_zero : (a::as).eraseIdx 0 = as := rfl
 @[simp] theorem eraseIdx_cons_succ : (a::as).eraseIdx (i+1) = a :: as.eraseIdx i := rfl
 
+/-! Finding elements -/
+
 /-! ### find? -/
 
 /--
@@ -1095,6 +1193,50 @@ theorem findSome?_cons {f : α → Option β} :
     (a::as).findSome? f = match f a with | some b => some b | none => as.findSome? f :=
   rfl
 
+/-! ### findIdx -/
+
+/-- Returns the index of the first element satisfying `p`, or the length of the list otherwise. -/
+@[inline] def findIdx (p : α → Bool) (l : List α) : Nat := go l 0 where
+  /-- Auxiliary for `findIdx`: `findIdx.go p l n = findIdx p l + n` -/
+  @[specialize] go : List α → Nat → Nat
+  | [], n => n
+  | a :: l, n => bif p a then n else go l (n + 1)
+
+@[simp] theorem findIdx_nil {α : Type _} (p : α → Bool) : [].findIdx p = 0 := rfl
+
+/-! ### indexOf -/
+
+/-- Returns the index of the first element equal to `a`, or the length of the list otherwise. -/
+def indexOf [BEq α] (a : α) : List α → Nat := findIdx (· == a)
+
+@[simp] theorem indexOf_nil [BEq α] : ([] : List α).indexOf x = 0 := rfl
+
+/-! ### findIdx? -/
+
+/-- Return the index of the first occurrence of an element satisfying `p`. -/
+def findIdx? (p : α → Bool) : List α → (start : Nat := 0) → Option Nat
+| [], _ => none
+| a :: l, i => if p a then some i else findIdx? p l (i + 1)
+
+/-! ### indexOf? -/
+
+/-- Return the index of the first occurrence of `a` in the list. -/
+@[inline] def indexOf? [BEq α] (a : α) : List α → Option Nat := findIdx? (· == a)
+
+/-! ### countP -/
+
+/-- `countP p l` is the number of elements of `l` that satisfy `p`. -/
+@[inline] def countP (p : α → Bool) (l : List α) : Nat := go l 0 where
+  /-- Auxiliary for `countP`: `countP.go p l acc = countP p l + acc`. -/
+  @[specialize] go : List α → Nat → Nat
+  | [], acc => acc
+  | x :: xs, acc => bif p x then go xs (acc + 1) else go xs acc
+
+/-! ### count -/
+
+/-- `count a l` is the number of occurrences of `a` in `l`. -/
+@[inline] def count [BEq α] (a : α) : List α → Nat := countP (· == a)
+
 /-! ### lookup -/
 
 /--
@@ -1115,6 +1257,36 @@ theorem lookup_cons [BEq α] {k : α} :
     ((k,b)::es).lookup a = match a == k with | true => some b | false => es.lookup a :=
   rfl
 
+/-! ## Permutations -/
+
+/-! ### Perm -/
+
+/--
+`Perm l₁ l₂` or `l₁ ~ l₂` asserts that `l₁` and `l₂` are permutations
+of each other. This is defined by induction using pairwise swaps.
+-/
+inductive Perm : List α → List α → Prop
+  /-- `[] ~ []` -/
+  | nil : Perm [] []
+  /-- `l₁ ~ l₂ → x::l₁ ~ x::l₂` -/
+  | cons (x : α) {l₁ l₂ : List α} : Perm l₁ l₂ → Perm (x :: l₁) (x :: l₂)
+  /-- `x::y::l ~ y::x::l` -/
+  | swap (x y : α) (l : List α) : Perm (y :: x :: l) (x :: y :: l)
+  /-- `Perm` is transitive. -/
+  | trans {l₁ l₂ l₃ : List α} : Perm l₁ l₂ → Perm l₂ l₃ → Perm l₁ l₃
+
+@[inherit_doc] scoped infixl:50 " ~ " => Perm
+
+/-! ### isPerm -/
+
+/--
+`O(|l₁| * |l₂|)`. Computes whether `l₁` is a permutation of `l₂`. See `isPerm_iff` for a
+characterization in terms of `List.Perm`.
+-/
+def isPerm [BEq α] : List α → List α → Bool
+  | [], l₂ => l₂.isEmpty
+  | a :: l₁, l₂ => l₂.contains a && l₁.isPerm (l₂.erase a)
+
 /-! ## Logical operations -/
 
 /-! ### any -/
@@ -1236,6 +1408,23 @@ def unzip : List (α × β) → List α × List β
 
 /-! ## Ranges and enumeration -/
 
+/-- Sum of a list.
+
+`List.sum [a, b, c] = a + (b + (c + 0))` -/
+def sum {α} [Add α] [Zero α] : List α → α :=
+  foldr (· + ·) 0
+
+@[simp] theorem sum_nil [Add α] [Zero α] : ([] : List α).sum = 0 := rfl
+@[simp] theorem sum_cons [Add α] [Zero α] {a : α} {l : List α} : (a::l).sum = a + l.sum := rfl
+
+/-- Sum of a list of natural numbers. -/
+-- We intend to subsequently deprecate this in favor of `List.sum`.
+protected def _root_.Nat.sum (l : List Nat) : Nat := l.foldr (·+·) 0
+
+@[simp] theorem _root_.Nat.sum_nil : Nat.sum ([] : List Nat) = 0 := rfl
+@[simp] theorem _root_.Nat.sum_cons (a : Nat) (l : List Nat) :
+    Nat.sum (a::l) = a + Nat.sum l := rfl
+
 /-! ### range -/
 
 /--
@@ -1251,6 +1440,14 @@ where
 
 @[simp] theorem range_zero : range 0 = [] := rfl
 
+/-! ### range' -/
+
+/-- `range' start len step` is the list of numbers `[start, start+step, ..., start+(len-1)*step]`.
+  It is intended mainly for proving properties of `range` and `iota`. -/
+def range' : (start len : Nat) → (step : Nat := 1) → List Nat
+  | _, 0, _ => []
+  | s, n+1, step => s :: range' (s+step) n step
+
 /-! ### iota -/
 
 /--
@@ -1289,30 +1486,34 @@ def enum : List α → List (Nat × α) := enumFrom 0
 
 /-! ## Minima and maxima -/
 
-/-! ### minimum? -/
+/-! ### min? -/
 
 /--
 Returns the smallest element of the list, if it is not empty.
-* `[].minimum? = none`
-* `[4].minimum? = some 4`
-* `[1, 4, 2, 10, 6].minimum? = some 1`
+* `[].min? = none`
+* `[4].min? = some 4`
+* `[1, 4, 2, 10, 6].min? = some 1`
 -/
-def minimum? [Min α] : List α → Option α
+def min? [Min α] : List α → Option α
   | []    => none
   | a::as => some <| as.foldl min a
 
-/-! ### maximum? -/
+@[inherit_doc min?, deprecated min? (since := "2024-09-29")] abbrev minimum? := @min?
+
+/-! ### max? -/
 
 /--
 Returns the largest element of the list, if it is not empty.
-* `[].maximum? = none`
-* `[4].maximum? = some 4`
-* `[1, 4, 2, 10, 6].maximum? = some 10`
+* `[].max? = none`
+* `[4].max? = some 4`
+* `[1, 4, 2, 10, 6].max? = some 10`
 -/
-def maximum? [Max α] : List α → Option α
+def max? [Max α] : List α → Option α
   | []    => none
   | a::as => some <| as.foldl max a
 
+@[inherit_doc max?, deprecated max? (since := "2024-09-29")] abbrev maximum? := @max?
+
 /-! ## Other list operations
 
 The functions are currently mostly used in meta code,
@@ -1348,7 +1549,7 @@ def intersperse (sep : α) : List α → List α
 * `intercalate sep [a, b, c] = a ++ sep ++ b ++ sep ++ c`
 -/
 def intercalate (sep : List α) (xs : List (List α)) : List α :=
-  join (intersperse sep xs)
+  (intersperse sep xs).flatten
 
 /-! ### eraseDups -/
 
@@ -1413,6 +1614,14 @@ such that adjacent elements are related by `R`.
   | []    => []
   | a::as => loop as a [] []
 where
+  /--
+  The arguments of `groupBy.loop l ag g gs` represent the following:
+
+  - `l : List α` are the elements which we still need to group.
+  - `ag : α` is the previous element for which a comparison was performed.
+  - `g : List α` is the group currently being assembled, in **reverse order**.
+  - `gs : List (List α)` is all of the groups that have been completed, in **reverse order**.
+  -/
   @[specialize] loop : List α → α → List α → List (List α) → List (List α)
   | a::as, ag, g, gs => match R ag a with
     | true  => loop as a (ag::g) gs
@@ -1428,4 +1637,178 @@ by filtering out all elements of `xs` which are also in `ys`.
 def removeAll [BEq α] (xs ys : List α) : List α :=
   xs.filter (fun x => !ys.elem x)
 
+/-!
+# Runtime re-implementations using `@[csimp]`
+
+More of these re-implementations are provided in `Init/Data/List/Impl.lean`.
+They can not be here, because the remaining ones required `Array` for their implementation.
+
+This leaves a dangerous situation: if you import this file, but not `Init/Data/List/Impl.lean`,
+then at runtime you will get non tail-recursive versions.
+-/
+
+/-! ### length -/
+
+theorem length_add_eq_lengthTRAux (as : List α) (n : Nat) : as.length + n = as.lengthTRAux n := by
+  induction as generalizing n with
+  | nil  => simp [length, lengthTRAux]
+  | cons a as ih =>
+    simp [length, lengthTRAux, ← ih, Nat.succ_add]
+    rfl
+
+@[csimp] theorem length_eq_lengthTR : @List.length = @List.lengthTR := by
+  apply funext; intro α; apply funext; intro as
+  simp [lengthTR, ← length_add_eq_lengthTRAux]
+
+/-! ### map -/
+
+/-- Tail-recursive version of `List.map`. -/
+@[inline] def mapTR (f : α → β) (as : List α) : List β :=
+  loop as []
+where
+  @[specialize] loop : List α → List β → List β
+  | [],    bs => bs.reverse
+  | a::as, bs => loop as (f a :: bs)
+
+theorem mapTR_loop_eq (f : α → β) (as : List α) (bs : List β) :
+    mapTR.loop f as bs = bs.reverse ++ map f as := by
+  induction as generalizing bs with
+  | nil => simp [mapTR.loop, map]
+  | cons a as ih =>
+    simp only [mapTR.loop, map]
+    rw [ih (f a :: bs), reverse_cons, append_assoc]
+    rfl
+
+@[csimp] theorem map_eq_mapTR : @map = @mapTR :=
+  funext fun α => funext fun β => funext fun f => funext fun as => by
+    simp [mapTR, mapTR_loop_eq]
+
+/-! ### filter -/
+
+/-- Tail-recursive version of `List.filter`. -/
+@[inline] def filterTR (p : α → Bool) (as : List α) : List α :=
+  loop as []
+where
+  @[specialize] loop : List α → List α → List α
+  | [],    rs => rs.reverse
+  | a::as, rs => match p a with
+     | true  => loop as (a::rs)
+     | false => loop as rs
+
+theorem filterTR_loop_eq (p : α → Bool) (as bs : List α) :
+    filterTR.loop p as bs = bs.reverse ++ filter p as := by
+  induction as generalizing bs with
+  | nil => simp [filterTR.loop, filter]
+  | cons a as ih =>
+    simp only [filterTR.loop, filter]
+    split <;> simp_all
+
+@[csimp] theorem filter_eq_filterTR : @filter = @filterTR := by
+  apply funext; intro α; apply funext; intro p; apply funext; intro as
+  simp [filterTR, filterTR_loop_eq]
+
+/-! ### replicate -/
+
+/-- Tail-recursive version of `List.replicate`. -/
+def replicateTR {α : Type u} (n : Nat) (a : α) : List α :=
+  let rec loop : Nat → List α → List α
+    | 0, as => as
+    | n+1, as => loop n (a::as)
+  loop n []
+
+theorem replicateTR_loop_replicate_eq (a : α) (m n : Nat) :
+  replicateTR.loop a n (replicate m a) = replicate (n + m) a := by
+  induction n generalizing m with simp [replicateTR.loop]
+  | succ n ih => simp [Nat.succ_add]; exact ih (m+1)
+
+theorem replicateTR_loop_eq : ∀ n, replicateTR.loop a n acc = replicate n a ++ acc
+  | 0 => rfl
+  | n+1 => by rw [← replicateTR_loop_replicate_eq _ 1 n, replicate, replicate,
+    replicateTR.loop, replicateTR_loop_eq n, replicateTR_loop_eq n, append_assoc]; rfl
+
+@[csimp] theorem replicate_eq_replicateTR : @List.replicate = @List.replicateTR := by
+  apply funext; intro α; apply funext; intro n; apply funext; intro a
+  exact (replicateTR_loop_replicate_eq _ 0 n).symm
+
+/-! ## Additional functions -/
+
+/-! ### leftpad -/
+
+/-- Optimized version of `leftpad`. -/
+@[inline] def leftpadTR (n : Nat) (a : α) (l : List α) : List α :=
+  replicateTR.loop a (n - length l) l
+
+@[csimp] theorem leftpad_eq_leftpadTR : @leftpad = @leftpadTR := by
+  repeat (apply funext; intro)
+  simp [leftpad, leftpadTR, replicateTR_loop_eq]
+
+
+/-! ## Zippers -/
+
+/-! ### unzip -/
+
+/-- Tail recursive version of `List.unzip`. -/
+def unzipTR (l : List (α × β)) : List α × List β :=
+  l.foldr (fun (a, b) (al, bl) => (a::al, b::bl)) ([], [])
+
+@[csimp] theorem unzip_eq_unzipTR : @unzip = @unzipTR := by
+  apply funext; intro α; apply funext; intro β; apply funext; intro l
+  simp [unzipTR]; induction l <;> simp [*]
+
+/-! ## Ranges and enumeration -/
+
+/-! ### range' -/
+
+/-- Optimized version of `range'`. -/
+@[inline] def range'TR (s n : Nat) (step : Nat := 1) : List Nat := go n (s + step * n) [] where
+  /-- Auxiliary for `range'TR`: `range'TR.go n e = [e-n, ..., e-1] ++ acc`. -/
+  go : Nat → Nat → List Nat → List Nat
+  | 0, _, acc => acc
+  | n+1, e, acc => go n (e-step) ((e-step) :: acc)
+
+@[csimp] theorem range'_eq_range'TR : @range' = @range'TR := by
+  apply funext; intro s; apply funext; intro n; apply funext; intro step
+  let rec go (s) : ∀ n m,
+    range'TR.go step n (s + step * n) (range' (s + step * n) m step) = range' s (n + m) step
+  | 0, m => by simp [range'TR.go]
+  | n+1, m => by
+    simp [range'TR.go]
+    rw [Nat.mul_succ, ← Nat.add_assoc, Nat.add_sub_cancel, Nat.add_right_comm n]
+    exact go s n (m + 1)
+  exact (go s n 0).symm
+
+/-! ### iota -/
+
+/-- Tail-recursive version of `List.iota`. -/
+def iotaTR (n : Nat) : List Nat :=
+  let rec go : Nat → List Nat → List Nat
+    | 0, r => r.reverse
+    | m@(n+1), r => go n (m::r)
+  go n []
+
+@[csimp]
+theorem iota_eq_iotaTR : @iota = @iotaTR :=
+  have aux (n : Nat) (r : List Nat) : iotaTR.go n r = r.reverse ++ iota n := by
+    induction n generalizing r with
+    | zero => simp [iota, iotaTR.go]
+    | succ n ih => simp [iota, iotaTR.go, ih, append_assoc]
+  funext fun n => by simp [iotaTR, aux]
+
+/-! ## Other list operations -/
+
+/-! ### intersperse -/
+
+/-- Tail recursive version of `List.intersperse`. -/
+def intersperseTR (sep : α) : List α → List α
+  | [] => []
+  | [x] => [x]
+  | x::y::xs => x :: sep :: y :: xs.foldr (fun a r => sep :: a :: r) []
+
+@[csimp] theorem intersperse_eq_intersperseTR : @intersperse = @intersperseTR := by
+  apply funext; intro α; apply funext; intro sep; apply funext; intro l
+  simp [intersperseTR]
+  match l with
+  | [] | [_] => rfl
+  | x::y::xs => simp [intersperse]; induction xs generalizing y <;> simp [*]
+
 end List

src/Init/Data/List/BasicAux.lean

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def mapMono (as : List α) (f : α → α) : List α :=
 
 /-! ## Additional lemmas required for bootstrapping `Array`. -/
 
-theorem getElem_append_left (as bs : List α) (h : i < as.length) {h'} : (as ++ bs)[i] = as[i] := by
+theorem getElem_append_left {as bs : List α} (h : i < as.length) {h'} : (as ++ bs)[i] = as[i] := by
   induction as generalizing i with
   | nil => trivial
   | cons a as ih =>
@@ -163,12 +163,14 @@ theorem getElem_append_left (as bs : List α) (h : i < as.length) {h'} : (as ++
     | zero => rfl
     | succ i => apply ih
 
-theorem getElem_append_right (as bs : List α) (h : ¬ i < as.length) {h' h''} : (as ++ bs)[i]'h' = bs[i - as.length]'h'' := by
+theorem getElem_append_right {as bs : List α} {i : Nat} (h₁ : as.length ≤ i) {h₂} :
+    (as ++ bs)[i]'h₂ =
+      bs[i - as.length]'(by rw [length_append] at h₂; exact Nat.sub_lt_left_of_lt_add h₁ h₂) := by
   induction as generalizing i with
   | nil => trivial
   | cons a as ih =>
-    cases i with simp [get, Nat.succ_sub_succ] <;> simp_arith [Nat.succ_sub_succ] at h
-    | succ i => apply ih; simp_arith [h]
+    cases i with simp [get, Nat.succ_sub_succ] <;> simp [Nat.succ_sub_succ] at h₁
+    | succ i => apply ih; simp [h₁]
 
 theorem get_last {as : List α} {i : Fin (length (as ++ [a]))} (h : ¬ i.1 < as.length) : (as ++ [a] : List _).get i = a := by
   cases i; rename_i i h'
@@ -177,8 +179,8 @@ theorem get_last {as : List α} {i : Fin (length (as ++ [a]))} (h : ¬ i.1 < as.
     | zero => simp [List.get]
     | succ => simp_arith at h'
   | cons a as ih =>
-    cases i with simp_arith at h
-    | succ i => apply ih; simp_arith [h]
+    cases i with simp at h
+    | succ i => apply ih; simp [h]
 
 theorem sizeOf_lt_of_mem [SizeOf α] {as : List α} (h : a ∈ as) : sizeOf a < sizeOf as := by
   induction h with
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ macro "sizeOf_list_dec" : tactic =>
   `(tactic| first
     | with_reducible apply sizeOf_lt_of_mem; assumption; done
     | with_reducible
-        apply Nat.lt_trans (sizeOf_lt_of_mem ?h)
+        apply Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le (sizeOf_lt_of_mem ?h)
         case' h => assumption
       simp_arith)
 
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@ theorem append_cancel_right {as bs cs : List α} (h : as ++ bs = cs ++ bs) : as
   next => apply append_cancel_right
   next => intro h; simp [h]
 
-@[simp] theorem sizeOf_get [SizeOf α] (as : List α) (i : Fin as.length) : sizeOf (as.get i) < sizeOf as := by
+theorem sizeOf_get [SizeOf α] (as : List α) (i : Fin as.length) : sizeOf (as.get i) < sizeOf as := by
   match as, i with
   | a::as, ⟨0, _⟩  => simp_arith [get]
   | a::as, ⟨i+1, h⟩ =>
@@ -233,8 +235,8 @@ theorem append_cancel_right {as bs cs : List α} (h : as ++ bs = cs ++ bs) : as
 theorem le_antisymm [LT α] [s : Antisymm (¬ · < · : α → α → Prop)] {as bs : List α} (h₁ : as ≤ bs) (h₂ : bs ≤ as) : as = bs :=
   match as, bs with
   | [],    []    => rfl
-  | [],    b::bs => False.elim <| h₂ (List.lt.nil ..)
-  | a::as, []    => False.elim <| h₁ (List.lt.nil ..)
+  | [],    _::_ => False.elim <| h₂ (List.lt.nil ..)
+  | _::_, []    => False.elim <| h₁ (List.lt.nil ..)
   | a::as, b::bs => by
     by_cases hab : a < b
     · exact False.elim <| h₂ (List.lt.head _ _ hab)

src/Init/Data/List/Control.lean

@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ results `y` for which `f x` returns `some y`.
 @[inline]
 def filterMapM {m : Type u → Type v} [Monad m] {α β : Type u} (f : α → m (Option β)) (as : List α) : m (List β) :=
   let rec @[specialize] loop
-    | [],     bs => pure bs
+    | [],     bs => pure bs.reverse
     | a :: as, bs => do
       match (← f a) with
       | none   => loop as bs
       | some b => loop as (b::bs)
-  loop as.reverse []
+  loop as []
 
 /--
 Folds a monadic function over a list from left to right:
@@ -227,6 +227,8 @@ def findSomeM? {m : Type u → Type v} [Monad m] {α : Type w} {β : Type u} (f
 instance : ForIn m (List α) α where
   forIn := List.forIn
 
+@[simp] theorem forIn_eq_forIn [Monad m] : @List.forIn α β m _ = forIn := rfl
+
 @[simp] theorem forIn_nil [Monad m] (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) (b : β) : forIn [] b f = pure b :=
   rfl