.

This PR adjusts the way the pretty printer unresolves names. It used to
make use of all `export`s when pretty printing, but now it only uses
`export`s that put names into parent namespaces (heuristic: these are
"API exports" that are intended by the library author), rather than
"horizontal exports" that put the names into an unrelated namespace,
which the dot notation feature in #6189 now incentivizes.

Closes the already closed #2524

.github/workflows/check-prelude.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ jobs:
           sparse-checkout: |
             src/Lean
             src/Std
+            src/lake/Lake
       - name: Check Prelude
         run: |
           failed_files=""
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
             if ! grep -q "^prelude$" "$file"; then
               failed_files="$failed_files$file\n"
             fi
-          done < <(find src/Lean src/Std -name '*.lean' -print0)
+          done < <(find src/Lean src/Std src/lake/Lake -name '*.lean' -print0)
           if [ -n "$failed_files" ]; then
             echo -e "The following files should use 'prelude':\n$failed_files"
             exit 1

.github/workflows/pr-release.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact from the previous workflow.
         if: ${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber != '' }}
         id: download-artifact
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6 # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/download-workflow-artifact
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v7 # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/download-workflow-artifact
         with:
           run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
           path: artifacts
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Setup jq'
         if: ${{ steps.workflow-info.outputs.pullRequestNumber != '' }}
-        uses: dcarbone/install-jq-action@v2.1.0
+        uses: dcarbone/install-jq-action@v3.0.1
 
       # Check that the most recently nightly coincides with 'git merge-base HEAD master'
       - name: Check merge-base and nightly-testing-YYYY-MM-DD

CODEOWNERS

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Listed persons will automatically be asked by GitHub to review a PR touching these paths.
 # If multiple names are listed, a review by any of them is considered sufficient by default.
 
-/.github/ @Kha @kim-em
+/.github/ @kim-em
 /RELEASES.md @kim-em
 /src/kernel/ @leodemoura
 /src/lake/ @tydeu
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 /src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/ @kim-em
 /src/Lean/Language/ @Kha
 /src/Lean/Meta/Tactic/ @leodemoura
-/src/Lean/Parser/ @Kha
-/src/Lean/PrettyPrinter/ @Kha
-/src/Lean/PrettyPrinter/Delaborator/ @kmill
+/src/Lean/PrettyPrinter/ @kmill
 /src/Lean/Server/ @mhuisi
 /src/Lean/Widget/ @Vtec234
 /src/Init/Data/ @kim-em

RELEASES.md

@@ -8,15 +8,299 @@ This file contains work-in-progress notes for the upcoming release, as well as p
 Please check the [releases](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/releases) page for the current status
 of each version.
 
-v4.15.0
+v4.16.0
 ----------
 
 Development in progress.
 
+v4.15.0
+----------
+
+Release candidate, release notes will be copied from the branch `releases/v4.15.0` once completed.
+
 v4.14.0
 ----------
 
-Release candidate, release notes will be copied from the branch `releases/v4.14.0` once completed.
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/compare/v4.13.0...v4.14.0
+
+### Language features, tactics, and metaprograms
+
+* `structure` and `inductive` commands
+  * [#5517](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5517) improves universe level inference for the resulting type of an `inductive` or `structure.` Recall that a `Prop`-valued inductive type is a syntactic subsingleton if it has at most one constructor and all the arguments to the constructor are in `Prop`. Such types have large elimination, so they could be defined in `Type` or `Prop` without any trouble. The way inference has changed is that if a type is a syntactic subsingleton with exactly one constructor, and the constructor has at least one parameter/field, then the `inductive`/`structure` command will prefer creating a `Prop` instead of a `Type`. The upshot is that the `: Prop` in `structure S : Prop` is often no longer needed. (With @arthur-adjedj).
+  * [#5842](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5842) and [#5783](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5783) implement a feature where the `structure` command can now define recursive inductive types:
+    ```lean
+    structure Tree where
+      n : Nat
+      children : Fin n → Tree
+
+    def Tree.size : Tree → Nat
+      | {n, children} => Id.run do
+        let mut s := 0
+        for h : i in [0 : n] do
+          s := s + (children ⟨i, h.2⟩).size
+        pure s
+    ```
+  * [#5814](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5814) fixes a bug where Mathlib's `Type*` elaborator could lead to incorrect universe parameters with the `inductive` command.
+  * [#3152](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/3152) and [#5844](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5844) fix bugs in default value processing for structure instance notation (with @arthur-adjedj).
+  * [#5399](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5399) promotes instance synthesis order calculation failure from a soft error to a hard error.
+  * [#5542](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5542) deprecates `:=` variants of `inductive` and `structure` (see breaking changes).
+
+* **Application elaboration improvements**
+  * [#5671](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5671) makes `@[elab_as_elim]` require at least one discriminant, since otherwise there is no advantage to this alternative elaborator.
+  * [#5528](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5528) enables field notation in explicit mode. The syntax `@x.f` elaborates as `@S.f` with `x` supplied to the appropriate parameter.
+  * [#5692](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5692) modifies the dot notation resolution algorithm so that it can apply `CoeFun` instances. For example, Mathlib has `Multiset.card : Multiset α →+ Nat`, and now with `m : Multiset α`, the notation `m.card` resolves to `⇑Multiset.card m`.
+  * [#5658](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5658) fixes a bug where 'don't know how to synthesize implicit argument' errors might have the incorrect local context when the eta arguments feature is activated.
+  * [#5933](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5933) fixes a bug where `..` ellipses in patterns made use of optparams and autoparams.
+  * [#5770](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5770) makes dot notation for structures resolve using *all* ancestors. Adds a *resolution order* for generalized field notation. This is the order of namespaces visited during resolution when trying to resolve names. The algorithm to compute a resolution order is the commonly used C3 linearization (used for example by Python), which when successful ensures that immediate parents' namespaces are considered before more distant ancestors' namespaces. By default we use a relaxed version of the algorithm that tolerates inconsistencies, but using `set_option structure.strictResolutionOrder true` makes inconsistent parent orderings into warnings.
+
+* **Recursion and induction principles**
+  * [#5619](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5619) fixes functional induction principle generation to avoid over-eta-expanding in the preprocessing step.
+  * [#5766](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5766) fixes structural nested recursion so that it is not confused when a nested type appears first.
+  * [#5803](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5803) fixes a bug in functional induction principle generation when there are `let` bindings.
+  * [#5904](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5904) improves functional induction principle generation to unfold aux definitions more carefully.
+  * [#5850](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5850) refactors code for `Predefinition.Structural`.
+
+* **Error messages**
+  * [#5276](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5276) fixes a bug in "type mismatch" errors that would structurally assign metavariables during the algorithm to expose differences.
+  * [#5919](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5919) makes "type mismatch" errors add type ascriptions to expose differences for numeric literals.
+  * [#5922](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5922) makes "type mismatch" errors expose differences in the bodies of functions and pi types.
+  * [#5888](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5888) improves the error message for invalid induction alternative names in `match` expressions (@josojo).
+  * [#5719](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5719) improves `calc` error messages.
+
+* [#5627](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5627) and [#5663](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5663) improve the **`#eval` command** and introduce some new features.
+  * Now results can be pretty printed if there is a `ToExpr` instance, which means **hoverable output**. If `ToExpr` fails, it then tries looking for a `Repr` or `ToString` instance like before. Setting `set_option eval.pp false` disables making use of `ToExpr` instances.
+  * There is now **auto-derivation** of `Repr` instances, enabled with the `pp.derive.repr` option (default to **true**). For example:
+    ```lean
+    inductive Baz
+    | a | b
+
+    #eval Baz.a
+    -- Baz.a
+    ```
+    It simply does `deriving instance Repr for Baz` when there's no way to represent `Baz`.
+  * The option `eval.type` controls whether or not to include the type in the output. For now the default is false.
+  * Now expressions such as `#eval do return 2`, where monad is unknown, work. It tries unifying the monad with `CommandElabM`, `TermElabM`, or `IO`.
+  * The classes `Lean.Eval` and `Lean.MetaEval` have been removed. These each used to be responsible for adapting monads and printing results. Now the `MonadEval` class is responsible for adapting monads for evaluation (it is similar to `MonadLift`, but instances are allowed to use default data when initializing state), and representing results is handled through a separate process.
+  * Error messages about failed instance synthesis are now more precise. Once it detects that a `MonadEval` class applies, then the error message will be specific about missing `ToExpr`/`Repr`/`ToString` instances.
+  * Fixes bugs where evaluating `MetaM` and `CoreM` wouldn't collect log messages.
+  * Fixes a bug where `let rec` could not be used in `#eval`.
+
+* `partial` definitions
+  * [#5780](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5780) improves the error message when `partial` fails to prove a type is inhabited. Add delta deriving.
+  * [#5821](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5821) gives `partial` inhabitation the ability to create local `Inhabited` instances from parameters.
+
+* **New tactic configuration syntax.** The configuration syntax for all core tactics has been given an upgrade. Rather than `simp (config := { contextual := true, maxSteps := 22})`, one can now write `simp +contextual (maxSteps := 22)`. Tactic authors can migrate by switching from `(config)?` to `optConfig` in tactic syntaxes and potentially deleting `mkOptionalNode` in elaborators. [#5883](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5883), [#5898](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5898),  [#5928](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5928), and [#5932](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5932). (Tactic authors, see breaking changes.)
+
+* `simp` tactic
+  * [#5632](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5632) fixes the simpproc for `Fin` literals to reduce more consistently.
+  * [#5648](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5648) fixes a bug in `simpa ... using t` where metavariables in `t` were not properly accounted for, and also improves the type mismatch error.
+  * [#5838](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5838) fixes the docstring of `simp!` to actually talk about `simp!`.
+  * [#5870](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5870) adds support for `attribute [simp ←]` (note the reverse direction). This adds the reverse of a theorem as a global simp theorem.
+
+* `decide` tactic
+  * [#5665](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5665) adds `decide!` tactic for using kernel reduction (warning: this is renamed to `decide +kernel` in a future release).
+
+* `bv_decide` tactic
+  * [#5714](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5714) adds inequality regression tests (@alexkeizer).
+  * [#5608](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5608) adds `bv_toNat` tag for `toNat_ofInt` (@bollu).
+  * [#5618](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5618) adds support for `at` in `ac_nf` and uses it in `bv_normalize` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5628](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5628) adds udiv support.
+  * [#5635](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5635) adds auxiliary bitblasters for negation and subtraction.
+  * [#5637](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5637) adds more `getLsbD` bitblaster theory.
+  * [#5652](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5652) adds umod support.
+  * [#5653](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5653) adds performance benchmark for modulo.
+  * [#5655](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5655) reduces error on `bv_check` to warning.
+  * [#5670](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5670) adds `~~~(-x)` support.
+  * [#5673](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5673) disables `ac_nf` by default.
+  * [#5675](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5675) fixes context tracking in `bv_decide` counter example.
+  * [#5676](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5676) adds an error when the LRAT proof is invalid.
+  * [#5781](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5781) introduces uninterpreted symbols everywhere.
+  * [#5823](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5823) adds `BitVec.sdiv` support.
+  * [#5852](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5852) adds `BitVec.ofBool` support.
+  * [#5855](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5855) adds `if` support.
+  * [#5869](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5869) adds support for all the SMTLIB BitVec divison/remainder operations.
+  * [#5886](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5886) adds embedded constraint substitution.
+  * [#5918](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5918) fixes loose mvars bug in `bv_normalize`.
+  * Documentation:
+    * [#5636](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5636) adds remarks about multiplication.
+
+* `conv` mode
+  * [#5861](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5861) improves the `congr` conv tactic to handle "over-applied" functions.
+  * [#5894](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5894) improves the `arg` conv tactic so that it can access more arguments and so that it can handle "over-applied" functions (it generates a specialized congruence lemma for the specific argument in question). Makes `arg 1` and `arg 2` apply to pi types in more situations. Adds negative indexing, for example `arg -2` is equivalent to the `lhs` tactic. Makes the `enter [...]` tactic show intermediate states like `rw`.
+
+* **Other tactics**
+  * [#4846](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/4846) fixes a bug where `generalize ... at *` would apply to implementation details (@ymherklotz).
+  * [#5730](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5730) upstreams the `classical` tactic combinator.
+  * [#5815](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5815) improves the error message when trying to unfold a local hypothesis that is not a local definition.
+  * [#5862](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5862) and [#5863](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5863) change how `apply` and `simp` elaborate, making them not disable error recovery. This improves hovers and completions when the term has elaboration errors.
+
+* `deriving` clauses
+  * [#5899](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5899) adds declaration ranges for delta-derived instances.
+  * [#5265](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5265) removes unused syntax in `deriving` clauses for providing arguments to deriving handlers (see breaking changes).
+
+* [#5065](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5065) upstreams and updates `#where`, a command that reports the current scope information.
+
+* **Linters**
+  * [#5338](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5338) makes the unused variables linter ignore variables defined in tactics by default now, avoiding performance bottlenecks.
+  * [#5644](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5644) ensures that linters in general do not run on `#guard_msgs` itself.
+
+* **Metaprogramming interface**
+  * [#5720](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5720) adds `pushGoal`/`pushGoals` and `popGoal` for manipulating the goal state. These are an alternative to `replaceMainGoal` and `getMainGoal`, and with them you don't need to worry about making sure nothing clears assigned metavariables from the goal list between assigning the main goal and using `replaceMainGoal`. Modifies `closeMainGoalUsing`, which is like a `TacticM` version of `liftMetaTactic`. Now the callback is run in a context where the main goal is removed from the goal list, and the callback is free to modify the goal list. Furthermore, the `checkUnassigned` argument has been replaced with `checkNewUnassigned`, which checks whether the value assigned to the goal has any *new* metavariables, relative to the start of execution of the callback. Modifies `withCollectingNewGoalsFrom` to take the `parentTag` argument explicitly rather than indirectly via `getMainTag`. Modifies `elabTermWithHoles` to optionally take `parentTag?`.
+  * [#5563](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5563) fixes `getFunInfo` and `inferType` to use `withAtLeastTransparency` rather than `withTransparency`.
+  * [#5679](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5679) fixes `RecursorVal.getInduct` to return the name of major argument’s type. This makes "structure eta" work for nested inductives.
+  * [#5681](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5681) removes unused `mkRecursorInfoForKernelRec`.
+  * [#5686](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5686) makes discrimination trees index the domains of foralls, for better performance of the simplify and type class search.
+  * [#5760](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5760) adds `Lean.Expr.name?` recognizer for `Name` expressions.
+  * [#5800](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5800) modifies `liftCommandElabM` to preserve more state, fixing an issue where using it would drop messages.
+  * [#5857](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5857) makes it possible to use dot notation in `m!` strings, for example `m!"{.ofConstName n}"`.
+  * [#5841](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5841) and [#5853](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5853) record the complete list of `structure` parents in the `StructureInfo` environment extension.
+
+* **Other fixes or improvements**
+  * [#5566](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5566) fixes a bug introduced in [#4781](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/4781) where heartbeat exceptions were no longer being handled properly. Now such exceptions are tagged with `runtime.maxHeartbeats` (@eric-wieser).
+  * [#5708](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5708) modifies the proof objects produced by the proof-by-reflection tactics `ac_nf0` and `simp_arith` so that the kernel is less prone to reducing expensive atoms.
+  * [#5768](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5768) adds a `#version` command that prints Lean's version information.
+  * [#5822](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5822) fixes elaborator algorithms to match kernel algorithms for primitive projections (`Expr.proj`).
+  * [#5811](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5811) improves the docstring for the `rwa` tactic.
+
+
+### Language server, widgets, and IDE extensions
+
+* [#5224](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5224) fixes `WorkspaceClientCapabilities` to make `applyEdit` optional, in accordance with the LSP specification (@pzread).
+* [#5340](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5340) fixes a server deadlock when shutting down the language server and a desync between client and language server after a file worker crash.
+* [#5560](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5560) makes `initialize` and `builtin_initialize` participate in the call hierarchy and other requests.
+* [#5650](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5650) makes references in attributes participate in the call hierarchy and other requests.
+* [#5666](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5666) add auto-completion in tactic blocks without having to type the first character of the tactic, and adds tactic completion docs to tactic auto-completion items.
+* [#5677](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5677) fixes several cases where goal states were not displayed in certain text cursor positions.
+* [#5707](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5707) indicates deprecations in auto-completion items.
+* [#5736](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5736), [#5752](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5752), [#5763](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5763), [#5802](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5802), and [#5805](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5805) fix various performance issues in the language server.
+* [#5801](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5801) distinguishes theorem auto-completions from non-theorem auto-completions.
+
+### Pretty printing
+
+* [#5640](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5640) fixes a bug where goal states in messages might print newlines as spaces.
+* [#5643](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5643) adds option `pp.mvars.delayed` (default false), which when false causes delayed assignment metavariables to pretty print with what they are assigned to. Now `fun x : Nat => ?a` pretty prints as `fun x : Nat => ?a` rather than `fun x ↦ ?m.7 x`.
+* [#5711](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5711) adds options `pp.mvars.anonymous` and `pp.mvars.levels`, which when false respectively cause expression metavariables and level metavariables to pretty print as `?_`.
+* [#5710](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5710) adjusts the `⋯` elaboration warning to mention `pp.maxSteps`.
+
+* [#5759](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5759) fixes the app unexpander for `sorryAx`.
+* [#5827](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5827) improves accuracy of binder names in the signature pretty printer (like in output of `#check`). Also fixes the issue where consecutive hygienic names pretty print without a space separating them, so we now have `(x✝ y✝ : Nat)` rather than `(x✝y✝ : Nat)`.
+* [#5830](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5830) makes sure all the core delaborators respond to `pp.explicit` when appropriate.
+* [#5639](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5639) makes sure name literals use escaping when pretty printing.
+* [#5854](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5854) adds delaborators for `<|>`, `<*>`, `>>`, `<*`, and `*>`.
+
+### Library
+
+* `Array`
+  * [#5687](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5687) deprecates `Array.data`.
+  * [#5705](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5705) uses a better default value for `Array.swapAt!`.
+  * [#5748](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5748) moves `Array.mapIdx` lemmas to a new file.
+  * [#5749](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5749) simplifies signature of `Array.mapIdx`.
+  * [#5758](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5758) upstreams `Array.reduceOption`.
+  * [#5786](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5786) adds simp lemmas for `Array.isEqv` and `BEq`.
+  * [#5796](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5796) renames `Array.shrink` to `Array.take`, and relates it to `List.take`.
+  * [#5798](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5798) upstreams `List.modify`, adds lemmas, relates to `Array.modify`.
+  * [#5799](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5799) relates `Array.forIn` and `List.forIn`.
+  * [#5833](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5833) adds `Array.forIn'`, and relates to `List`.
+  * [#5848](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5848) fixes deprecations in `Init.Data.Array.Basic` to not recommend the deprecated constant.
+  * [#5895](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5895) adds `LawfulBEq (Array α) ↔ LawfulBEq α`.
+  * [#5896](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5896) moves `@[simp]` from `back_eq_back?` to `back_push`.
+  * [#5897](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5897) renames `Array.back` to `back!`.
+
+* `List`
+  * [#5605](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5605) removes `List.redLength`.
+  * [#5696](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5696) upstreams `List.mapIdx` and adds lemmas.
+  * [#5697](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5697) upstreams `List.foldxM_map`.
+  * [#5701](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5701) renames `List.join` to `List.flatten`.
+  * [#5703](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5703) upstreams `List.sum`.
+  * [#5706](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5706) marks `prefix_append_right_inj` as a simp lemma.
+  * [#5716](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5716) fixes `List.drop_drop` addition order.
+  * [#5731](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5731) renames `List.bind` and `Array.concatMap` to `flatMap`.
+  * [#5732](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5732) renames `List.pure` to `List.singleton`.
+  * [#5742](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5742) upstreams `ne_of_mem_of_not_mem`.
+  * [#5743](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5743) upstreams `ne_of_apply_ne`.
+  * [#5816](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5816) adds more `List.modify` lemmas.
+  * [#5879](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5879) renames `List.groupBy` to `splitBy`.
+  * [#5913](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5913) relates `for` loops over `List` with `foldlM`.
+
+* `Nat`
+  * [#5694](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5694) removes `instBEqNat`, which is redundant with `instBEqOfDecidableEq` but not defeq.
+  * [#5746](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5746) deprecates `Nat.sum`.
+  * [#5785](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5785) adds `Nat.forall_lt_succ` and variants.
+
+* Fixed width integers
+  * [#5323](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5323) redefine unsigned fixed width integers in terms of `BitVec`.
+  * [#5735](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5735) adds `UIntX.[val_ofNat, toBitVec_ofNat]`.
+  * [#5790](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5790) defines `Int8`.
+  * [#5901](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5901) removes native code for `UInt8.modn`.
+
+* `BitVec`
+  * [#5604](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5604) completes `BitVec.[getMsbD|getLsbD|msb]` for shifts (@luisacicolini).
+  * [#5609](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5609) adds lemmas for division when denominator is zero (@bollu).
+  * [#5620](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5620) documents Bitblasting (@bollu)
+  * [#5623](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5623) moves `BitVec.udiv/umod/sdiv/smod` after `add/sub/mul/lt` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5645](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5645) defines `udiv` normal form to be `/`, resp. `umod` and `%` (@bollu).
+  * [#5646](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5646) adds lemmas about arithmetic inequalities (@bollu).
+  * [#5680](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5680) expands relationship with `toFin` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5691](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5691) adds `BitVec.(getMSbD, msb)_(add, sub)` and `BitVec.getLsbD_sub` (@luisacicolini).
+  * [#5712](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5712) adds `BitVec.[udiv|umod]_[zero|one|self]` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5718](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5718) adds `BitVec.sdiv_[zero|one|self]` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5721](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5721) adds `BitVec.(msb, getMsbD, getLsbD)_(neg, abs)` (@luisacicolini).
+  * [#5772](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5772) adds `BitVec.toInt_sub`, simplifies `BitVec.toInt_neg` (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5778](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5778) prove that `intMin` the smallest signed bitvector (@alexkeizer).
+  * [#5851](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5851) adds `(msb, getMsbD)_twoPow` (@luisacicolini).
+  * [#5858](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5858) adds `BitVec.[zero_ushiftRight|zero_sshiftRight|zero_mul]` and cleans up BVDecide (@tobiasgrosser).
+  * [#5865](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5865) adds `BitVec.(msb, getMsbD)_concat` (@luisacicolini).
+  * [#5881](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5881) adds `Hashable (BitVec n)`
+
+* `String`/`Char`
+  * [#5728](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5728) upstreams `String.dropPrefix?`.
+  * [#5745](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5745) changes `String.dropPrefix?` signature.
+  * [#5747](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5747) adds `Hashable Char` instance
+
+* `HashMap`
+  * [#5880](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5880) adds interim implementation of `HashMap.modify`/`alter`
+
+* **Other**
+  * [#5704](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5704) removes `@[simp]` from `Option.isSome_eq_isSome`.
+  * [#5739](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5739) upstreams material on `Prod`.
+  * [#5740](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5740) moves `Antisymm` to `Std.Antisymm`.
+  * [#5741](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5741) upstreams basic material on `Sum`.
+  * [#5756](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5756) adds `Nat.log2_two_pow` (@spinylobster).
+  * [#5892](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5892) removes duplicated `ForIn` instances.
+  * [#5900](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5900) removes `@[simp]` from `Sum.forall` and `Sum.exists`.
+  * [#5812](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5812) removes redundant `Decidable` assumptions (@FR-vdash-bot).
+
+### Compiler, runtime, and FFI
+
+* [#5685](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5685) fixes help message flags, removes the `-f` flag and adds the `-g` flag (@James-Oswald).
+* [#5930](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5930) adds `--short-version` (`-V`) option to display short version (@juhp).
+* [#5144](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5144) switches all 64-bit platforms over to consistently using GMP for bignum arithmetic.
+* [#5753](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5753) raises the minimum supported Windows version to Windows 10 1903 (released May 2019).
+
+### Lake
+
+* [#5715](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5715) changes `lake new math` to use `autoImplicit false` (@eric-wieser).
+* [#5688](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5688) makes `Lake` not create core aliases in the `Lake` namespace.
+* [#5924](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5924) adds a `text` option for `buildFile*` utilities.
+* [#5789](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5789) makes `lake init` not `git init` when inside git work tree (@haoxins).
+* [#5684](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5684) has Lake update a package's `lean-toolchain` file on `lake update` if it finds the package's direct dependencies use a newer compatible toolchain. To skip this step, use the `--keep-toolchain` CLI option. (See breaking changes.)
+* [#6218](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/6218) makes Lake no longer automatically fetch GitHub cloud releases if the package build directory is already present (mirroring the behavior of the Reservoir cache). This prevents the cache from clobbering existing prebuilt artifacts. Users can still manually fetch the cache and clobber the build directory by running `lake build <pkg>:release`.
+* [#6231](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/6231) improves the errors Lake produces when it fails to fetch a dependency from Reservoir. If the package is not indexed, it will produce a suggestion about how to require it from GitHub.
+
+### Documentation
+
+* [#5617](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5617) fixes MSYS2 build instructions.
+* [#5725](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5725) points out that `OfScientific` is called with raw literals (@eric-wieser).
+* [#5794](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5794) adds a stub for application ellipsis notation (@eric-wieser).
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+* The syntax for providing arguments to deriving handlers has been removed, which was not used by any major Lean projects in the ecosystem. As a result, the  `applyDerivingHandlers` now takes one fewer argument, `registerDerivingHandlerWithArgs` is now simply `registerDerivingHandler`, `DerivingHandler` no longer includes the unused parameter, and `DerivingHandlerNoArgs` has been deprecated. To migrate code, delete the unused `none` argument and use `registerDerivingHandler` and `DerivingHandler`. ([#5265](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5265))
+* The minimum supported Windows version has been raised to Windows 10 1903, released May 2019. ([#5753](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5753))
+* The `--lean` CLI option for `lake` was removed. Use the `LEAN` environment variable instead. ([#5684](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5684))
+* The `inductive ... :=`, `structure ... :=`, and `class ... :=` syntaxes have been deprecated in favor of the `... where` variants. The old syntax produces a warning, controlled by the `linter.deprecated` option. ([#5542](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5542))
+* The generated tactic configuration elaborators now land in `TacticM` to make use of the current recovery state. Commands that wish to elaborate configurations should now use `declare_command_config_elab` instead of `declare_config_elab` to get an elaborator landing in `CommandElabM`. Syntaxes should migrate to `optConfig` instead of `(config)?`, but the elaborators are reverse compatible. ([#5883](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5883))
+
 
 v4.13.0
 ----------
@@ -88,7 +372,7 @@ v4.13.0
   * [#4768](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/4768) fixes a parse error when `..` appears with a `.` on the next line
 
 * Metaprogramming
-  * [#3090](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/3090) handles level parameters in `Meta.evalExpr` (@eric-wieser)  
+  * [#3090](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/3090) handles level parameters in `Meta.evalExpr` (@eric-wieser)
   * [#5401](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5401) instance for `Inhabited (TacticM α)` (@alexkeizer)
   * [#5412](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5412) expose Kernel.check for debugging purposes
   * [#5556](https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/5556) improves the "invalid projection" type inference error in `inferType`.

debug.log

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[0829/202002.254:ERROR:crashpad_client_win.cc(868)] not connected

doc/examples/test_single.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 source ../../tests/common.sh
 
-exec_check lean -Dlinter.all=false "$f"
+exec_check_raw lean -Dlinter.all=false "$f"

doc/lexical_structure.md

@@ -128,16 +128,16 @@ Numeric literals can be specified in various bases.
 
 ```
    numeral    : numeral10 | numeral2 | numeral8 | numeral16
-   numeral10  : [0-9]+
-   numeral2   : "0" [bB] [0-1]+
-   numeral8   : "0" [oO] [0-7]+
-   numeral16  : "0" [xX] hex_char+
+   numeral10  : [0-9]+ ("_"+ [0-9]+)*
+   numeral2   : "0" [bB] ("_"* [0-1]+)+
+   numeral8   : "0" [oO] ("_"* [0-7]+)+
+   numeral16  : "0" [xX] ("_"* hex_char+)+
 ```
 
 Floating point literals are also possible with optional exponent:
 
 ```
-   float    : [0-9]+ "." [0-9]+ [[eE[+-][0-9]+]
+   float    : numeral10 "." numeral10? [eE[+-]numeral10]
 ```
 
 For example:
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ constant w : Int := 55
 constant x : Nat := 26085
 constant y : Nat := 0x65E5
 constant z : Float := 2.548123e-05
+constant b : Bool := 0b_11_01_10_00
 ```
 
 Note: that negative numbers are created by applying the "-" negation prefix operator to the number, for example:

doc/monads/readers.lean

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ You might be wondering, how does the context actually move through the `ReaderM`
 add an input argument to a function by modifying its return type?  There is a special command in
 Lean that will show you the reduced types:
 -/
-#reduce ReaderM Environment String   -- Environment → String
+#reduce (types := true) ReaderM Environment String   -- Environment → String
 /-!
 And you can see here that this type is actually a function!  It's a function that takes an
 `Environment` as input and returns a `String`.
@@ -196,4 +196,4 @@ entirely.
 
 Now it's time to move on to [StateM Monad](states.lean.md) which is like a `ReaderM` that is
 also updatable.
--/
+-/

script/mathlib-bench

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#! /bin/env bash
+# Open a Mathlib4 PR for benchmarking a given Lean 4 PR
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+[ $# -eq 1 ] || (echo "usage: $0 <lean4 PR #>"; exit 1)
+
+LEAN_PR=$1
+PR_RESPONSE=$(gh api repos/leanprover-community/mathlib4/pulls -X POST -f head=lean-pr-testing-$LEAN_PR -f base=nightly-testing -f title="leanprover/lean4#$LEAN_PR benchmarking" -f draft=true -f body="ignore me")
+PR_NUMBER=$(echo "$PR_RESPONSE" | jq '.number')
+echo "opened https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/pull/$PR_NUMBER"
+gh api repos/leanprover-community/mathlib4/issues/$PR_NUMBER/comments -X POST -f body="!bench" > /dev/null

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ endif()
 include(ExternalProject)
 project(LEAN CXX C)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_MAJOR 4)
-set(LEAN_VERSION_MINOR 15)
+set(LEAN_VERSION_MINOR 16)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_PATCH 0)
 set(LEAN_VERSION_IS_RELEASE 0)  # This number is 1 in the release revision, and 0 otherwise.
 set(LEAN_SPECIAL_VERSION_DESC "" CACHE STRING "Additional version description like 'nightly-2018-03-11'")
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
     # From https://emscripten.org/docs/compiling/WebAssembly.html#backends:
     # > The simple and safe thing is to pass all -s flags at both compile and link time.
     set(EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS "-s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -fwasm-exceptions -pthread -flto")
-    string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -pthread")
+    string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -pthread")
     string(APPEND LEAN_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS " -D LEAN_EMSCRIPTEN ${EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS}")
     string(APPEND LEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS " ${EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS}")
 endif()
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ if ((${MULTI_THREAD} MATCHES "ON") AND (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Darwin"))
 endif ()
 
 # We want explicit stack probes in huge Lean stack frames for robust stack overflow detection
-string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fstack-clash-protection")
+string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -fstack-clash-protection")
 
 # This makes signed integer overflow guaranteed to match 2's complement.
 string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fwrapv")
-string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fwrapv")
+string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -fwrapv")
 
 if(NOT MULTI_THREAD)
   message(STATUS "Disabled multi-thread support, it will not be safe to run multiple threads in parallel")
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
     string(APPEND TOOLCHAIN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-Bsymbolic")
   endif()
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fPIC -ftls-model=initial-exec")
-  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fPIC")
+  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -fPIC")
   string(APPEND TOOLCHAIN_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath=\\$$ORIGIN/..:\\$$ORIGIN")
   string(APPEND LAKESHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLake.a.export -Wl,--no-whole-archive")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath=\\\$ORIGIN/../lib:\\\$ORIGIN/../lib/lean")
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Darwin")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,-rpath,@executable_path/../lib -Wl,-rpath,@executable_path/../lib/lean")
 elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Emscripten")
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fPIC")
-  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fPIC")
+  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -fPIC")
 elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
   string(APPEND LAKESHARED_LINKER_FLAGS " -Wl,--out-implib,${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/lean/libLake_shared.dll.a -Wl,--whole-archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/temp/libLake.a.export -Wl,--no-whole-archive")
 endif()
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ if(NOT(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows") AND NOT(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATC
   string(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS " -rdynamic")
   # hide all other symbols
   string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden")
-  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " -fvisibility=hidden")
+  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " -fvisibility=hidden")
 endif()
 
 # On Windows, add bcrypt for random number generation
@@ -544,9 +544,10 @@ include_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)  # config.h etc., "public" head
 string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 string(APPEND LEANC_OPTS " ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_${uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}}")
 
-# Do embed flag for finding system libraries in dev builds
+# Do embed flag for finding system headers and libraries in dev builds
 if(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT AND NOT LEAN_STANDALONE)
-  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_FLAGS " ${CMAKE_CXX_SYSROOT_FLAG}${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
+  string(APPEND LEANC_EXTRA_CC_FLAGS " ${CMAKE_CXX_SYSROOT_FLAG}${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
+  string(APPEND LEAN_EXTRA_LINKER_FLAGS " ${CMAKE_CXX_SYSROOT_FLAG}${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}")
 endif()
 
 add_subdirectory(initialize)

src/Init/Data.lean

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import Init.Data.Fin
 import Init.Data.UInt
 import Init.Data.SInt
 import Init.Data.Float
+import Init.Data.Float32
 import Init.Data.Option
 import Init.Data.Ord
 import Init.Data.Random

src/Init/Data/Array.lean

@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@ import Init.Data.Array.MapIdx
 import Init.Data.Array.Set
 import Init.Data.Array.Monadic
 import Init.Data.Array.FinRange
+import Init.Data.Array.Perm
+import Init.Data.Array.Find

src/Init/Data/Array/Attach.lean

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ theorem getElem?_attach {xs : Array α} {i : Nat} :
 theorem getElem_attachWith {xs : Array α} {P : α → Prop} {H : ∀ a ∈ xs, P a}
     {i : Nat} (h : i < (xs.attachWith P H).size) :
     (xs.attachWith P H)[i] = ⟨xs[i]'(by simpa using h), H _ (getElem_mem (by simpa using h))⟩ :=
-  getElem_pmap ..
+  getElem_pmap _ _ h
 
 @[simp]
 theorem getElem_attach {xs : Array α} {i : Nat} (h : i < xs.attach.size) :

src/Init/Data/Array/Basic.lean

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import Init.Data.UInt.BasicAux
 import Init.Data.Repr
 import Init.Data.ToString.Basic
 import Init.GetElem
-import Init.Data.List.ToArray
+import Init.Data.List.ToArrayImpl
 import Init.Data.Array.Set
 
 universe u v w
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ theorem ext' {as bs : Array α} (h : as.toList = bs.toList) : as = bs := by
 
 @[simp] theorem getElem_toList {a : Array α} {i : Nat} (h : i < a.size) : a.toList[i] = a[i] := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem getElem?_toList {a : Array α} {i : Nat} : a.toList[i]? = a[i]? := rfl
+
 /-- `a ∈ as` is a predicate which asserts that `a` is in the array `as`. -/
 -- NB: This is defined as a structure rather than a plain def so that a lemma
 -- like `sizeOf_lt_of_mem` will not apply with no actual arrays around.
@@ -97,6 +99,9 @@ instance : Membership α (Array α) where
 theorem mem_def {a : α} {as : Array α} : a ∈ as ↔ a ∈ as.toList :=
   ⟨fun | .mk h => h, Array.Mem.mk⟩
 
+@[simp] theorem mem_toArray {a : α} {l : List α} : a ∈ l.toArray ↔ a ∈ l := by
+  simp [mem_def]
+
 @[simp] theorem getElem_mem {l : Array α} {i : Nat} (h : i < l.size) : l[i] ∈ l := by
   rw [Array.mem_def, ← getElem_toList]
   apply List.getElem_mem
@@ -242,7 +247,7 @@ def singleton (v : α) : Array α :=
   mkArray 1 v
 
 def back! [Inhabited α] (a : Array α) : α :=
-  a.get! (a.size - 1)
+  a[a.size - 1]!
 
 @[deprecated back! (since := "2024-10-31")] abbrev back := @back!
 
@@ -474,6 +479,10 @@ def findSomeM? {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {m : Type v → Type w} [Monad m] (f
     | _      => pure ⟨⟩
   return none
 
+/--
+Note that the universe level is contrained to `Type` here,
+to avoid having to have the predicate live in `p : α → m (ULift Bool)`.
+-/
 @[inline]
 def findM? {α : Type} {m : Type → Type} [Monad m] (p : α → m Bool) (as : Array α) : m (Option α) := do
   for a in as do
@@ -585,8 +594,12 @@ def zipWithIndex (arr : Array α) : Array (α × Nat) :=
   arr.mapIdx fun i a => (a, i)
 
 @[inline]
-def find? {α : Type} (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Option α :=
-  Id.run <| as.findM? p
+def find? {α : Type u} (p : α → Bool) (as : Array α) : Option α :=
+  Id.run do
+    for a in as do
+      if p a then
+        return a
+    return none
 
 @[inline]
 def findSome? {α : Type u} {β : Type v} (f : α → Option β) (as : Array α) : Option β :=
@@ -650,7 +663,7 @@ def all (as : Array α) (p : α → Bool) (start := 0) (stop := as.size) : Bool
   Id.run <| as.allM p start stop
 
 def contains [BEq α] (as : Array α) (a : α) : Bool :=
-  as.any (· == a)
+  as.any (a == ·)
 
 def elem [BEq α] (a : α) (as : Array α) : Bool :=
   as.contains a

src/Init/Data/Array/Find.lean

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ theorem getElem_zero_flatten.proof {L : Array (Array α)} (h : 0 < L.flatten.siz
     (L.findSome? fun l => l[0]?).isSome := by
   cases L using array_array_induction
   simp only [List.findSome?_toArray, List.findSome?_map, Function.comp_def, List.getElem?_toArray,
-    List.findSome?_isSome_iff, List.isSome_getElem?]
+    List.findSome?_isSome_iff, isSome_getElem?]
   simp only [flatten_toArray_map_toArray, size_toArray, List.length_flatten,
     Nat.sum_pos_iff_exists_pos, List.mem_map] at h
   obtain ⟨_, ⟨xs, m, rfl⟩, h⟩ := h

src/Init/Data/Array/Perm.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Data.List.Nat.Perm
+import Init.Data.Array.Lemmas
+
+namespace Array
+
+open List
+
+/--
+`Perm as bs` asserts that `as` and `bs` are permutations of each other.
+
+This is a wrapper around `List.Perm`, and for now has much less API.
+For more complicated verification, use `perm_iff_toList_perm` and the `List` API.
+-/
+def Perm (as bs : Array α) : Prop :=
+  as.toList ~ bs.toList
+
+@[inherit_doc] scoped infixl:50 " ~ " => Perm
+
+theorem perm_iff_toList_perm {as bs : Array α} : as ~ bs ↔ as.toList ~ bs.toList := Iff.rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem perm_toArray (as bs : List α) : as.toArray ~ bs.toArray ↔ as ~ bs := by
+  simp [perm_iff_toList_perm]
+
+@[simp, refl] protected theorem Perm.refl (l : Array α) : l ~ l := by
+  cases l
+  simp
+
+protected theorem Perm.rfl {l : List α} : l ~ l := .refl _
+
+theorem Perm.of_eq {l₁ l₂ : Array α} (h : l₁ = l₂) : l₁ ~ l₂ := h ▸ .rfl
+
+protected theorem Perm.symm {l₁ l₂ : Array α} (h : l₁ ~ l₂) : l₂ ~ l₁ := by
+  cases l₁; cases l₂
+  simp only [perm_toArray] at h
+  simpa using h.symm
+
+protected theorem Perm.trans {l₁ l₂ l₃ : Array α} (h₁ : l₁ ~ l₂) (h₂ : l₂ ~ l₃) : l₁ ~ l₃ := by
+  cases l₁; cases l₂; cases l₃
+  simp only [perm_toArray] at h₁ h₂
+  simpa using h₁.trans h₂
+
+instance : Trans (Perm (α := α)) (Perm (α := α)) (Perm (α := α)) where
+  trans h₁ h₂ := Perm.trans h₁ h₂
+
+theorem perm_comm {l₁ l₂ : Array α} : l₁ ~ l₂ ↔ l₂ ~ l₁ := ⟨Perm.symm, Perm.symm⟩
+
+theorem Perm.push (x y : α) {l₁ l₂ : Array α} (p : l₁ ~ l₂) :
+    (l₁.push x).push y ~ (l₂.push y).push x := by
+  cases l₁; cases l₂
+  simp only [perm_toArray] at p
+  simp only [push_toArray, List.append_assoc, singleton_append, perm_toArray]
+  exact p.append (Perm.swap' _ _ Perm.nil)
+
+theorem swap_perm {as : Array α} {i j : Nat} (h₁ : i < as.size) (h₂ : j < as.size) :
+    as.swap i j ~ as := by
+  simp only [swap, perm_iff_toList_perm, toList_set]
+  apply set_set_perm
+
+end Array

src/Init/Data/Array/TakeDrop.lean

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Array
 theorem exists_of_uset (self : Array α) (i d h) :
     ∃ l₁ l₂, self.toList = l₁ ++ self[i] :: l₂ ∧ List.length l₁ = i.toNat ∧
       (self.uset i d h).toList = l₁ ++ d :: l₂ := by
-  simpa only [ugetElem_eq_getElem, getElem_eq_getElem_toList, uset, toList_set] using
+  simpa only [ugetElem_eq_getElem, ← getElem_toList, uset, toList_set] using
     List.exists_of_set _
 
 end Array

src/Init/Data/BEq.lean

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ theorem BEq.symm [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {a b : α} : a == b → b == a :=
 theorem BEq.comm [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {a b : α} : (a == b) = (b == a) :=
   Bool.eq_iff_iff.2 ⟨BEq.symm, BEq.symm⟩
 
+theorem bne_comm [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {a b : α} : (a != b) = (b != a) := by
+  rw [bne, BEq.comm, bne]
+
 theorem BEq.symm_false [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {a b : α} : (a == b) = false → (b == a) = false :=
   BEq.comm (α := α) ▸ id
 

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Basic.lean

@@ -351,17 +351,17 @@ end relations
 section cast
 
 /-- `cast eq x` embeds `x` into an equal `BitVec` type. -/
-@[inline] def cast (eq : n = m) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec m := .ofNatLt x.toNat (eq ▸ x.isLt)
+@[inline] protected def cast (eq : n = m) (x : BitVec n) : BitVec m := .ofNatLt x.toNat (eq ▸ x.isLt)
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_ofNat {n m : Nat} (h : n = m) (x : Nat) :
-    cast h (BitVec.ofNat n x) = BitVec.ofNat m x := by
+    (BitVec.ofNat n x).cast h = BitVec.ofNat m x := by
   subst h; rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_cast {n m k : Nat} (h₁ : n = m) (h₂ : m = k) (x : BitVec n) :
-    cast h₂ (cast h₁ x) = cast (h₁ ▸ h₂) x :=
+    (x.cast h₁).cast h₂ = x.cast (h₁ ▸ h₂) :=
   rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem cast_eq {n : Nat} (h : n = n) (x : BitVec n) : cast h x = x := rfl
+@[simp] theorem cast_eq {n : Nat} (h : n = n) (x : BitVec n) : x.cast h = x := rfl
 
 /--
 Extraction of bits `start` to `start + len - 1` from a bit vector of size `n` to yield a

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Bitblast.lean

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ theorem msb_neg {w : Nat} {x : BitVec w} :
       case true =>
         apply hmin
         apply eq_of_getMsbD_eq
-        rintro ⟨i, hi⟩
+        intro i hi
         simp only [getMsbD_intMin, w_pos, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
         cases i
         case zero => exact hmsb
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ theorem msb_neg {w : Nat} {x : BitVec w} :
       case false =>
         apply hzero
         apply eq_of_getMsbD_eq
-        rintro ⟨i, hi⟩
+        intro i hi
         simp only [getMsbD_zero]
         cases i
         case zero => exact hmsb
@@ -573,11 +573,11 @@ theorem setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_add_twoPow (x : BitVec w) (i
     setWidth w (x.setWidth (i + 1)) =
       setWidth w (x.setWidth i) + (x &&& twoPow w i) := by
   rw [add_eq_or_of_and_eq_zero]
-  · ext k
-    simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
+  · ext k h
+    simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
     by_cases hik : i = k
     · subst hik
-      simp
+      simp [h]
     · simp only [getLsbD_twoPow, hik, decide_false, Bool.and_false, Bool.or_false]
       by_cases hik' : k < (i + 1)
       · have hik'' : k < i := by omega

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Lemmas.lean

@@ -173,21 +173,21 @@ theorem getMsbD_eq_getMsb?_getD (x : BitVec w) (i : Nat) :
 -- We choose `eq_of_getLsbD_eq` as the `@[ext]` theorem for `BitVec`
 -- somewhat arbitrarily over `eq_of_getMsbD_eq`.
 @[ext] theorem eq_of_getLsbD_eq {x y : BitVec w}
-    (pred : ∀(i : Fin w), x.getLsbD i.val = y.getLsbD i.val) : x = y := by
+    (pred : ∀ i, i < w → x.getLsbD i = y.getLsbD i) : x = y := by
   apply eq_of_toNat_eq
   apply Nat.eq_of_testBit_eq
   intro i
   if i_lt : i < w then
-    exact pred ⟨i, i_lt⟩
+    exact pred i i_lt
   else
     have p : i ≥ w := Nat.le_of_not_gt i_lt
     simp [testBit_toNat, getLsbD_ge _ _ p]
 
 theorem eq_of_getMsbD_eq {x y : BitVec w}
-    (pred : ∀(i : Fin w), x.getMsbD i.val = y.getMsbD i.val) : x = y := by
+    (pred : ∀ i, i < w → x.getMsbD i = y.getMsbD i) : x = y := by
   simp only [getMsbD] at pred
   apply eq_of_getLsbD_eq
-  intro ⟨i, i_lt⟩
+  intro i i_lt
   if w_zero : w = 0 then
     simp [w_zero]
   else
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ theorem eq_of_getMsbD_eq {x y : BitVec w}
       simp only [Nat.sub_sub]
       apply Nat.sub_lt w_pos
       simp [Nat.succ_add]
-    have q := pred ⟨w - 1 - i, q_lt⟩
+    have q := pred (w - 1 - i) q_lt
     simpa [q_lt, Nat.sub_sub_self, r] using q
 
 -- This cannot be a `@[simp]` lemma, as it would be tried at every term.
@@ -241,8 +241,11 @@ theorem toFin_one  : toFin (1 : BitVec w) = 1 := by
 @[simp] theorem toNat_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).toNat = b.toNat := by
   cases b <;> rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem msb_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).msb = b := by
-  cases b <;> simp [BitVec.msb, getMsbD, getLsbD]
+@[simp] theorem toInt_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).toInt = -b.toInt := by
+  cases b <;> rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem toFin_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).toFin = Fin.ofNat' 2 (b.toNat) := by
+  cases b <;> rfl
 
 theorem ofNat_one (n : Nat) : BitVec.ofNat 1 n = BitVec.ofBool (n % 2 = 1) :=  by
   rcases (Nat.mod_two_eq_zero_or_one n) with h | h <;> simp [h, BitVec.ofNat, Fin.ofNat']
@@ -366,6 +369,12 @@ theorem getElem_ofBool {b : Bool} {i : Nat} : (ofBool b)[0] = b := by
   · simp only [ofBool]
     by_cases hi : i = 0 <;> simp [hi] <;> omega
 
+@[simp] theorem getMsbD_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).getMsbD i = (decide (i = 0) && b) := by
+  cases b <;> simp [getMsbD]
+
+@[simp] theorem msb_ofBool (b : Bool) : (ofBool b).msb = b := by
+  cases b <;> simp [BitVec.msb]
+
 /-! ### msb -/
 
 @[simp] theorem msb_zero : (0#w).msb = false := by simp [BitVec.msb, getMsbD]
@@ -410,21 +419,21 @@ theorem toNat_ge_of_msb_true {x : BitVec n} (p : BitVec.msb x = true) : x.toNat
 
 /-! ### cast -/
 
-@[simp, bv_toNat] theorem toNat_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (cast h x).toNat = x.toNat := rfl
+@[simp, bv_toNat] theorem toNat_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (x.cast h).toNat = x.toNat := rfl
 @[simp] theorem toFin_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) :
-    (cast h x).toFin = x.toFin.cast (by rw [h]) :=
+    (x.cast h).toFin = x.toFin.cast (by rw [h]) :=
   rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem getLsbD_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (cast h x).getLsbD i = x.getLsbD i := by
+@[simp] theorem getLsbD_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (x.cast h).getLsbD i = x.getLsbD i := by
   subst h; simp
 
-@[simp] theorem getMsbD_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (cast h x).getMsbD i = x.getMsbD i := by
+@[simp] theorem getMsbD_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (x.cast h).getMsbD i = x.getMsbD i := by
   subst h; simp
 
-@[simp] theorem getElem_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) (p : i < v) : (cast h x)[i] = x[i] := by
+@[simp] theorem getElem_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) (p : i < v) : (x.cast h)[i] = x[i] := by
   subst h; simp
 
-@[simp] theorem msb_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (cast h x).msb = x.msb := by
+@[simp] theorem msb_cast (h : w = v) (x : BitVec w) : (x.cast h).msb = x.msb := by
   simp [BitVec.msb]
 
 /-! ### toInt/ofInt -/
@@ -498,6 +507,9 @@ theorem toInt_ofNat {n : Nat} (x : Nat) :
 @[simp] theorem ofInt_ofNat (w n : Nat) :
   BitVec.ofInt w (no_index (OfNat.ofNat n)) = BitVec.ofNat w (OfNat.ofNat n) := rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem ofInt_toInt {x : BitVec w} : BitVec.ofInt w x.toInt = x := by
+  by_cases h : 2 * x.toNat < 2^w <;> ext <;> simp [getLsbD, h, BitVec.toInt]
+
 theorem toInt_neg_iff {w : Nat} {x : BitVec w} :
     BitVec.toInt x < 0 ↔ 2 ^ w ≤ 2 * x.toNat := by
   simp [toInt_eq_toNat_cond]; omega
@@ -569,6 +581,10 @@ theorem zeroExtend_eq_setWidth {v : Nat} {x : BitVec w} :
     (x.setWidth v).toInt = Int.bmod x.toNat (2^v) := by
   simp [toInt_eq_toNat_bmod, toNat_setWidth, Int.emod_bmod]
 
+@[simp] theorem toFin_setWidth {x : BitVec w} :
+    (x.setWidth v).toFin = Fin.ofNat' (2^v) x.toNat := by
+  ext; simp
+
 theorem setWidth'_eq {x : BitVec w} (h : w ≤ v) : x.setWidth' h = x.setWidth v := by
   apply eq_of_toNat_eq
   rw [toNat_setWidth, toNat_setWidth']
@@ -645,6 +661,20 @@ theorem getElem?_setWidth (m : Nat) (x : BitVec n) (i : Nat) :
     getLsbD (setWidth m x) i = (decide (i < m) && getLsbD x i) := by
   simp [getLsbD, toNat_setWidth, Nat.testBit_mod_two_pow]
 
+theorem getMsbD_setWidth {m : Nat} {x : BitVec n} {i : Nat} :
+    getMsbD (setWidth m x) i = (decide (m - n ≤ i) && getMsbD x (i + n - m)) := by
+  unfold setWidth
+  by_cases h : n ≤ m <;> simp only [h]
+  · by_cases h' : m - n ≤ i
+    <;> simp [h', show i - (m - n) = i + n - m by omega]
+  · simp only [show m - n = 0 by omega, getMsbD, getLsbD_setWidth]
+    by_cases h' : i < m
+    · simp [show m - 1 - i < m by omega, show i + n - m < n by omega,
+        show n - 1 - (i + n - m) = m - 1 - i by omega]
+      omega
+    · simp [h']
+      omega
+
 @[simp] theorem getMsbD_setWidth_add {x : BitVec w} (h : k ≤ i) :
     (x.setWidth (w + k)).getMsbD i = x.getMsbD (i - k) := by
   by_cases h : w = 0
@@ -658,7 +688,7 @@ theorem getElem?_setWidth (m : Nat) (x : BitVec n) (i : Nat) :
     <;> omega
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_setWidth (h : v = v') (x : BitVec w) :
-    cast h (setWidth v x) = setWidth v' x := by
+    (x.setWidth v).cast h = x.setWidth v' := by
   subst h
   ext
   simp
@@ -671,7 +701,7 @@ theorem getElem?_setWidth (m : Nat) (x : BitVec n) (i : Nat) :
   revert p
   cases getLsbD x i <;> simp; omega
 
-@[simp] theorem setWidth_cast {h : w = v} : (cast h x).setWidth k = x.setWidth k := by
+@[simp] theorem setWidth_cast {x : BitVec w} {h : w = v} : (x.cast h).setWidth k = x.setWidth k := by
   apply eq_of_getLsbD_eq
   simp
 
@@ -689,14 +719,15 @@ theorem msb_setWidth'' (x : BitVec w) : (x.setWidth (k + 1)).msb = x.getLsbD k :
 /-- zero extending a bitvector to width 1 equals the boolean of the lsb. -/
 theorem setWidth_one_eq_ofBool_getLsb_zero (x : BitVec w) :
     x.setWidth 1 = BitVec.ofBool (x.getLsbD 0) := by
-  ext i
-  simp [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.fin_one_eq_zero i]
+  ext i h
+  simp at h
+  simp [getLsbD_setWidth, h]
 
 /-- Zero extending `1#v` to `1#w` equals `1#w` when `v > 0`. -/
 theorem setWidth_ofNat_one_eq_ofNat_one_of_lt {v w : Nat} (hv : 0 < v) :
     (BitVec.ofNat v 1).setWidth w = BitVec.ofNat w 1 := by
-  ext ⟨i, hilt⟩
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, hilt, decide_true, getLsbD_ofNat, Bool.true_and,
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, decide_true, getLsbD_ofNat, Bool.true_and,
     Bool.and_iff_right_iff_imp, decide_eq_true_eq]
   intros hi₁
   have hv := Nat.testBit_one_eq_true_iff_self_eq_zero.mp hi₁
@@ -723,8 +754,7 @@ protected theorem extractLsb_ofFin {n} (x : Fin (2^n)) (hi lo : Nat) :
 @[simp]
 protected theorem extractLsb_ofNat (x n : Nat) (hi lo : Nat) :
   extractLsb hi lo (BitVec.ofNat n x) = .ofNat (hi - lo + 1) ((x % 2^n) >>> lo) := by
-  apply eq_of_getLsbD_eq
-  intro ⟨i, _lt⟩
+  ext i
   simp [BitVec.ofNat]
 
 @[simp] theorem extractLsb'_toNat (s m : Nat) (x : BitVec n) :
@@ -811,8 +841,8 @@ theorem extractLsb'_eq_extractLsb {w : Nat} (x : BitVec w) (start len : Nat) (h
 
 @[simp] theorem setWidth_or {x y : BitVec w} :
     (x ||| y).setWidth k = x.setWidth k ||| y.setWidth k := by
-  ext
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 theorem or_assoc (x y z : BitVec w) :
     x ||| y ||| z = x ||| (y ||| z) := by
@@ -845,12 +875,12 @@ instance : Std.LawfulCommIdentity (α := BitVec n) (· ||| · ) (0#n) where
   simp
 
 @[simp] theorem or_allOnes {x : BitVec w} : x ||| allOnes w = allOnes w := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 @[simp] theorem allOnes_or {x : BitVec w} : allOnes w ||| x = allOnes w := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 /-! ### and -/
 
@@ -884,8 +914,8 @@ instance : Std.LawfulCommIdentity (α := BitVec n) (· ||| · ) (0#n) where
 
 @[simp] theorem setWidth_and {x y : BitVec w} :
     (x &&& y).setWidth k = x.setWidth k &&& y.setWidth k := by
-  ext
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 theorem and_assoc (x y z : BitVec w) :
     x &&& y &&& z = x &&& (y &&& z) := by
@@ -915,15 +945,15 @@ instance : Std.IdempotentOp (α := BitVec n) (· &&& · ) where
   simp
 
 @[simp] theorem and_allOnes {x : BitVec w} : x &&& allOnes w = x := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 instance : Std.LawfulCommIdentity (α := BitVec n) (· &&& · ) (allOnes n) where
   right_id _ := BitVec.and_allOnes
 
 @[simp] theorem allOnes_and {x : BitVec w} : allOnes w &&& x = x := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 /-! ### xor -/
 
@@ -960,8 +990,8 @@ instance : Std.LawfulCommIdentity (α := BitVec n) (· &&& · ) (allOnes n) wher
 
 @[simp] theorem setWidth_xor {x y : BitVec w} :
     (x ^^^ y).setWidth k = x.setWidth k ^^^ y.setWidth k := by
-  ext
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 theorem xor_assoc (x y z : BitVec w) :
     x ^^^ y ^^^ z = x ^^^ (y ^^^ z) := by
@@ -1054,9 +1084,9 @@ theorem not_def {x : BitVec v} : ~~~x = allOnes v ^^^ x := rfl
   rw [Nat.testBit_two_pow_sub_succ x.isLt]
   simp [h]
 
-@[simp] theorem setWidth_not {x : BitVec w} (h : k ≤ w) :
+@[simp] theorem setWidth_not {x : BitVec w} (_ : k ≤ w) :
     (~~~x).setWidth k = ~~~(x.setWidth k) := by
-  ext
+  ext i h
   simp [h]
   omega
 
@@ -1069,17 +1099,17 @@ theorem not_def {x : BitVec v} : ~~~x = allOnes v ^^^ x := rfl
   simp
 
 @[simp] theorem xor_allOnes {x : BitVec w} : x ^^^ allOnes w = ~~~ x := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 @[simp] theorem allOnes_xor {x : BitVec w} : allOnes w ^^^ x = ~~~ x := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 @[simp]
 theorem not_not {b : BitVec w} : ~~~(~~~b) = b := by
-  ext i
-  simp
+  ext i h
+  simp [h]
 
 theorem not_eq_comm {x y : BitVec w} : ~~~ x = y ↔ x = ~~~ y := by
   constructor
@@ -1102,19 +1132,19 @@ theorem not_eq_comm {x y : BitVec w} : ~~~ x = y ↔ x = ~~~ y := by
 
 /-! ### cast -/
 
-@[simp] theorem not_cast {x : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : ~~~(cast h x) = cast h (~~~x) := by
+@[simp] theorem not_cast {x : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : ~~~(x.cast h) = (~~~x).cast h := by
   ext
   simp_all [lt_of_getLsbD]
 
-@[simp] theorem and_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : cast h x &&& cast h y = cast h (x &&& y) := by
+@[simp] theorem and_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : x.cast h &&& y.cast h = (x &&& y).cast h := by
   ext
   simp_all [lt_of_getLsbD]
 
-@[simp] theorem or_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : cast h x ||| cast h y = cast h (x ||| y) := by
+@[simp] theorem or_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : x.cast h ||| y.cast h = (x ||| y).cast h := by
   ext
   simp_all [lt_of_getLsbD]
 
-@[simp] theorem xor_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : cast h x ^^^ cast h y = cast h (x ^^^ y) := by
+@[simp] theorem xor_cast {x y : BitVec w} (h : w = w') : x.cast h ^^^ y.cast h = (x ^^^ y).cast h := by
   ext
   simp_all [lt_of_getLsbD]
 
@@ -1154,24 +1184,21 @@ theorem zero_shiftLeft (n : Nat) : 0#w <<< n = 0#w := by
 
 theorem shiftLeft_xor_distrib (x y : BitVec w) (n : Nat) :
     (x ^^^ y) <<< n = (x <<< n) ^^^ (y <<< n) := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_xor]
-  by_cases h : i < n
-    <;> simp [h]
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_xor]
+  by_cases h' : i < n <;> simp [h']
 
 theorem shiftLeft_and_distrib (x y : BitVec w) (n : Nat) :
     (x &&& y) <<< n = (x <<< n) &&& (y <<< n) := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_and]
-  by_cases h : i < n
-    <;> simp [h]
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_and]
+  by_cases h' : i < n <;> simp [h']
 
 theorem shiftLeft_or_distrib (x y : BitVec w) (n : Nat) :
     (x ||| y) <<< n = (x <<< n) ||| (y <<< n) := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or]
-  by_cases h : i < n
-    <;> simp [h]
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_shiftLeft, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or]
+  by_cases h' : i < n <;> simp [h']
 
 @[simp] theorem getMsbD_shiftLeft (x : BitVec w) (i) :
     (x <<< i).getMsbD k = x.getMsbD (k + i) := by
@@ -1316,6 +1343,61 @@ theorem toNat_ushiftRight_lt (x : BitVec w) (n : Nat) (hn : n ≤ w) :
     · apply hn
   · apply Nat.pow_pos (by decide)
 
+
+/-- Shifting right by `n`, which is larger than the bitwidth `w` produces `0. -/
+theorem ushiftRight_eq_zero {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat} (hn : w ≤ n) :
+    x >>> n = 0#w := by
+  simp only [toNat_eq, toNat_ushiftRight, toNat_ofNat, Nat.zero_mod]
+  have : 2^w ≤ 2^n := Nat.pow_le_pow_of_le Nat.one_lt_two hn
+  rw [Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow, Nat.div_eq_of_lt (by omega)]
+
+
+/--
+Unsigned shift right by at least one bit makes the interpretations of the bitvector as an `Int` or `Nat` agree,
+because it makes the value of the bitvector less than or equal to `2^(w-1)`.
+-/
+theorem toInt_ushiftRight_of_lt {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat} (hn : 0 < n) :
+    (x >>> n).toInt = x.toNat >>> n := by
+  rw [toInt_eq_toNat_cond]
+  simp only [toNat_ushiftRight, ite_eq_left_iff, Nat.not_lt]
+  intros h
+  by_cases hn : n ≤ w
+  · have h1 := Nat.mul_lt_mul_of_pos_left (toNat_ushiftRight_lt x n hn) Nat.two_pos
+    simp only [toNat_ushiftRight, Nat.zero_lt_succ, Nat.mul_lt_mul_left] at h1
+    have : 2 ^ (w - n).succ ≤ 2^ w := Nat.pow_le_pow_of_le (by decide) (by omega)
+    have := show 2 * x.toNat >>> n < 2 ^ w by
+      omega
+    omega
+  · have : x.toNat >>> n = 0 := by
+      apply Nat.shiftRight_eq_zero
+      have : 2^w ≤ 2^n := Nat.pow_le_pow_of_le (by decide) (by omega)
+      omega
+    simp [this] at h
+    omega
+
+/--
+Unsigned shift right by at least one bit makes the interpretations of the bitvector as an `Int` or `Nat` agree,
+because it makes the value of the bitvector less than or equal to `2^(w-1)`.
+In the case when `n = 0`, then the shift right value equals the integer interpretation.
+-/
+@[simp]
+theorem toInt_ushiftRight {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat} :
+    (x >>> n).toInt = if n = 0 then x.toInt else x.toNat >>> n := by
+  by_cases hn : n = 0
+  · simp [hn]
+  · rw [toInt_ushiftRight_of_lt (by omega), toInt_eq_toNat_cond]
+    simp [hn]
+
+@[simp]
+theorem toFin_uShiftRight {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat} :
+    (x >>> n).toFin = x.toFin / (Fin.ofNat' (2^w) (2^n)) := by
+  apply Fin.eq_of_val_eq
+  by_cases hn : n < w
+  · simp [Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow, Nat.mod_eq_of_lt (Nat.pow_lt_pow_of_lt Nat.one_lt_two hn)]
+  · simp only [Nat.not_lt] at hn
+    rw [ushiftRight_eq_zero (by omega)]
+    simp [Nat.dvd_iff_mod_eq_zero.mp (Nat.pow_dvd_pow 2 hn)]
+
 @[simp]
 theorem getMsbD_ushiftRight {x : BitVec w} {i n : Nat} :
     (x >>> n).getMsbD i = (decide (i < w) && (!decide (i < n) && x.getMsbD (i - n))) := by
@@ -1455,12 +1537,12 @@ theorem msb_sshiftRight {n : Nat} {x : BitVec w} :
     simp [show n = 0 by omega]
 
 @[simp] theorem sshiftRight_zero {x : BitVec w} : x.sshiftRight 0 = x := by
-  ext i
-  simp [getLsbD_sshiftRight]
+  ext i h
+  simp [getLsbD_sshiftRight, h]
 
 @[simp] theorem zero_sshiftRight {n : Nat} : (0#w).sshiftRight n = 0#w := by
-  ext i
-  simp [getLsbD_sshiftRight]
+  ext i h
+  simp [getLsbD_sshiftRight, h]
 
 theorem sshiftRight_add {x : BitVec w} {m n : Nat} :
     x.sshiftRight (m + n) = (x.sshiftRight m).sshiftRight n := by
@@ -1561,7 +1643,7 @@ private theorem Int.negSucc_emod (m : Nat) (n : Int) :
     -(m + 1) % n = Int.subNatNat (Int.natAbs n) ((m % Int.natAbs n) + 1) := rfl
 
 /-- The sign extension is the same as zero extending when `msb = false`. -/
-theorem signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_false {x : BitVec w} {v : Nat} (hmsb : x.msb = false) :
+theorem signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false {x : BitVec w} {v : Nat} (hmsb : x.msb = false) :
     x.signExtend v = x.setWidth v := by
   ext i
   by_cases hv : i < v
@@ -1597,21 +1679,36 @@ theorem signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_true {x : BitVec w} {v : Nat} (hms
 theorem getLsbD_signExtend (x  : BitVec w) {v i : Nat} :
     (x.signExtend v).getLsbD i = (decide (i < v) && if i < w then x.getLsbD i else x.msb) := by
   rcases hmsb : x.msb with rfl | rfl
-  · rw [signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_false hmsb]
+  · rw [signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false hmsb]
     by_cases (i < v) <;> by_cases (i < w) <;> simp_all <;> omega
   · rw [signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_true hmsb]
     by_cases (i < v) <;> by_cases (i < w) <;> simp_all <;> omega
 
+theorem getMsbD_signExtend {x : BitVec w} {v i : Nat} :
+    (x.signExtend v).getMsbD i =
+      (decide (i < v) && if v - w ≤ i then x.getMsbD (i + w - v) else x.msb) := by
+  rcases hmsb : x.msb with rfl | rfl
+  · simp only [signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false hmsb, getMsbD_setWidth]
+    by_cases h : v - w ≤ i <;> simp [h, getMsbD] <;> omega
+  · simp only [signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_true hmsb, getMsbD_not, getMsbD_setWidth]
+    by_cases h : i < v <;> by_cases h' : v - w ≤ i <;> simp [h, h'] <;> omega
+
 theorem getElem_signExtend {x  : BitVec w} {v i : Nat} (h : i < v) :
     (x.signExtend v)[i] = if i < w then x.getLsbD i else x.msb := by
   rw [←getLsbD_eq_getElem, getLsbD_signExtend]
   simp [h]
 
+theorem msb_signExtend {x : BitVec w} :
+    (x.signExtend v).msb = (decide (0 < v) && if w ≥ v then x.getMsbD (w - v) else x.msb) := by
+  by_cases h : w ≥ v
+  · simp [h, BitVec.msb, getMsbD_signExtend, show v - w = 0 by omega]
+  · simp [h, BitVec.msb, getMsbD_signExtend, show ¬ (v - w = 0) by omega]
+
 /-- Sign extending to a width smaller than the starting width is a truncation. -/
 theorem signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_lt (x : BitVec w) {v : Nat} (hv : v ≤ w):
   x.signExtend v = x.setWidth v := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_signExtend, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_setWidth,
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_signExtend, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_setWidth,
     ite_eq_left_iff, Nat.not_lt]
   omega
 
@@ -1705,35 +1802,34 @@ theorem append_def (x : BitVec v) (y : BitVec w) :
   rfl
 
 theorem getLsbD_append {x : BitVec n} {y : BitVec m} :
-    getLsbD (x ++ y) i = bif i < m then getLsbD y i else getLsbD x (i - m) := by
+    getLsbD (x ++ y) i = if i < m then getLsbD y i else getLsbD x (i - m) := by
   simp only [append_def, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_shiftLeftZeroExtend, getLsbD_setWidth']
   by_cases h : i < m
   · simp [h]
   · simp_all [h]
 
 theorem getElem_append {x : BitVec n} {y : BitVec m} (h : i < n + m) :
-    (x ++ y)[i] = bif i < m then getLsbD y i else getLsbD x (i - m) := by
+    (x ++ y)[i] = if i < m then getLsbD y i else getLsbD x (i - m) := by
   simp only [append_def, getElem_or, getElem_shiftLeftZeroExtend, getElem_setWidth']
   by_cases h' : i < m
   · simp [h']
   · simp_all [h']
 
 @[simp] theorem getMsbD_append {x : BitVec n} {y : BitVec m} :
-    getMsbD (x ++ y) i = bif n ≤ i then getMsbD y (i - n) else getMsbD x i := by
+    getMsbD (x ++ y) i = if n ≤ i then getMsbD y (i - n) else getMsbD x i := by
   simp only [append_def]
   by_cases h : n ≤ i
   · simp [h]
   · simp [h]
 
 theorem msb_append {x : BitVec w} {y : BitVec v} :
-    (x ++ y).msb = bif (w == 0) then (y.msb) else (x.msb) := by
+    (x ++ y).msb = if w = 0 then y.msb else x.msb := by
   rw [← append_eq, append]
   simp only [msb_or, msb_shiftLeftZeroExtend, msb_setWidth']
   by_cases h : w = 0
   · subst h
     simp [BitVec.msb, getMsbD]
-  · rw [cond_eq_if]
-    have q : 0 < w + v := by omega
+  · have q : 0 < w + v := by omega
     have t : y.getLsbD (w + v - 1) = false := getLsbD_ge _ _ (by omega)
     simp [h, q, t, BitVec.msb, getMsbD]
 
@@ -1742,17 +1838,17 @@ theorem msb_append {x : BitVec w} {y : BitVec v} :
   rw [getLsbD_append] -- Why does this not work with `simp [getLsbD_append]`?
   simp
 
-@[simp] theorem zero_width_append (x : BitVec 0) (y : BitVec v) : x ++ y = cast (by omega) y := by
+@[simp] theorem zero_width_append (x : BitVec 0) (y : BitVec v) : x ++ y = y.cast (by omega) := by
   ext
   rw [getLsbD_append]
   simpa using lt_of_getLsbD
 
 @[simp] theorem zero_append_zero : 0#v ++ 0#w = 0#(v + w) := by
   ext
-  simp only [getLsbD_append, getLsbD_zero, Bool.cond_self]
+  simp only [getLsbD_append, getLsbD_zero, ite_self]
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_append_right (h : w + v = w + v') (x : BitVec w) (y : BitVec v) :
-    cast h (x ++ y) = x ++ cast (by omega) y := by
+    (x ++ y).cast h = x ++ y.cast (by omega) := by
   ext
   simp only [getLsbD_cast, getLsbD_append, cond_eq_if, decide_eq_true_eq]
   split <;> split
@@ -1763,27 +1859,25 @@ theorem msb_append {x : BitVec w} {y : BitVec v} :
     omega
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_append_left (h : w + v = w' + v) (x : BitVec w) (y : BitVec v) :
-    cast h (x ++ y) = cast (by omega) x ++ y := by
+    (x ++ y).cast h = x.cast (by omega) ++ y := by
   ext
   simp [getLsbD_append]
 
 theorem setWidth_append {x : BitVec w} {y : BitVec v} :
     (x ++ y).setWidth k = if h : k ≤ v then y.setWidth k else (x.setWidth (k - v) ++ y).cast (by omega) := by
-  apply eq_of_getLsbD_eq
-  intro i
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, getLsbD_append, Bool.true_and]
-  split
-  · have t : i < v := by omega
-    simp [t]
-  · by_cases t : i < v
-    · simp [t, getLsbD_append]
-    · have t' : i - v < k - v := by omega
-      simp [t, t', getLsbD_append]
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, getLsbD_append]
+  split <;> rename_i h₁ <;> split <;> rename_i h₂
+  · simp [h]
+  · simp [getLsbD_append, h₁]
+  · omega
+  · simp [getLsbD_append, h₁]
+    omega
 
 @[simp] theorem setWidth_append_of_eq {x : BitVec v} {y : BitVec w} (h : w' = w) : setWidth (v' + w') (x ++ y) = setWidth v' x ++ setWidth w' y := by
   subst h
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, getLsbD_append, cond_eq_if,
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, decide_true, getLsbD_append, cond_eq_if,
     decide_eq_true_eq, Bool.true_and, setWidth_eq]
   split
   · simp_all
@@ -1833,12 +1927,12 @@ theorem shiftLeft_ushiftRight {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat}:
   case succ n ih =>
     rw [BitVec.shiftLeft_add, Nat.add_comm, BitVec.shiftRight_add, ih,
        Nat.add_comm, BitVec.shiftLeft_add, BitVec.shiftLeft_and_distrib]
-    ext i
+    ext i h
     by_cases hw : w = 0
     · simp [hw]
-    · by_cases hi₂ : i.val = 0
+    · by_cases hi₂ : i = 0
       · simp [hi₂]
-      · simp [Nat.lt_one_iff, hi₂, show 1 + (i.val - 1) = i by omega]
+      · simp [Nat.lt_one_iff, hi₂, h, show 1 + (i - 1) = i by omega]
 
 @[simp]
 theorem msb_shiftLeft {x : BitVec w} {n : Nat} :
@@ -1923,13 +2017,12 @@ theorem getElem_cons {b : Bool} {n} {x : BitVec n} {i : Nat} (h : i < n + 1) :
 
 theorem setWidth_succ (x : BitVec w) :
     setWidth (i+1) x = cons (getLsbD x i) (setWidth i x) := by
-  apply eq_of_getLsbD_eq
-  intro j
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, getLsbD_cons, j.isLt, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
-  if j_eq : j.val = i then
+  ext j h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, getLsbD_cons, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
+  if j_eq : j = i then
     simp [j_eq]
   else
-    have j_lt : j.val < i := Nat.lt_of_le_of_ne (Nat.le_of_succ_le_succ j.isLt) j_eq
+    have j_lt : j < i := Nat.lt_of_le_of_ne (Nat.le_of_succ_le_succ h) j_eq
     simp [j_eq, j_lt]
 
 @[simp] theorem cons_msb_setWidth (x : BitVec (w+1)) : (cons x.msb (x.setWidth w)) = x := by
@@ -2002,20 +2095,64 @@ theorem getElem_concat (x : BitVec w) (b : Bool) (i : Nat) (h : i < w + 1) :
     (concat x b)[i + 1] = x[i] := by
   simp [getElem_concat, h, getLsbD_eq_getElem]
 
+@[simp]
+theorem getMsbD_concat {i w : Nat} {b : Bool} {x : BitVec w} :
+    (x.concat b).getMsbD i = if i < w then x.getMsbD i else decide (i = w) && b := by
+  simp only [getMsbD_eq_getLsbD, Nat.add_sub_cancel, getLsbD_concat]
+  by_cases h₀ : i = w
+  · simp [h₀]
+  · by_cases h₁ : i < w
+    · simp [h₀, h₁, show ¬ w - i = 0 by omega, show i < w + 1 by omega, Nat.sub_sub, Nat.add_comm]
+    · simp only [show w - i = 0 by omega, ↓reduceIte, h₁, h₀, decide_false, Bool.false_and,
+        Bool.and_eq_false_imp, decide_eq_true_eq]
+      intro
+      omega
+
+@[simp]
+theorem msb_concat {w : Nat} {b : Bool} {x : BitVec w} :
+    (x.concat b).msb = if 0 < w then x.msb else b := by
+  simp only [BitVec.msb, getMsbD_eq_getLsbD, Nat.zero_lt_succ, decide_true, Nat.add_one_sub_one,
+    Nat.sub_zero, Bool.true_and]
+  by_cases h₀ : 0 < w
+  · simp only [Nat.lt_add_one, getLsbD_eq_getElem, getElem_concat, h₀, ↓reduceIte, decide_true,
+      Bool.true_and, ite_eq_right_iff]
+    intro
+    omega
+  · simp [h₀, show w = 0 by omega]
+
+@[simp] theorem toInt_concat (x : BitVec w) (b : Bool) :
+    (concat x b).toInt = if w = 0 then -b.toInt else x.toInt * 2 + b.toInt := by
+  simp only [BitVec.toInt, toNat_concat]
+  cases w
+  · cases b <;> simp [eq_nil x]
+  · cases b <;> simp <;> omega
+
+@[simp] theorem toFin_concat (x : BitVec w) (b : Bool) :
+    (concat x b).toFin = Fin.mk (x.toNat * 2 + b.toNat) (by
+      have := Bool.toNat_lt b
+      simp [← Nat.two_pow_pred_add_two_pow_pred, Bool.toNat_lt b]
+      omega
+    ) := by
+  simp [← Fin.val_inj]
+
 @[simp] theorem not_concat (x : BitVec w) (b : Bool) : ~~~(concat x b) = concat (~~~x) !b := by
-  ext i; cases i using Fin.succRecOn <;> simp [*, Nat.succ_lt_succ]
+  ext (_ | i) h <;> simp [getLsbD_concat]
 
 @[simp] theorem concat_or_concat (x y : BitVec w) (a b : Bool) :
     (concat x a) ||| (concat y b) = concat (x ||| y) (a || b) := by
-  ext i; cases i using Fin.succRecOn <;> simp
+  ext (_ | i) h <;> simp [getLsbD_concat]
 
 @[simp] theorem concat_and_concat (x y : BitVec w) (a b : Bool) :
     (concat x a) &&& (concat y b) = concat (x &&& y) (a && b) := by
-  ext i; cases i using Fin.succRecOn <;> simp
+  ext (_ | i) h <;> simp [getLsbD_concat]
 
 @[simp] theorem concat_xor_concat (x y : BitVec w) (a b : Bool) :
     (concat x a) ^^^ (concat y b) = concat (x ^^^ y) (a ^^ b) := by
-  ext i; cases i using Fin.succRecOn <;> simp
+  ext (_ | i) h <;> simp [getLsbD_concat]
+
+@[simp] theorem zero_concat_false : concat 0#w false = 0#(w + 1) := by
+  ext
+  simp [getLsbD_concat]
 
 /-! ### shiftConcat -/
 
@@ -2032,8 +2169,8 @@ theorem getLsbD_shiftConcat_eq_decide (x : BitVec w) (b : Bool) (i : Nat) :
 
 theorem shiftRight_sub_one_eq_shiftConcat (n : BitVec w) (hwn : 0 < wn) :
     n >>> (wn - 1) = (n >>> wn).shiftConcat (n.getLsbD (wn - 1)) := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_ushiftRight, getLsbD_shiftConcat, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
+  ext i h
+  simp only [getLsbD_ushiftRight, getLsbD_shiftConcat, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
   split
   · simp [*]
   · congr 1; omega
@@ -2062,35 +2199,6 @@ theorem toNat_shiftConcat_lt_of_lt {x : BitVec w} {b : Bool} {k : Nat}
   have := Bool.toNat_lt b
   omega
 
-@[simp] theorem zero_concat_false : concat 0#w false = 0#(w + 1) := by
-  ext
-  simp [getLsbD_concat]
-
-@[simp]
-theorem getMsbD_concat {i w : Nat} {b : Bool} {x : BitVec w} :
-    (x.concat b).getMsbD i = if i < w then x.getMsbD i else decide (i = w) && b := by
-  simp only [getMsbD_eq_getLsbD, Nat.add_sub_cancel, getLsbD_concat]
-  by_cases h₀ : i = w
-  · simp [h₀]
-  · by_cases h₁ : i < w
-    · simp [h₀, h₁, show ¬ w - i = 0 by omega, show i < w + 1 by omega, Nat.sub_sub, Nat.add_comm]
-    · simp only [show w - i = 0 by omega, ↓reduceIte, h₁, h₀, decide_false, Bool.false_and,
-        Bool.and_eq_false_imp, decide_eq_true_eq]
-      intro
-      omega
-
-@[simp]
-theorem msb_concat {w : Nat} {b : Bool} {x : BitVec w} :
-    (x.concat b).msb = if 0 < w then x.msb else b := by
-  simp only [BitVec.msb, getMsbD_eq_getLsbD, Nat.zero_lt_succ, decide_true, Nat.add_one_sub_one,
-    Nat.sub_zero, Bool.true_and]
-  by_cases h₀ : 0 < w
-  · simp only [Nat.lt_add_one, getLsbD_eq_getElem, getElem_concat, h₀, ↓reduceIte, decide_true,
-      Bool.true_and, ite_eq_right_iff]
-    intro
-    omega
-  · simp [h₀, show w = 0 by omega]
-
 /-! ### add -/
 
 theorem add_def {n} (x y : BitVec n) : x + y = .ofNat n (x.toNat + y.toNat) := rfl
@@ -3073,8 +3181,8 @@ theorem setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_of_getLsbD_false
   {x : BitVec w} {i : Nat} (hx : x.getLsbD i = false) :
     setWidth w (x.setWidth (i + 1)) =
       setWidth w (x.setWidth i) := by
-  ext k
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
+  ext k h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
   by_cases hik : i = k
   · subst hik
     simp [hx]
@@ -3089,20 +3197,17 @@ theorem setWidth_setWidth_succ_eq_setWidth_setWidth_or_twoPow_of_getLsbD_true
     {x : BitVec w} {i : Nat} (hx : x.getLsbD i = true) :
     setWidth w (x.setWidth (i + 1)) =
       setWidth w (x.setWidth i) ||| (twoPow w i) := by
-  ext k
-  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
+  ext k h
+  simp only [getLsbD_setWidth, h, decide_true, Bool.true_and, getLsbD_or, getLsbD_and]
   by_cases hik : i = k
   · subst hik
-    simp [hx]
+    simp [hx, h]
   · by_cases hik' : k < i + 1 <;> simp [hik, hik'] <;> omega
 
 /-- Bitwise and of `(x : BitVec w)` with `1#w` equals zero extending `x.lsb` to `w`. -/
 theorem and_one_eq_setWidth_ofBool_getLsbD {x : BitVec w} :
     (x &&& 1#w) = setWidth w (ofBool (x.getLsbD 0)) := by
-  ext i
-  simp only [getLsbD_and, getLsbD_one, getLsbD_setWidth, Fin.is_lt, decide_true, getLsbD_ofBool,
-    Bool.true_and]
-  by_cases h : ((i : Nat) = 0) <;> simp [h] <;> omega
+  ext (_ | i) h <;> simp [Bool.and_comm]
 
 @[simp]
 theorem replicate_zero_eq {x : BitVec w} : x.replicate 0 = 0#0 := by
@@ -3126,7 +3231,7 @@ theorem getLsbD_replicate {n w : Nat} (x : BitVec w) :
     · simp only [hi, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
       by_cases hi' : i < w * n
       · simp [hi', ih]
-      · simp only [hi', decide_false, cond_false]
+      · simp [hi', decide_false]
         rw [Nat.sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le] <;> omega
     · rw [Nat.mul_succ] at hi ⊢
       simp only [show ¬i < w * n by omega, decide_false, cond_false, hi, Bool.false_and]
@@ -3432,7 +3537,7 @@ theorem forall_zero_iff {P : BitVec 0 → Prop} :
   · intro h
     apply h
   · intro h v
-    obtain (rfl : v = 0#0) := (by ext ⟨i, h⟩; simp at h)
+    obtain (rfl : v = 0#0) := (by ext i ⟨⟩)
     apply h
 
 theorem forall_cons_iff {P : BitVec (n + 1) → Prop} :
@@ -3448,7 +3553,7 @@ theorem forall_cons_iff {P : BitVec (n + 1) → Prop} :
 instance instDecidableForallBitVecZero (P : BitVec 0 → Prop) :
     ∀ [Decidable (P 0#0)], Decidable (∀ v, P v)
   | .isTrue h => .isTrue fun v => by
-    obtain (rfl : v = 0#0) := (by ext ⟨i, h⟩; cases h)
+    obtain (rfl : v = 0#0) := (by ext i ⟨⟩)
     exact h
   | .isFalse h => .isFalse (fun w => h (w _))
 
@@ -3493,6 +3598,9 @@ instance instDecidableExistsBitVec :
 
 set_option linter.missingDocs false
 
+@[deprecated signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false (since := "2024-12-08")]
+abbrev signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_false := @signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false
+
 @[deprecated truncate_eq_setWidth (since := "2024-09-18")]
 abbrev truncate_eq_zeroExtend := @truncate_eq_setWidth
 
@@ -3595,8 +3703,8 @@ abbrev truncate_xor := @setWidth_xor
 @[deprecated setWidth_not (since := "2024-09-18")]
 abbrev truncate_not := @setWidth_not
 
-@[deprecated signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_false  (since := "2024-09-18")]
-abbrev signExtend_eq_not_zeroExtend_not_of_msb_false  := @signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_false
+@[deprecated signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false  (since := "2024-09-18")]
+abbrev signExtend_eq_not_zeroExtend_not_of_msb_false  := @signExtend_eq_setWidth_of_msb_false
 
 @[deprecated signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_true (since := "2024-09-18")]
 abbrev signExtend_eq_not_zeroExtend_not_of_msb_true := @signExtend_eq_not_setWidth_not_of_msb_true

src/Init/Data/Bool.lean

@@ -384,6 +384,15 @@ theorem toNat_lt (b : Bool) : b.toNat < 2 :=
 @[simp] theorem toNat_eq_one  {b : Bool} : b.toNat = 1 ↔ b = true := by
   cases b <;> simp
 
+/-! ## toInt -/
+
+/-- convert a `Bool` to an `Int`, `false -> 0`, `true -> 1` -/
+def toInt (b : Bool) : Int := cond b 1 0
+
+@[simp] theorem toInt_false : false.toInt = 0 := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem toInt_true : true.toInt = 1 := rfl
+
 /-! ### ite -/
 
 @[simp] theorem if_true_left  (p : Prop) [h : Decidable p] (f : Bool) :

src/Init/Data/Channel.lean

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import Init.Data.Queue
 import Init.System.Promise
 import Init.System.Mutex
 
+set_option linter.deprecated false
+
 namespace IO
 
 /--
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ Internal state of an `Channel`.
 
 We maintain the invariant that at all times either `consumers` or `values` is empty.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.State from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 structure Channel.State (α : Type) where
   values : Std.Queue α := ∅
   consumers : Std.Queue (Promise (Option α)) := ∅
@@ -27,12 +30,14 @@ FIFO channel with unbounded buffer, where `recv?` returns a `Task`.
 A channel can be closed.  Once it is closed, all `send`s are ignored, and
 `recv?` returns `none` once the queue is empty.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel (α : Type) : Type := Mutex (Channel.State α)
 
 instance : Nonempty (Channel α) :=
   inferInstanceAs (Nonempty (Mutex _))
 
 /-- Creates a new `Channel`. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.new from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.new : BaseIO (Channel α) :=
   Mutex.new {}
 
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ Sends a message on an `Channel`.
 
 This function does not block.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.send from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.send (ch : Channel α) (v : α) : BaseIO Unit :=
   ch.atomically do
     let st ← get
@@ -54,6 +60,7 @@ def Channel.send (ch : Channel α) (v : α) : BaseIO Unit :=
 /--
 Closes an `Channel`.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.close from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.close (ch : Channel α) : BaseIO Unit :=
   ch.atomically do
     let st ← get
@@ -67,6 +74,7 @@ Every message is only received once.
 
 Returns `none` if the channel is closed and the queue is empty.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.recv? from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.recv? (ch : Channel α) : BaseIO (Task (Option α)) :=
   ch.atomically do
     let st ← get
@@ -85,6 +93,7 @@ def Channel.recv? (ch : Channel α) : BaseIO (Task (Option α)) :=
 
 Note that if this function is called twice, each `forAsync` only gets half the messages.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.forAsync from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 partial def Channel.forAsync (f : α → BaseIO Unit) (ch : Channel α)
     (prio : Task.Priority := .default) : BaseIO (Task Unit) := do
   BaseIO.bindTask (prio := prio) (← ch.recv?) fun
@@ -96,11 +105,13 @@ Receives all currently queued messages from the channel.
 
 Those messages are dequeued and will not be returned by `recv?`.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.recvAllCurrent from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.recvAllCurrent (ch : Channel α) : BaseIO (Array α) :=
   ch.atomically do
     modifyGet fun st => (st.values.toArray, { st with values := ∅ })
 
 /-- Type tag for synchronous (blocking) operations on a `Channel`. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.Sync from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.Sync := Channel
 
 /--
@@ -110,6 +121,7 @@ For example, `ch.sync.recv?` blocks until the next message,
 and `for msg in ch.sync do ...` iterates synchronously over the channel.
 These functions should only be used in dedicated threads.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.sync from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.sync (ch : Channel α) : Channel.Sync α := ch
 
 /--
@@ -118,9 +130,11 @@ Synchronously receives a message from the channel.
 Every message is only received once.
 Returns `none` if the channel is closed and the queue is empty.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.Sync.recv? from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Channel.Sync.recv? (ch : Channel.Sync α) : BaseIO (Option α) := do
   IO.wait (← Channel.recv? ch)
 
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Channel.Sync.forIn from Std.Sync.Channel instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 private partial def Channel.Sync.forIn [Monad m] [MonadLiftT BaseIO m]
     (ch : Channel.Sync α) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) : β → m β := fun b => do
   match ← ch.recv? with

src/Init/Data/Fin/Basic.lean

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ protected theorem pos (i : Fin n) : 0 < n :=
 @[inline] def castLE (h : n ≤ m) (i : Fin n) : Fin m := ⟨i, Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le i.2 h⟩
 
 /-- `cast eq i` embeds `i` into an equal `Fin` type. -/
-@[inline] def cast (eq : n = m) (i : Fin n) : Fin m := ⟨i, eq ▸ i.2⟩
+@[inline] protected def cast (eq : n = m) (i : Fin n) : Fin m := ⟨i, eq ▸ i.2⟩
 
 /-- `castAdd m i` embeds `i : Fin n` in `Fin (n+m)`. See also `Fin.natAdd` and `Fin.addNat`. -/
 @[inline] def castAdd (m) : Fin n → Fin (n + m) :=

src/Init/Data/Fin/Fold.lean

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ namespace Fin
 /-- Folds over `Fin n` from the left: `foldl 3 f x = f (f (f x 0) 1) 2`. -/
 @[inline] def foldl (n) (f : α → Fin n → α) (init : α) : α := loop init 0 where
   /-- Inner loop for `Fin.foldl`. `Fin.foldl.loop n f x i = f (f (f x i) ...) (n-1)`  -/
-  @[semireducible] loop (x : α) (i : Nat) : α :=
+  @[semireducible, specialize] loop (x : α) (i : Nat) : α :=
     if h : i < n then loop (f x ⟨i, h⟩) (i+1) else x
   termination_by n - i
 
 /-- Folds over `Fin n` from the right: `foldr 3 f x = f 0 (f 1 (f 2 x))`. -/
 @[inline] def foldr (n) (f : Fin n → α → α) (init : α) : α := loop n (Nat.le_refl n) init where
   /-- Inner loop for `Fin.foldr`. `Fin.foldr.loop n f i x = f 0 (f ... (f (i-1) x))`  -/
-  loop : (i : _) → i ≤ n → α → α
+  @[specialize] loop : (i : _) → i ≤ n → α → α
   | 0, _, x => x
   | i+1, h, x => loop i (Nat.le_of_lt h) (f ⟨i, h⟩ x)
   termination_by structural i => i
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Fin.foldlM n f x₀ = do
     pure xₙ
   ```
   -/
-  loop (x : α) (i : Nat) : m α := do
+  @[semireducible, specialize] loop (x : α) (i : Nat) : m α := do
     if h : i < n then f x ⟨i, h⟩ >>= (loop · (i+1)) else pure x
   termination_by n - i
   decreasing_by decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Fin.foldrM n f xₙ = do
     pure x₀
   ```
   -/
-  loop : {i // i ≤ n} → α → m α
+  @[semireducible, specialize] loop : {i // i ≤ n} → α → m α
   | ⟨0, _⟩, x => pure x
   | ⟨i+1, h⟩, x => f ⟨i, h⟩ x >>= loop ⟨i, Nat.le_of_lt h⟩
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ theorem foldrM_loop [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : Fin (n+1) → α → m α) (x
   | zero =>
     rw [foldrM_loop_zero, foldrM_loop_succ, pure_bind]
     conv => rhs; rw [←bind_pure (f 0 x)]
-    congr; funext; exact foldrM_loop_zero ..
+    congr; funext
   | succ i ih =>
     rw [foldrM_loop_succ, foldrM_loop_succ, bind_assoc]
     congr; funext; exact ih ..

src/Init/Data/Fin/Lemmas.lean

@@ -370,25 +370,25 @@ theorem succ_succ_ne_one (a : Fin n) : Fin.succ (Fin.succ a) ≠ 1 :=
     Fin.castLE mn ∘ Fin.castLE km = Fin.castLE (Nat.le_trans km mn) :=
   funext (castLE_castLE km mn)
 
-@[simp] theorem coe_cast (h : n = m) (i : Fin n) : (cast h i : Nat) = i := rfl
+@[simp] theorem coe_cast (h : n = m) (i : Fin n) : (i.cast h : Nat) = i := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem cast_last {n' : Nat} {h : n + 1 = n' + 1} : cast h (last n) = last n' :=
+@[simp] theorem cast_last {n' : Nat} {h : n + 1 = n' + 1} : (last n).cast h  = last n' :=
   Fin.ext (by rw [coe_cast, val_last, val_last, Nat.succ.inj h])
 
-@[simp] theorem cast_mk (h : n = m) (i : Nat) (hn : i < n) : cast h ⟨i, hn⟩ = ⟨i, h ▸ hn⟩ := rfl
+@[simp] theorem cast_mk (h : n = m) (i : Nat) (hn : i < n) : Fin.cast h ⟨i, hn⟩ = ⟨i, h ▸ hn⟩ := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem cast_refl (n : Nat) (h : n = n) : cast h = id := by
+@[simp] theorem cast_refl (n : Nat) (h : n = n) : Fin.cast h = id := by
   ext
   simp
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_trans {k : Nat} (h : n = m) (h' : m = k) {i : Fin n} :
-    cast h' (cast h i) = cast (Eq.trans h h') i := rfl
+    (i.cast h).cast h' = i.cast (Eq.trans h h') := rfl
 
 theorem castLE_of_eq {m n : Nat} (h : m = n) {h' : m ≤ n} : castLE h' = Fin.cast h := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem coe_castAdd (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : (castAdd m i : Nat) = i := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem castAdd_zero : (castAdd 0 : Fin n → Fin (n + 0)) = cast rfl := rfl
+@[simp] theorem castAdd_zero : (castAdd 0 : Fin n → Fin (n + 0)) = Fin.cast rfl := rfl
 
 theorem castAdd_lt {m : Nat} (n : Nat) (i : Fin m) : (castAdd n i : Nat) < m := by simp
 
@@ -406,37 +406,37 @@ theorem castAdd_cast {n n' : Nat} (m : Nat) (i : Fin n') (h : n' = n) :
     castAdd m (Fin.cast h i) = Fin.cast (congrArg (. + m) h) (castAdd m i) := Fin.ext rfl
 
 theorem cast_castAdd_left {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : n' + m = n + m) :
-    cast h (castAdd m i) = castAdd m (cast (Nat.add_right_cancel h) i) := rfl
+    (i.castAdd m).cast h = (i.cast (Nat.add_right_cancel h)).castAdd m := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_castAdd_right {n m m' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : n + m' = n + m) :
-    cast h (castAdd m' i) = castAdd m i := rfl
+    (i.castAdd m').cast h = i.castAdd m := rfl
 
 theorem castAdd_castAdd {m n p : Nat} (i : Fin m) :
-    castAdd p (castAdd n i) = cast (Nat.add_assoc ..).symm (castAdd (n + p) i) := rfl
+    (i.castAdd n).castAdd p = (i.castAdd (n + p)).cast (Nat.add_assoc ..).symm  := rfl
 
 /-- The cast of the successor is the successor of the cast. See `Fin.succ_cast_eq` for rewriting in
 the reverse direction. -/
 @[simp] theorem cast_succ_eq {n' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : n.succ = n'.succ) :
-    cast h i.succ = (cast (Nat.succ.inj h) i).succ := rfl
+    i.succ.cast h = (i.cast (Nat.succ.inj h)).succ := rfl
 
 theorem succ_cast_eq {n' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : n = n') :
-    (cast h i).succ = cast (by rw [h]) i.succ := rfl
+    (i.cast h).succ = i.succ.cast (by rw [h]) := rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem coe_castSucc (i : Fin n) : (Fin.castSucc i : Nat) = i := rfl
+@[simp] theorem coe_castSucc (i : Fin n) : (i.castSucc : Nat) = i := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_mk (n i : Nat) (h : i < n) : castSucc ⟨i, h⟩ = ⟨i, Nat.lt.step h⟩ := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_castSucc {n' : Nat} {h : n + 1 = n' + 1} {i : Fin n} :
-    cast h (castSucc i) = castSucc (cast (Nat.succ.inj h) i) := rfl
+    i.castSucc.cast h = (i.cast (Nat.succ.inj h)).castSucc := rfl
 
-theorem castSucc_lt_succ (i : Fin n) : Fin.castSucc i < i.succ :=
+theorem castSucc_lt_succ (i : Fin n) : i.castSucc < i.succ :=
   lt_def.2 <| by simp only [coe_castSucc, val_succ, Nat.lt_succ_self]
 
-theorem le_castSucc_iff {i : Fin (n + 1)} {j : Fin n} : i ≤ Fin.castSucc j ↔ i < j.succ := by
+theorem le_castSucc_iff {i : Fin (n + 1)} {j : Fin n} : i ≤ j.castSucc ↔ i < j.succ := by
   simpa only [lt_def, le_def] using Nat.add_one_le_add_one_iff.symm
 
 theorem castSucc_lt_iff_succ_le {n : Nat} {i : Fin n} {j : Fin (n + 1)} :
-    Fin.castSucc i < j ↔ i.succ ≤ j := .rfl
+    i.castSucc < j ↔ i.succ ≤ j := .rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem succ_last (n : Nat) : (last n).succ = last n.succ := rfl
 
@@ -444,48 +444,48 @@ theorem castSucc_lt_iff_succ_le {n : Nat} {i : Fin n} {j : Fin (n + 1)} :
     i.succ = last (n + 1) ↔ i = last n := by rw [← succ_last, succ_inj]
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_castLT (i : Fin (n + 1)) (h : (i : Nat) < n) :
-    castSucc (castLT i h) = i := rfl
+    (castLT i h).castSucc = i := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem castLT_castSucc {n : Nat} (a : Fin n) (h : (a : Nat) < n) :
-    castLT (castSucc a) h = a := rfl
+    castLT a.castSucc h = a := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_lt_castSucc_iff {a b : Fin n} :
-    Fin.castSucc a < Fin.castSucc b ↔ a < b := .rfl
+    a.castSucc < b.castSucc ↔ a < b := .rfl
 
-theorem castSucc_inj {a b : Fin n} : castSucc a = castSucc b ↔ a = b := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
+theorem castSucc_inj {a b : Fin n} : a.castSucc = b.castSucc ↔ a = b := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
 
-theorem castSucc_lt_last (a : Fin n) : castSucc a < last n := a.is_lt
+theorem castSucc_lt_last (a : Fin n) : a.castSucc < last n := a.is_lt
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_zero : castSucc (0 : Fin (n + 1)) = 0 := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem castSucc_one {n : Nat} : castSucc (1 : Fin (n + 2)) = 1 := rfl
 
 /-- `castSucc i` is positive when `i` is positive -/
-theorem castSucc_pos {i : Fin (n + 1)} (h : 0 < i) : 0 < castSucc i := by
+theorem castSucc_pos {i : Fin (n + 1)} (h : 0 < i) : 0 < i.castSucc := by
   simpa [lt_def] using h
 
-@[simp] theorem castSucc_eq_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : castSucc a = 0 ↔ a = 0 := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
+@[simp] theorem castSucc_eq_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : a.castSucc = 0 ↔ a = 0 := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
 
-theorem castSucc_ne_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : castSucc a ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 :=
+theorem castSucc_ne_zero_iff {a : Fin (n + 1)} : a.castSucc ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 :=
   not_congr <| castSucc_eq_zero_iff
 
 theorem castSucc_fin_succ (n : Nat) (j : Fin n) :
-    castSucc (Fin.succ j) = Fin.succ (castSucc j) := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
+    j.succ.castSucc = (j.castSucc).succ := by simp [Fin.ext_iff]
 
 @[simp]
-theorem coeSucc_eq_succ {a : Fin n} : castSucc a + 1 = a.succ := by
+theorem coeSucc_eq_succ {a : Fin n} : a.castSucc + 1 = a.succ := by
   cases n
   · exact a.elim0
   · simp [Fin.ext_iff, add_def, Nat.mod_eq_of_lt (Nat.succ_lt_succ a.is_lt)]
 
-theorem lt_succ {a : Fin n} : castSucc a < a.succ := by
+theorem lt_succ {a : Fin n} : a.castSucc < a.succ := by
   rw [castSucc, lt_def, coe_castAdd, val_succ]; exact Nat.lt_succ_self a.val
 
 theorem exists_castSucc_eq {n : Nat} {i : Fin (n + 1)} : (∃ j, castSucc j = i) ↔ i ≠ last n :=
   ⟨fun ⟨j, hj⟩ => hj ▸ Fin.ne_of_lt j.castSucc_lt_last,
    fun hi => ⟨i.castLT <| Fin.val_lt_last hi, rfl⟩⟩
 
-theorem succ_castSucc {n : Nat} (i : Fin n) : i.castSucc.succ = castSucc i.succ := rfl
+theorem succ_castSucc {n : Nat} (i : Fin n) : i.castSucc.succ = i.succ.castSucc := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem coe_addNat (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : (addNat i m : Nat) = i + m := rfl
 
@@ -502,17 +502,17 @@ theorem le_coe_addNat (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : m ≤ addNat i m :=
     addNat ⟨i, hi⟩ n = ⟨i + n, Nat.add_lt_add_right hi n⟩ := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_addNat_zero {n n' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : n + 0 = n') :
-    cast h (addNat i 0) = cast ((Nat.add_zero _).symm.trans h) i := rfl
+    (addNat i 0).cast h = i.cast ((Nat.add_zero _).symm.trans h) := rfl
 
 /-- For rewriting in the reverse direction, see `Fin.cast_addNat_left`. -/
 theorem addNat_cast {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : n' = n) :
-    addNat (cast h i) m = cast (congrArg (. + m) h) (addNat i m) := rfl
+    addNat (i.cast h) m = (addNat i m).cast (congrArg (. + m) h) := rfl
 
 theorem cast_addNat_left {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : n' + m = n + m) :
-    cast h (addNat i m) = addNat (cast (Nat.add_right_cancel h) i) m := rfl
+    (addNat i m).cast h = addNat (i.cast (Nat.add_right_cancel h)) m := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_addNat_right {n m m' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : n + m' = n + m) :
-    cast h (addNat i m') = addNat i m :=
+    (addNat i m').cast h = addNat i m :=
   Fin.ext <| (congrArg ((· + ·) (i : Nat)) (Nat.add_left_cancel h) : _)
 
 @[simp] theorem coe_natAdd (n : Nat) {m : Nat} (i : Fin m) : (natAdd n i : Nat) = n + i := rfl
@@ -522,46 +522,46 @@ theorem cast_addNat_left {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : n' + m = n + m) :
 
 theorem le_coe_natAdd (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) : m ≤ natAdd m i := Nat.le_add_right ..
 
-@[simp] theorem natAdd_zero {n : Nat} : natAdd 0 = cast (Nat.zero_add n).symm := by ext; simp
+@[simp] theorem natAdd_zero {n : Nat} : natAdd 0 = Fin.cast (Nat.zero_add n).symm := by ext; simp
 
 /-- For rewriting in the reverse direction, see `Fin.cast_natAdd_right`. -/
 theorem natAdd_cast {n n' : Nat} (m : Nat) (i : Fin n') (h : n' = n) :
-    natAdd m (cast h i) = cast (congrArg _ h) (natAdd m i) := rfl
+    natAdd m (i.cast h) = (natAdd m i).cast (congrArg _ h) := rfl
 
 theorem cast_natAdd_right {n n' m : Nat} (i : Fin n') (h : m + n' = m + n) :
-    cast h (natAdd m i) = natAdd m (cast (Nat.add_left_cancel h) i) := rfl
+    (natAdd m i).cast h  = natAdd m (i.cast (Nat.add_left_cancel h)) := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem cast_natAdd_left {n m m' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : m' + n = m + n) :
-    cast h (natAdd m' i) = natAdd m i :=
+    (natAdd m' i).cast h = natAdd m i :=
   Fin.ext <| (congrArg (· + (i : Nat)) (Nat.add_right_cancel h) : _)
 
 theorem castAdd_natAdd (p m : Nat) {n : Nat} (i : Fin n) :
-    castAdd p (natAdd m i) = cast (Nat.add_assoc ..).symm (natAdd m (castAdd p i)) := rfl
+    castAdd p (natAdd m i) = (natAdd m (castAdd p i)).cast (Nat.add_assoc ..).symm := rfl
 
 theorem natAdd_castAdd (p m : Nat) {n : Nat} (i : Fin n) :
-    natAdd m (castAdd p i) = cast (Nat.add_assoc ..) (castAdd p (natAdd m i)) := rfl
+    natAdd m (castAdd p i) = (castAdd p (natAdd m i)).cast (Nat.add_assoc ..) := rfl
 
 theorem natAdd_natAdd (m n : Nat) {p : Nat} (i : Fin p) :
-    natAdd m (natAdd n i) = cast (Nat.add_assoc ..) (natAdd (m + n) i) :=
+    natAdd m (natAdd n i) = (natAdd (m + n) i).cast (Nat.add_assoc ..) :=
   Fin.ext <| (Nat.add_assoc ..).symm
 
 @[simp]
 theorem cast_natAdd_zero {n n' : Nat} (i : Fin n) (h : 0 + n = n') :
-    cast h (natAdd 0 i) = cast ((Nat.zero_add _).symm.trans h) i :=
+    (natAdd 0 i).cast h = i.cast ((Nat.zero_add _).symm.trans h) :=
   Fin.ext <| Nat.zero_add _
 
 @[simp]
 theorem cast_natAdd (n : Nat) {m : Nat} (i : Fin m) :
-    cast (Nat.add_comm ..) (natAdd n i) = addNat i n := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_comm ..
+    (natAdd n i).cast (Nat.add_comm ..) = addNat i n := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_comm ..
 
 @[simp]
 theorem cast_addNat {n : Nat} (m : Nat) (i : Fin n) :
-    cast (Nat.add_comm ..) (addNat i m) = natAdd m i := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_comm ..
+    (addNat i m).cast (Nat.add_comm ..) = natAdd m i := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_comm ..
 
 @[simp] theorem natAdd_last {m n : Nat} : natAdd n (last m) = last (n + m) := rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem addNat_last (n : Nat) :
-    addNat (last n) m = cast (by omega) (last (n + m)) := by
+    addNat (last n) m = (last (n + m)).cast (by omega) := by
   ext
   simp
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ theorem pred_add_one (i : Fin (n + 2)) (h : (i : Nat) < n + 1) :
     subNat m (addNat i m) h = i := Fin.ext <| Nat.add_sub_cancel i m
 
 @[simp] theorem natAdd_subNat_cast {i : Fin (n + m)} (h : n ≤ i) :
-    natAdd n (subNat n (cast (Nat.add_comm ..) i) h) = i := by simp [← cast_addNat]
+    natAdd n (subNat n (i.cast (Nat.add_comm ..)) h) = i := by simp [← cast_addNat]
 
 /-! ### recursion and induction principles -/
 

src/Init/Data/Float32.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2023 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Leonardo de Moura
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Core
+import Init.Data.Int.Basic
+import Init.Data.ToString.Basic
+import Init.Data.Float
+
+/-
+#exit -- TODO: Remove after update stage0
+
+-- Just show FloatSpec is inhabited.
+opaque float32Spec : FloatSpec := {
+  float := Unit,
+  val   := (),
+  lt    := fun _ _ => True,
+  le    := fun _ _ => True,
+  decLt := fun _ _ => inferInstanceAs (Decidable True),
+  decLe := fun _ _ => inferInstanceAs (Decidable True)
+}
+
+/-- Native floating point type, corresponding to the IEEE 754 *binary32* format
+(`float` in C or `f32` in Rust). -/
+structure Float32 where
+  val : float32Spec.float
+
+instance : Nonempty Float32 := ⟨{ val := float32Spec.val }⟩
+
+@[extern "lean_float32_add"] opaque Float32.add : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "lean_float32_sub"] opaque Float32.sub : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "lean_float32_mul"] opaque Float32.mul : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "lean_float32_div"] opaque Float32.div : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "lean_float32_negate"] opaque Float32.neg : Float32 → Float32
+
+set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false
+def Float32.lt : Float32 → Float32 → Prop := fun a b =>
+  match a, b with
+  | ⟨a⟩, ⟨b⟩ => float32Spec.lt a b
+
+def Float32.le : Float32 → Float32 → Prop := fun a b =>
+  float32Spec.le a.val b.val
+
+/--
+Raw transmutation from `UInt32`.
+
+Float32s and UInts have the same endianness on all supported platforms.
+IEEE 754 very precisely specifies the bit layout of floats.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_of_bits"] opaque Float32.ofBits : UInt32 → Float32
+
+/--
+Raw transmutation to `UInt32`.
+
+Float32s and UInts have the same endianness on all supported platforms.
+IEEE 754 very precisely specifies the bit layout of floats.
+
+Note that this function is distinct from `Float32.toUInt32`, which attempts
+to preserve the numeric value, and not the bitwise value.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_bits"] opaque Float32.toBits : Float32 → UInt32
+
+instance : Add Float32 := ⟨Float32.add⟩
+instance : Sub Float32 := ⟨Float32.sub⟩
+instance : Mul Float32 := ⟨Float32.mul⟩
+instance : Div Float32 := ⟨Float32.div⟩
+instance : Neg Float32 := ⟨Float32.neg⟩
+instance : LT Float32  := ⟨Float32.lt⟩
+instance : LE Float32  := ⟨Float32.le⟩
+
+/-- Note: this is not reflexive since `NaN != NaN`.-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_beq"] opaque Float32.beq (a b : Float32) : Bool
+
+instance : BEq Float32 := ⟨Float32.beq⟩
+
+@[extern "lean_float32_decLt"] opaque Float32.decLt (a b : Float32) : Decidable (a < b) :=
+  match a, b with
+  | ⟨a⟩, ⟨b⟩ => float32Spec.decLt a b
+
+@[extern "lean_float32_decLe"] opaque Float32.decLe (a b : Float32) : Decidable (a ≤ b) :=
+  match a, b with
+  | ⟨a⟩, ⟨b⟩ => float32Spec.decLe a b
+
+instance float32DecLt (a b : Float32) : Decidable (a < b) := Float32.decLt a b
+instance float32DecLe (a b : Float32) : Decidable (a ≤ b) := Float32.decLe a b
+
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_string"] opaque Float32.toString : Float32 → String
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt8` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt8`
+(i.e. `UInt8.size - 1`).
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_uint8"] opaque Float32.toUInt8 : Float32 → UInt8
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt16` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt16`
+(i.e. `UInt16.size - 1`).
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_uint16"] opaque Float32.toUInt16 : Float32 → UInt16
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt32` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt32`
+(i.e. `UInt32.size - 1`).
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_uint32"] opaque Float32.toUInt32 : Float32 → UInt32
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `UInt64` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `UInt64`
+(i.e. `UInt64.size - 1`).
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_uint64"] opaque Float32.toUInt64 : Float32 → UInt64
+/-- If the given float is non-negative, truncates the value to the nearest non-negative integer.
+If negative or NaN, returns `0`.
+If larger than the maximum value for `USize` (including Inf), returns the maximum value of `USize`
+(i.e. `USize.size - 1`). This value is platform dependent).
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_to_usize"] opaque Float32.toUSize : Float32 → USize
+
+@[extern "lean_float32_isnan"] opaque Float32.isNaN : Float32 → Bool
+@[extern "lean_float32_isfinite"] opaque Float32.isFinite : Float32 → Bool
+@[extern "lean_float32_isinf"] opaque Float32.isInf : Float32 → Bool
+/-- Splits the given float `x` into a significand/exponent pair `(s, i)`
+such that `x = s * 2^i` where `s ∈ (-1;-0.5] ∪ [0.5; 1)`.
+Returns an undefined value if `x` is not finite.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_frexp"] opaque Float32.frExp : Float32 → Float32 × Int
+
+instance : ToString Float32 where
+  toString := Float32.toString
+
+@[extern "lean_uint64_to_float"] opaque UInt64.toFloat32 (n : UInt64) : Float32
+
+instance : Inhabited Float32 where
+  default := UInt64.toFloat32 0
+
+instance : Repr Float32 where
+  reprPrec n prec := if n < UInt64.toFloat32 0 then Repr.addAppParen (toString n) prec else toString n
+
+instance : ReprAtom Float32  := ⟨⟩
+
+@[extern "sinf"] opaque Float32.sin : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "cosf"] opaque Float32.cos : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "tanf"] opaque Float32.tan : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "asinf"] opaque Float32.asin : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "acosf"] opaque Float32.acos : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "atanf"] opaque Float32.atan : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "atan2f"] opaque Float32.atan2 : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "sinhf"] opaque Float32.sinh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "coshf"] opaque Float32.cosh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "tanhf"] opaque Float32.tanh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "asinhf"] opaque Float32.asinh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "acoshf"] opaque Float32.acosh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "atanhf"] opaque Float32.atanh : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "expf"] opaque Float32.exp : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "exp2f"] opaque Float32.exp2 : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "logf"] opaque Float32.log : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "log2f"] opaque Float32.log2 : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "log10f"] opaque Float32.log10 : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "powf"] opaque Float32.pow : Float32 → Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "sqrtf"] opaque Float32.sqrt : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "cbrtf"] opaque Float32.cbrt : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "ceilf"] opaque Float32.ceil : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "floorf"] opaque Float32.floor : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "roundf"] opaque Float32.round : Float32 → Float32
+@[extern "fabsf"] opaque Float32.abs : Float32 → Float32
+
+instance : HomogeneousPow Float32 := ⟨Float32.pow⟩
+
+instance : Min Float32 := minOfLe
+
+instance : Max Float32 := maxOfLe
+
+/--
+Efficiently computes `x * 2^i`.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_float32_scaleb"]
+opaque Float32.scaleB (x : Float32) (i : @& Int) : Float32
+-/

src/Init/Data/Int/Bitwise/Lemmas.lean

@@ -34,4 +34,8 @@ theorem shiftRight_eq_div_pow (m : Int) (n : Nat) :
 theorem zero_shiftRight (n : Nat) : (0 : Int) >>> n = 0 := by
   simp [Int.shiftRight_eq_div_pow]
 
+@[simp]
+theorem shiftRight_zero (n : Int) : n >>> 0 = n := by
+  simp [Int.shiftRight_eq_div_pow]
+
 end Int

src/Init/Data/Int/DivMod.lean

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ At that time, we did not rename `div` and `mod` to `tdiv` and `tmod` (along with
 In September 2024, we decided to do this rename (with deprecations in place),
 and later we intend to rename `ediv` and `emod` to `div` and `mod`, as nearly all users will only
 ever need to use these functions and their associated lemmas.
+
+In December 2024, we removed `tdiv` and `tmod`, but have not yet renamed `ediv` and `emod`.
 -/
 
 /-! ### T-rounding division -/
@@ -71,8 +73,6 @@ def tdiv : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
   | -[m +1], ofNat n => -ofNat (succ m / n)
   | -[m +1], -[n +1] =>  ofNat (succ m / succ n)
 
-@[deprecated tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div := tdiv
-
 /-- Integer modulo. This function uses the
   [*"T-rounding"*][t-rounding] (**T**runcation-rounding) convention
   to pair with `Int.tdiv`, meaning that `tmod a b + b * (tdiv a b) = a`
@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@ def tmod : (@& Int) → (@& Int) → Int
   | -[m +1], ofNat n => -ofNat (succ m % n)
   | -[m +1], -[n +1] => -ofNat (succ m % succ n)
 
-@[deprecated tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod := tmod
-
 /-! ### F-rounding division
 This pair satisfies `fdiv x y = floor (x / y)`.
 -/
@@ -251,8 +249,6 @@ instance : Mod Int where
 
 theorem ofNat_tdiv (m n : Nat) : ↑(m / n) = tdiv ↑m ↑n := rfl
 
-@[deprecated ofNat_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev ofNat_div := ofNat_tdiv
-
 theorem ofNat_fdiv : ∀ m n : Nat, ↑(m / n) = fdiv ↑m ↑n
   | 0, _ => by simp [fdiv]
   | succ _, _ => rfl

src/Init/Data/Int/DivModLemmas.lean

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ theorem eq_one_of_mul_eq_one_right {a b : Int} (H : 0 ≤ a) (H' : a * b = 1) :
   eq_one_of_dvd_one H ⟨b, H'.symm⟩
 
 theorem eq_one_of_mul_eq_one_left {a b : Int} (H : 0 ≤ b) (H' : a * b = 1) : b = 1 :=
-  eq_one_of_mul_eq_one_right H <| by rw [Int.mul_comm, H']
+  eq_one_of_mul_eq_one_right (b := a) H <| by rw [Int.mul_comm, H']
 
 /-! ### *div zero  -/
 
@@ -1315,65 +1315,3 @@ theorem bmod_natAbs_plus_one (x : Int) (w : 1 < x.natAbs) : bmod x (x.natAbs + 1
           all_goals decide
     · exact ofNat_nonneg x
     · exact succ_ofNat_pos (x + 1)
-
-/-! ### Deprecations -/
-
-@[deprecated Int.zero_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev zero_div := @Int.zero_tdiv
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_zero := @Int.tdiv_zero
-@[deprecated tdiv_eq_ediv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_ediv := @tdiv_eq_ediv
-@[deprecated fdiv_eq_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev fdiv_eq_div := @fdiv_eq_tdiv
-@[deprecated zero_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev zero_mod := @zero_tmod
-@[deprecated tmod_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_zero := @tmod_zero
-@[deprecated tmod_add_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_add_div := @tmod_add_tdiv
-@[deprecated tdiv_add_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_add_mod := @tdiv_add_tmod
-@[deprecated tmod_add_tdiv' (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_add_div' := @tmod_add_tdiv'
-@[deprecated tdiv_add_tmod' (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_add_mod' := @tdiv_add_tmod'
-@[deprecated tmod_def (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_def := @tmod_def
-@[deprecated tmod_eq_emod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_emod := @tmod_eq_emod
-@[deprecated fmod_eq_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev fmod_eq_mod := @fmod_eq_tmod
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_one (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_one := @Int.tdiv_one
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_neg := @Int.tdiv_neg
-@[deprecated Int.neg_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev neg_div := @Int.neg_tdiv
-@[deprecated Int.neg_tdiv_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev neg_div_neg := @Int.neg_tdiv_neg
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_nonneg (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_nonneg := @Int.tdiv_nonneg
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_nonpos (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_nonpos := @Int.tdiv_nonpos
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_zero_of_lt (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_zero_of_lt := @Int.tdiv_eq_zero_of_lt
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel_left := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_left
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_self (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_self := @Int.tdiv_self
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_div_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_mul_cancel_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.tdiv_mul_cancel_of_tmod_eq_zero
-@[deprecated Int.dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev dvd_of_mod_eq_zero := @Int.dvd_of_tmod_eq_zero
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_assoc (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_assoc := @Int.mul_tdiv_assoc
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_assoc' (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_assoc' := @Int.mul_tdiv_assoc'
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_dvd_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_dvd_div := @Int.tdiv_dvd_tdiv
-@[deprecated Int.natAbs_tdiv (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev natAbs_div := @Int.natAbs_tdiv
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_of_eq_mul_right := @Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_right
-@[deprecated Int.eq_tdiv_of_mul_eq_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_div_of_mul_eq_right := @Int.eq_tdiv_of_mul_eq_right
-@[deprecated Int.ofNat_tmod (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev ofNat_mod := @Int.ofNat_tmod
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_one (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_one := @Int.tmod_one
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_eq_of_lt (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_of_lt := @Int.tmod_eq_of_lt
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_lt_of_pos (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_lt_of_pos := @Int.tmod_lt_of_pos
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_nonneg (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_nonneg := @Int.tmod_nonneg
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_neg (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_neg := @Int.tmod_neg
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tmod_left (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_mod_left := @Int.mul_tmod_left
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tmod_right (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mul_mod_right := @Int.mul_tmod_right
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_eq_zero_of_dvd := @Int.tmod_eq_zero_of_dvd
-@[deprecated Int.dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev dvd_iff_mod_eq_zero := @Int.dvd_iff_tmod_eq_zero
-@[deprecated Int.neg_mul_tmod_right (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mul_mod_right := @Int.neg_mul_tmod_right
-@[deprecated Int.neg_mul_tmod_left (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mul_mod_left := @Int.neg_mul_tmod_left
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_mul_cancel (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_mul_cancel := @Int.tdiv_mul_cancel
-@[deprecated Int.mul_tdiv_cancel' (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev mul_div_cancel' := @Int.mul_tdiv_cancel'
-@[deprecated Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_mul_of_div_eq_right := @Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_right
-@[deprecated Int.tmod_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev mod_self := @Int.tmod_self
-@[deprecated Int.neg_tmod_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev neg_mod_self := @Int.neg_tmod_self
-@[deprecated Int.lt_tdiv_add_one_mul_self (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev lt_div_add_one_mul_self := @Int.lt_tdiv_add_one_mul_self
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_iff_eq_mul_right := @Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_right
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_iff_eq_mul_left := @Int.tdiv_eq_iff_eq_mul_left
-@[deprecated Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_mul_of_div_eq_left := @Int.eq_mul_of_tdiv_eq_left
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_eq_of_eq_mul_left := @Int.tdiv_eq_of_eq_mul_left
-@[deprecated Int.eq_zero_of_tdiv_eq_zero (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev eq_zero_of_div_eq_zero := @Int.eq_zero_of_tdiv_eq_zero
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_left_inj (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev div_left_inj := @Int.tdiv_left_inj
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_sign (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_sign := @Int.tdiv_sign
-@[deprecated Int.sign_eq_tdiv_abs (since := "2024-09-11")] protected abbrev sign_eq_div_abs := @Int.sign_eq_tdiv_abs
-@[deprecated Int.tdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd (since := "2024-09-11")] abbrev div_eq_ediv_of_dvd := @Int.tdiv_eq_ediv_of_dvd

src/Init/Data/List.lean

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import Init.Data.List.Zip
 import Init.Data.List.Perm
 import Init.Data.List.Sort
 import Init.Data.List.ToArray
+import Init.Data.List.ToArrayImpl
 import Init.Data.List.MapIdx
 import Init.Data.List.OfFn
 import Init.Data.List.FinRange

src/Init/Data/List/Basic.lean

@@ -666,10 +666,14 @@ def isEmpty : List α → Bool
 /-! ### elem -/
 
 /--
-`O(|l|)`. `elem a l` or `l.contains a` is true if there is an element in `l` equal to `a`.
+`O(|l|)`.
+`l.contains a` or `elem a l` is true if there is an element in `l` equal (according to `==`) to `a`.
 
-* `elem 3 [1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 7] = true`
-* `elem 5 [1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 7] = false`
+* `[1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 7].contains 3 = true`
+* `[1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 7].contains 5 = false`
+
+The preferred simp normal form is `l.contains a`, and when `LawfulBEq α` is available,
+`l.contains a = true ↔ a ∈ l` and `l.contains a = false ↔ a ∉ l`.
 -/
 def elem [BEq α] (a : α) : List α → Bool
   | []    => false

src/Init/Data/List/BasicAux.lean

@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ def mapMono (as : List α) (f : α → α) : List α :=
 
 /-! ## Additional lemmas required for bootstrapping `Array`. -/
 
-theorem getElem_append_left {as bs : List α} (h : i < as.length) {h'} : (as ++ bs)[i] = as[i] := by
+theorem getElem_append_left {as bs : List α} (h : i < as.length) {h' : i < (as ++ bs).length} :
+    (as ++ bs)[i] = as[i] := by
   induction as generalizing i with
   | nil => trivial
   | cons a as ih =>

src/Init/Data/List/Count.lean

@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ theorem countP_filterMap (p : β → Bool) (f : α → Option β) (l : List α)
 
 @[deprecated countP_flatten (since := "2024-10-14")] abbrev countP_join := @countP_flatten
 
+theorem countP_flatMap (p : β → Bool) (l : List α) (f : α → List β) :
+    countP p (l.flatMap f) = sum (map (countP p ∘ f) l) := by
+  rw [List.flatMap, countP_flatten, map_map]
+
 @[simp] theorem countP_reverse (l : List α) : countP p l.reverse = countP p l := by
   simp [countP_eq_length_filter, filter_reverse]
 
@@ -326,6 +330,9 @@ theorem count_filterMap {α} [BEq β] (b : β) (f : α → Option β) (l : List
   · simp
   · simp
 
+theorem count_flatMap {α} [BEq β] (l : List α) (f : α → List β) (x : β) :
+    count x (l.flatMap f) = sum (map (count x ∘ f) l) := countP_flatMap _ _ _
+
 theorem count_erase (a b : α) :
     ∀ l : List α, count a (l.erase b) = count a l - if b == a then 1 else 0
   | [] => by simp

src/Init/Data/List/Lemmas.lean

@@ -220,15 +220,6 @@ We simplify `l[n]!` to `(l[n]?).getD default`.
 
 /-! ### getElem? and getElem -/
 
-@[simp] theorem getElem?_eq_getElem {l : List α} {n} (h : n < l.length) : l[n]? = some l[n] := by
-  simp only [getElem?_def, h, ↓reduceDIte]
-
-theorem getElem?_eq_some_iff {l : List α} : l[n]? = some a ↔ ∃ h : n < l.length, l[n] = a := by
-  simp only [← get?_eq_getElem?, get?_eq_some_iff, get_eq_getElem]
-
-theorem some_eq_getElem?_iff {l : List α} : some a = l[n]? ↔ ∃ h : n < l.length, l[n] = a := by
-  rw [eq_comm, getElem?_eq_some_iff]
-
 @[simp] theorem getElem?_eq_none_iff : l[n]? = none ↔ length l ≤ n := by
   simp only [← get?_eq_getElem?, get?_eq_none_iff]
 
@@ -237,11 +228,20 @@ theorem some_eq_getElem?_iff {l : List α} : some a = l[n]? ↔ ∃ h : n < l.le
 
 theorem getElem?_eq_none (h : length l ≤ n) : l[n]? = none := getElem?_eq_none_iff.mpr h
 
-@[simp] theorem some_getElem_eq_getElem?_iff {α} (xs : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.length) :
+@[simp] theorem getElem?_eq_getElem {l : List α} {n} (h : n < l.length) : l[n]? = some l[n] :=
+  getElem?_pos ..
+
+theorem getElem?_eq_some_iff {l : List α} : l[n]? = some a ↔ ∃ h : n < l.length, l[n] = a := by
+  simp only [← get?_eq_getElem?, get?_eq_some_iff, get_eq_getElem]
+
+theorem some_eq_getElem?_iff {l : List α} : some a = l[n]? ↔ ∃ h : n < l.length, l[n] = a := by
+  rw [eq_comm, getElem?_eq_some_iff]
+
+@[simp] theorem some_getElem_eq_getElem?_iff (xs : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.length) :
     (some xs[i] = xs[i]?) ↔ True := by
   simp [h]
 
-@[simp] theorem getElem?_eq_some_getElem_iff {α} (xs : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.length) :
+@[simp] theorem getElem?_eq_some_getElem_iff (xs : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.length) :
     (xs[i]? = some xs[i]) ↔ True := by
   simp [h]
 
@@ -253,8 +253,21 @@ theorem getElem_eq_getElem?_get (l : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < l.length) :
     l[i] = l[i]?.get (by simp [getElem?_eq_getElem, h]) := by
   simp [getElem_eq_iff]
 
+theorem getD_getElem? (l : List α) (i : Nat) (d : α) :
+    l[i]?.getD d = if p : i < l.length then l[i]'p else d := by
+  if h : i < l.length then
+    simp [h, getElem?_def]
+  else
+    have p : i ≥ l.length := Nat.le_of_not_gt h
+    simp [getElem?_eq_none p, h]
+
 @[simp] theorem getElem?_nil {n : Nat} : ([] : List α)[n]? = none := rfl
 
+theorem getElem_cons {l : List α} (w : i < (a :: l).length) :
+    (a :: l)[i] =
+      if h : i = 0 then a else l[i-1]'(match i, h with | i+1, _ => succ_lt_succ_iff.mp w) := by
+  cases i <;> simp
+
 theorem getElem?_cons_zero {l : List α} : (a::l)[0]? = some a := by simp
 
 @[simp] theorem getElem?_cons_succ {l : List α} : (a::l)[n+1]? = l[n]? := by
@@ -264,6 +277,13 @@ theorem getElem?_cons_zero {l : List α} : (a::l)[0]? = some a := by simp
 theorem getElem?_cons : (a :: l)[i]? = if i = 0 then some a else l[i-1]? := by
   cases i <;> simp
 
+@[simp] theorem getElem_singleton (a : α) (h : i < 1) : [a][i] = a :=
+  match i, h with
+  | 0, _ => rfl
+
+theorem getElem?_singleton (a : α) (i : Nat) : [a][i]? = if i = 0 then some a else none := by
+  simp [getElem?_cons]
+
 /--
 If one has `l[i]` in an expression and `h : l = l'`,
 `rw [h]` will give a "motive it not type correct" error, as it cannot rewrite the
@@ -273,10 +293,6 @@ such a rewrite, with `rw [getElem_of_eq h]`.
 theorem getElem_of_eq {l l' : List α} (h : l = l') {i : Nat} (w : i < l.length) :
     l[i] = l'[i]'(h ▸ w) := by cases h; rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem getElem_singleton (a : α) (h : i < 1) : [a][i] = a :=
-  match i, h with
-  | 0, _ => rfl
-
 theorem getElem_zero {l : List α} (h : 0 < l.length) : l[0] = l.head (length_pos.mp h) :=
   match l, h with
   | _ :: _, _ => rfl
@@ -300,12 +316,6 @@ theorem ext_getElem {l₁ l₂ : List α} (hl : length l₁ = length l₂)
 theorem getElem?_concat_length (l : List α) (a : α) : (l ++ [a])[l.length]? = some a := by
   simp
 
-theorem isSome_getElem? {l : List α} {n : Nat} : l[n]?.isSome ↔ n < l.length := by
-  simp
-
-theorem isNone_getElem? {l : List α} {n : Nat} : l[n]?.isNone ↔ l.length ≤ n := by
-  simp
-
 /-! ### mem -/
 
 @[simp] theorem not_mem_nil (a : α) : ¬ a ∈ [] := nofun
@@ -416,8 +426,9 @@ theorem getElem_of_mem : ∀ {a} {l : List α}, a ∈ l → ∃ (n : Nat) (h : n
   | _, _ :: _, .head .. => ⟨0, Nat.succ_pos _, rfl⟩
   | _, _ :: _, .tail _ m => let ⟨n, h, e⟩ := getElem_of_mem m; ⟨n+1, Nat.succ_lt_succ h, e⟩
 
-theorem getElem?_of_mem {a} {l : List α} (h : a ∈ l) : ∃ n : Nat, l[n]? = some a :=
-  let ⟨n, _, e⟩ := getElem_of_mem h; ⟨n, e ▸ getElem?_eq_getElem _⟩
+theorem getElem?_of_mem {a} {l : List α} (h : a ∈ l) : ∃ n : Nat, l[n]? = some a := by
+  let ⟨n, _, e⟩ := getElem_of_mem h
+  exact ⟨n, e ▸ getElem?_eq_getElem _⟩
 
 theorem mem_of_getElem? {l : List α} {n : Nat} {a : α} (e : l[n]? = some a) : a ∈ l :=
   let ⟨_, e⟩ := getElem?_eq_some_iff.1 e; e ▸ getElem_mem ..
@@ -448,6 +459,10 @@ theorem forall_getElem {l : List α} {p : α → Prop} :
         simp only [getElem_cons_succ]
         exact getElem_mem (lt_of_succ_lt_succ h)
 
+@[simp] theorem elem_eq_contains [BEq α] {a : α} {l : List α} :
+    elem a l = l.contains a := by
+  simp [contains]
+
 @[simp] theorem decide_mem_cons [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {l : List α} :
     decide (y ∈ a :: l) = (y == a || decide (y ∈ l)) := by
   cases h : y == a <;> simp_all
@@ -455,16 +470,27 @@ theorem forall_getElem {l : List α} {p : α → Prop} :
 theorem elem_iff [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a : α} {as : List α} :
     elem a as = true ↔ a ∈ as := ⟨mem_of_elem_eq_true, elem_eq_true_of_mem⟩
 
-@[simp] theorem elem_eq_mem [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] (a : α) (as : List α) :
+theorem contains_iff [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a : α} {as : List α} :
+    as.contains a = true ↔ a ∈ as := ⟨mem_of_elem_eq_true, elem_eq_true_of_mem⟩
+
+theorem elem_eq_mem [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] (a : α) (as : List α) :
     elem a as = decide (a ∈ as) := by rw [Bool.eq_iff_iff, elem_iff, decide_eq_true_iff]
 
+@[simp] theorem contains_eq_mem [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] (a : α) (as : List α) :
+    as.contains a = decide (a ∈ as) := by rw [Bool.eq_iff_iff, elem_iff, decide_eq_true_iff]
+
+@[simp] theorem contains_cons [BEq α] {a : α} {b : α} {l : List α} :
+    (a :: l).contains b = (b == a || l.contains b) := by
+  simp only [contains, elem_cons]
+  split <;> simp_all
+
 /-! ### `isEmpty` -/
 
 theorem isEmpty_iff {l : List α} : l.isEmpty ↔ l = [] := by
   cases l <;> simp
 
 theorem isEmpty_eq_false_iff_exists_mem {xs : List α} :
-    (List.isEmpty xs = false) ↔ ∃ x, x ∈ xs := by
+    xs.isEmpty = false ↔ ∃ x, x ∈ xs := by
   cases xs <;> simp
 
 theorem isEmpty_iff_length_eq_zero {l : List α} : l.isEmpty ↔ l.length = 0 := by
@@ -502,17 +528,21 @@ theorem decide_forall_mem {l : List α} {p : α → Prop} [DecidablePred p] :
 @[simp] theorem all_eq_false {l : List α} : l.all p = false ↔ ∃ x, x ∈ l ∧ ¬p x := by
   simp [all_eq]
 
-theorem any_beq [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {l : List α} : (l.any fun x => a == x) ↔ a ∈ l := by
-  simp
+theorem any_beq [BEq α] {l : List α} {a : α} : (l.any fun x => a == x) = l.contains a := by
+  induction l <;> simp_all [contains_cons]
 
-theorem any_beq' [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {l : List α} : (l.any fun x => x == a) ↔ a ∈ l := by
-  simp
+/-- Variant of `any_beq` with `==` reversed. -/
+theorem any_beq' [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {l : List α} :
+    (l.any fun x => x == a) = l.contains a := by
+  simp only [BEq.comm, any_beq]
 
-theorem all_bne [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {l : List α} : (l.all fun x => a != x) ↔ a ∉ l := by
-  induction l <;> simp_all
+theorem all_bne [BEq α] {l : List α} : (l.all fun x => a != x) = !l.contains a := by
+  induction l <;> simp_all [bne]
 
-theorem all_bne' [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {l : List α} : (l.all fun x => x != a) ↔ a ∉ l := by
-  induction l <;> simp_all [eq_comm (a := a)]
+/-- Variant of `all_bne` with `!=` reversed. -/
+theorem all_bne' [BEq α] [PartialEquivBEq α] {l : List α} :
+    (l.all fun x => x != a) = !l.contains a := by
+  simp only [bne_comm, all_bne]
 
 /-! ### set -/
 
@@ -589,6 +619,14 @@ theorem getElem?_set' {l : List α} {i j : Nat} {a : α} :
   · simp only [getElem?_set_self', Option.map_eq_map, ↓reduceIte, *]
   · simp only [ne_eq, not_false_eq_true, getElem?_set_ne, ↓reduceIte, *]
 
+@[simp] theorem set_getElem_self {as : List α} {i : Nat} (h : i < as.length) :
+    as.set i as[i] = as := by
+  apply ext_getElem
+  · simp
+  · intro n h₁ h₂
+    rw [getElem_set]
+    split <;> simp_all
+
 theorem set_eq_of_length_le {l : List α} {n : Nat} (h : l.length ≤ n) {a : α} :
     l.set n a = l := by
   induction l generalizing n with
@@ -941,7 +979,7 @@ theorem getLast_eq_getElem : ∀ (l : List α) (h : l ≠ []),
   | _ :: _ :: _, _ => by
     simp [getLast, get, Nat.succ_sub_succ, getLast_eq_getElem]
 
-theorem getElem_length_sub_one_eq_getLast (l : List α) (h) :
+theorem getElem_length_sub_one_eq_getLast (l : List α) (h : l.length - 1 < l.length) :
     l[l.length - 1] = getLast l (by cases l; simp at h; simp) := by
   rw [← getLast_eq_getElem]
 
@@ -1069,7 +1107,8 @@ theorem head_eq_getElem (l : List α) (h : l ≠ []) : head l h = l[0]'(length_p
   | nil => simp at h
   | cons _ _ => simp
 
-theorem getElem_zero_eq_head (l : List α) (h) : l[0] = head l (by simpa [length_pos] using h) := by
+theorem getElem_zero_eq_head (l : List α) (h : 0 < l.length) :
+    l[0] = head l (by simpa [length_pos] using h) := by
   cases l with
   | nil => simp at h
   | cons _ _ => simp
@@ -1661,7 +1700,7 @@ theorem filterMap_eq_cons_iff {l} {b} {bs} :
 @[simp] theorem cons_append_fun (a : α) (as : List α) :
     (fun bs => ((a :: as) ++ bs)) = fun bs => a :: (as ++ bs) := rfl
 
-theorem getElem_append {l₁ l₂ : List α} (n : Nat) (h) :
+theorem getElem_append {l₁ l₂ : List α} (n : Nat) (h : n < (l₁ ++ l₂).length) :
     (l₁ ++ l₂)[n] = if h' : n < l₁.length then l₁[n] else l₂[n - l₁.length]'(by simp at h h'; exact Nat.sub_lt_left_of_lt_add h' h) := by
   split <;> rename_i h'
   · rw [getElem_append_left h']
@@ -2203,6 +2242,11 @@ theorem flatMap_def (l : List α) (f : α → List β) : l.flatMap f = flatten (
 
 @[simp] theorem flatMap_id (l : List (List α)) : List.flatMap l id = l.flatten := by simp [flatMap_def]
 
+@[simp]
+theorem length_flatMap (l : List α) (f : α → List β) :
+    length (l.flatMap f) = sum (map (length ∘ f) l) := by
+  rw [List.flatMap, length_flatten, map_map]
+
 @[simp] theorem mem_flatMap {f : α → List β} {b} {l : List α} : b ∈ l.flatMap f ↔ ∃ a, a ∈ l ∧ b ∈ f a := by
   simp [flatMap_def, mem_flatten]
   exact ⟨fun ⟨_, ⟨a, h₁, rfl⟩, h₂⟩ => ⟨a, h₁, h₂⟩, fun ⟨a, h₁, h₂⟩ => ⟨_, ⟨a, h₁, rfl⟩, h₂⟩⟩
@@ -2811,11 +2855,6 @@ theorem leftpad_suffix (n : Nat) (a : α) (l : List α) : l <:+ (leftpad n a l)
 
 theorem elem_cons_self [BEq α] [LawfulBEq α] {a : α} : (a::as).elem a = true := by simp
 
-@[simp] theorem contains_cons [BEq α] :
-    (a :: as : List α).contains x = (x == a || as.contains x) := by
-  simp only [contains, elem]
-  split <;> simp_all
-
 theorem contains_eq_any_beq [BEq α] (l : List α) (a : α) : l.contains a = l.any (a == ·) := by
   induction l with simp | cons b l => cases b == a <;> simp [*]
 
@@ -2859,7 +2898,7 @@ are often used for theorems about `Array.pop`.
 @[simp] theorem getElem_dropLast : ∀ (xs : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.dropLast.length),
     xs.dropLast[i] = xs[i]'(Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le h (length_dropLast .. ▸ Nat.pred_le _))
   | _::_::_, 0, _ => rfl
-  | _::_::_, i+1, _ => getElem_dropLast _ i _
+  | _::_::_, i+1, h => getElem_dropLast _ i (Nat.add_one_lt_add_one_iff.mp h)
 
 @[deprecated getElem_dropLast (since := "2024-06-12")]
 theorem get_dropLast (xs : List α) (i : Fin xs.dropLast.length) :
@@ -3514,7 +3553,12 @@ theorem getElem?_eq (l : List α) (i : Nat) :
   getElem?_def _ _
 @[deprecated getElem?_eq_none (since := "2024-11-29")] abbrev getElem?_len_le := @getElem?_eq_none
 
+@[deprecated _root_.isSome_getElem? (since := "2024-12-09")]
+theorem isSome_getElem? {l : List α} {n : Nat} : l[n]?.isSome ↔ n < l.length := by
+  simp
 
-
+@[deprecated _root_.isNone_getElem? (since := "2024-12-09")]
+theorem isNone_getElem? {l : List α} {n : Nat} : l[n]?.isNone ↔ l.length ≤ n := by
+  simp
 
 end List

src/Init/Data/List/MapIdx.lean

@@ -237,15 +237,15 @@ theorem getElem?_mapIdx_go : ∀ {l : List α} {arr : Array β} {i : Nat},
       if h : i < arr.size then some arr[i] else Option.map (f i) l[i - arr.size]?
   | [], arr, i => by
     simp only [mapIdx.go, Array.toListImpl_eq, getElem?_def, Array.length_toList,
-      Array.getElem_eq_getElem_toList, length_nil, Nat.not_lt_zero, ↓reduceDIte, Option.map_none']
+      ← Array.getElem_toList, length_nil, Nat.not_lt_zero, ↓reduceDIte, Option.map_none']
   | a :: l, arr, i => by
     rw [mapIdx.go, getElem?_mapIdx_go]
     simp only [Array.size_push]
     split <;> split
     · simp only [Option.some.injEq]
-      rw [Array.getElem_eq_getElem_toList]
+      rw [← Array.getElem_toList]
       simp only [Array.push_toList]
-      rw [getElem_append_left, Array.getElem_eq_getElem_toList]
+      rw [getElem_append_left, ← Array.getElem_toList]
     · have : i = arr.size := by omega
       simp_all
     · omega

src/Init/Data/List/Nat.lean

@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ import Init.Data.List.Nat.Find
 import Init.Data.List.Nat.BEq
 import Init.Data.List.Nat.Modify
 import Init.Data.List.Nat.InsertIdx
+import Init.Data.List.Nat.Perm

src/Init/Data/List/Nat/Perm.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Data.List.Nat.TakeDrop
+import Init.Data.List.Perm
+
+namespace List
+
+/-- Helper lemma for `set_set_perm`-/
+private theorem set_set_perm' {as : List α} {i j : Nat} (h₁ : i < as.length) (h₂ : i + j < as.length)
+    (hj : 0 < j) :
+    (as.set i as[i + j]).set (i + j) as[i] ~ as := by
+  have : as =
+      as.take i ++ as[i] :: (as.take (i + j)).drop (i + 1) ++ as[i + j] :: as.drop (i + j + 1) := by
+    simp only [getElem_cons_drop, append_assoc, cons_append]
+    rw [← drop_append_of_le_length]
+    · simp
+    · simp; omega
+  conv => lhs; congr; congr; rw [this]
+  conv => rhs; rw [this]
+  rw [set_append_left _ _ (by simp; omega)]
+  rw [set_append_right _ _ (by simp; omega)]
+  rw [set_append_right _ _ (by simp; omega)]
+  simp only [length_append, length_take, length_set, length_cons, length_drop]
+  rw [(show i - min i as.length = 0 by omega)]
+  rw [(show i + j - (min i as.length + (min (i + j) as.length - (i + 1) + 1)) = 0 by omega)]
+  simp only [set_cons_zero]
+  simp only [append_assoc]
+  apply Perm.append_left
+  apply cons_append_cons_perm
+
+theorem set_set_perm {as : List α} {i j : Nat} (h₁ : i < as.length) (h₂ : j < as.length) :
+    (as.set i as[j]).set j as[i] ~ as := by
+  if h₃ : i = j then
+    simp [h₃]
+  else
+    if h₃ : i < j then
+      let j' := j - i
+      have t : j = i + j' := by omega
+      generalize j' = j' at t
+      subst t
+      exact set_set_perm' _ _ (by omega)
+    else
+      rw [set_comm _ _ _ (by omega)]
+      let i' := i - j
+      have t : i = j + i' := by omega
+      generalize i' = i' at t
+      subst t
+      apply set_set_perm' _ _ (by omega)
+
+end List

src/Init/Data/List/Nat/TakeDrop.lean

@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ theorem drop_append {l₁ l₂ : List α} (i : Nat) : drop (l₁.length + i) (l
   rw [drop_append_eq_append_drop, drop_eq_nil_of_le] <;>
     simp [Nat.add_sub_cancel_left, Nat.le_add_right]
 
-theorem set_eq_take_append_cons_drop {l : List α} {n : Nat} {a : α} :
+theorem set_eq_take_append_cons_drop (l : List α) (n : Nat) (a : α) :
     l.set n a = if n < l.length then l.take n ++ a :: l.drop (n + 1) else l := by
   split <;> rename_i h
   · ext1 m

src/Init/Data/List/Perm.lean

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ protected theorem Perm.symm {l₁ l₂ : List α} (h : l₁ ~ l₂) : l₂ ~ l
   | swap => exact swap ..
   | trans _ _ ih₁ ih₂ => exact trans ih₂ ih₁
 
+instance : Trans (Perm (α := α)) (Perm (α := α)) (Perm (α := α)) where
+  trans h₁ h₂ := Perm.trans h₁ h₂
+
 theorem perm_comm {l₁ l₂ : List α} : l₁ ~ l₂ ↔ l₂ ~ l₁ := ⟨Perm.symm, Perm.symm⟩
 
 theorem Perm.swap' (x y : α) {l₁ l₂ : List α} (p : l₁ ~ l₂) : y :: x :: l₁ ~ x :: y :: l₂ :=
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ theorem perm_append_comm : ∀ {l₁ l₂ : List α}, l₁ ++ l₂ ~ l₂ ++ l
   | _ :: _, _ => (perm_append_comm.cons _).trans perm_middle.symm
 
 theorem perm_append_comm_assoc (l₁ l₂ l₃ : List α) :
-    Perm (l₁ ++ (l₂ ++ l₃)) (l₂ ++ (l₁ ++ l₃)) := by
+    (l₁ ++ (l₂ ++ l₃)) ~ (l₂ ++ (l₁ ++ l₃)) := by
   simpa only [List.append_assoc] using perm_append_comm.append_right _
 
 theorem concat_perm (l : List α) (a : α) : concat l a ~ a :: l := by simp
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ theorem Perm.nil_eq {l : List α} (p : [] ~ l) : [] = l := p.symm.eq_nil.symm
 
 theorem not_perm_nil_cons (x : α) (l : List α) : ¬[] ~ x :: l := (nomatch ·.symm.eq_nil)
 
-theorem not_perm_cons_nil {l : List α} {a : α} : ¬(Perm (a::l) []) :=
+theorem not_perm_cons_nil {l : List α} {a : α} : ¬((a::l) ~ []) :=
   fun h => by simpa using h.length_eq
 
 theorem Perm.isEmpty_eq {l l' : List α} (h : Perm l l') : l.isEmpty = l'.isEmpty := by
@@ -478,6 +481,15 @@ theorem Perm.flatten {l₁ l₂ : List (List α)} (h : l₁ ~ l₂) : l₁.flatt
 
 @[deprecated Perm.flatten (since := "2024-10-14")] abbrev Perm.join := @Perm.flatten
 
+theorem cons_append_cons_perm {a b : α} {as bs : List α} :
+    a :: as ++ b :: bs ~ b :: as ++ a :: bs := by
+  suffices [[a], as, [b], bs].flatten ~ [[b], as, [a], bs].flatten by simpa
+  apply Perm.flatten
+  calc
+    [[a], as, [b], bs] ~ [as, [a], [b], bs] := Perm.swap as [a] _
+    _ ~ [as, [b], [a], bs] := Perm.cons _ (Perm.swap [b] [a] _)
+    _ ~ [[b], as, [a], bs] := Perm.swap [b] as _
+
 theorem Perm.flatMap_right {l₁ l₂ : List α} (f : α → List β) (p : l₁ ~ l₂) : l₁.flatMap f ~ l₂.flatMap f :=
   (p.map _).flatten
 

src/Init/Data/List/Sublist.lean

@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ theorem isPrefix_iff : l₁ <+: l₂ ↔ ∀ i (h : i < l₁.length), l₂[i]? =
 theorem isPrefix_iff_getElem {l₁ l₂ : List α} :
     l₁ <+: l₂ ↔ ∃ (h : l₁.length ≤ l₂.length), ∀ x (hx : x < l₁.length),
       l₁[x] = l₂[x]'(Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le hx h) where
-  mp h := ⟨h.length_le, fun _ _ ↦ h.getElem _⟩
+  mp h := ⟨h.length_le, fun _ h' ↦ h.getElem h'⟩
   mpr h := by
     obtain ⟨hl, h⟩ := h
     induction l₂ generalizing l₁ with

src/Init/Data/List/TakeDrop.lean

@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ theorem lt_length_of_take_ne_self {l : List α} {n} (h : l.take n ≠ l) : n < l
 theorem getElem_cons_drop : ∀ (l : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i < l.length),
     l[i] :: drop (i + 1) l = drop i l
   | _::_, 0, _ => rfl
-  | _::_, i+1, _ => getElem_cons_drop _ i _
+  | _::_, i+1, h => getElem_cons_drop _ i (Nat.add_one_lt_add_one_iff.mp h)
 
 @[deprecated getElem_cons_drop (since := "2024-06-12")]
 theorem get_cons_drop (l : List α) (i) : get l i :: drop (i + 1) l = drop i l := by
   simp
 
-theorem drop_eq_getElem_cons {n} {l : List α} (h) : drop n l = l[n] :: drop (n + 1) l :=
+theorem drop_eq_getElem_cons {n} {l : List α} (h : n < l.length) : drop n l = l[n] :: drop (n + 1) l :=
   (getElem_cons_drop _ n h).symm
 
 @[deprecated drop_eq_getElem_cons (since := "2024-06-12")]

src/Init/Data/List/ToArray.lean

@@ -1,23 +1,374 @@
 /-
-Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2022 Mario Carneiro. All rights reserved.
 Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
-Authors: Henrik Böving
+Authors: Mario Carneiro
 -/
 prelude
-import Init.Data.List.Basic
+import Init.Data.List.Impl
+import Init.Data.List.Nat.Erase
+import Init.Data.List.Monadic
 
-/--
-Auxiliary definition for `List.toArray`.
-`List.toArrayAux as r = r ++ as.toArray`
+/-! ### Lemmas about `List.toArray`.
+
+We prefer to pull `List.toArray` outwards past `Array` operations.
 -/
-@[inline_if_reduce]
-def List.toArrayAux : List α → Array α → Array α
-  | nil,       r => r
-  | cons a as, r => toArrayAux as (r.push a)
+namespace List
 
-/-- Convert a `List α` into an `Array α`. This is O(n) in the length of the list.  -/
--- This function is exported to C, where it is called by `Array.mk`
--- (the constructor) to implement this functionality.
-@[inline, match_pattern, pp_nodot, export lean_list_to_array]
-def List.toArrayImpl (as : List α) : Array α :=
-  as.toArrayAux (Array.mkEmpty as.length)
+open Array
+
+theorem toArray_inj {a b : List α} (h : a.toArray = b.toArray) : a = b := by
+  cases a with
+  | nil => simpa using h
+  | cons a as =>
+    cases b with
+    | nil => simp at h
+    | cons b bs => simpa using h
+
+@[simp] theorem size_toArrayAux {a : List α} {b : Array α} :
+    (a.toArrayAux b).size = b.size + a.length := by
+  simp [size]
+
+@[simp] theorem push_toArray (l : List α) (a : α) : l.toArray.push a = (l ++ [a]).toArray := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp
+
+/-- Unapplied variant of `push_toArray`, useful for monadic reasoning. -/
+@[simp] theorem push_toArray_fun (l : List α) : l.toArray.push = fun a => (l ++ [a]).toArray := by
+  funext a
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem isEmpty_toArray (l : List α) : l.toArray.isEmpty = l.isEmpty := by
+  cases l <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem toArray_singleton (a : α) : (List.singleton a).toArray = singleton a := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem back!_toArray [Inhabited α] (l : List α) : l.toArray.back! = l.getLast! := by
+  simp only [back!, size_toArray, Array.get!_eq_getElem!, getElem!_toArray, getLast!_eq_getElem!]
+
+@[simp] theorem back?_toArray (l : List α) : l.toArray.back? = l.getLast? := by
+  simp [back?, List.getLast?_eq_getElem?]
+
+@[simp] theorem set_toArray (l : List α) (i : Nat) (a : α) (h : i < l.length) :
+    (l.toArray.set i a) = (l.set i a).toArray := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn'_loop_toArray [Monad m] (l : List α) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ l.toArray → β → m (ForInStep β)) (i : Nat)
+    (h : i ≤ l.length) (b : β) :
+    Array.forIn'.loop l.toArray f i h b =
+      forIn' (l.drop (l.length - i)) b (fun a m b => f a (by simpa using mem_of_mem_drop m) b) := by
+  induction i generalizing l b with
+  | zero =>
+    simp [Array.forIn'.loop]
+  | succ i ih =>
+    simp only [Array.forIn'.loop, size_toArray, getElem_toArray, ih]
+    have t : drop (l.length - (i + 1)) l = l[l.length - i - 1] :: drop (l.length - i) l := by
+      simp only [Nat.sub_add_eq]
+      rw [List.drop_sub_one (by omega), List.getElem?_eq_getElem (by omega)]
+      simp only [Option.toList_some, singleton_append]
+    simp [t]
+    have t : l.length - 1 - i = l.length - i - 1 := by omega
+    simp only [t]
+    congr
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn'_toArray [Monad m] (l : List α) (b : β) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ l.toArray → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
+    forIn' l.toArray b f = forIn' l b (fun a m b => f a (mem_toArray.mpr m) b) := by
+  change Array.forIn' _ _ _ = List.forIn' _ _ _
+  rw [Array.forIn', forIn'_loop_toArray]
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn_toArray [Monad m] (l : List α) (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
+    forIn l.toArray b f = forIn l b f := by
+  simpa using forIn'_toArray l b fun a m b => f a b
+
+theorem foldrM_toArray [Monad m] (f : α → β → m β) (init : β) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.foldrM f init = l.foldrM f init := by
+  rw [foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList]
+  simp
+
+theorem foldlM_toArray [Monad m] (f : β → α → m β) (init : β) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.foldlM f init = l.foldlM f init := by
+  rw [foldlM_toList]
+
+theorem foldr_toArray (f : α → β → β) (init : β) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.foldr f init = l.foldr f init := by
+  rw [foldr_toList]
+
+theorem foldl_toArray (f : β → α → β) (init : β) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.foldl f init = l.foldl f init := by
+  rw [foldl_toList]
+
+/-- Variant of `foldrM_toArray` with a side condition for the `start` argument. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldrM_toArray' [Monad m] (f : α → β → m β) (init : β) (l : List α)
+    (h : start = l.toArray.size) :
+    l.toArray.foldrM f init start 0 = l.foldrM f init := by
+  subst h
+  rw [foldrM_eq_reverse_foldlM_toList]
+  simp
+
+/-- Variant of `foldlM_toArray` with a side condition for the `stop` argument. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldlM_toArray' [Monad m] (f : β → α → m β) (init : β) (l : List α)
+    (h : stop = l.toArray.size) :
+    l.toArray.foldlM f init 0 stop = l.foldlM f init := by
+  subst h
+  rw [foldlM_toList]
+
+/-- Variant of `foldr_toArray` with a side condition for the `start` argument. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldr_toArray' (f : α → β → β) (init : β) (l : List α)
+    (h : start = l.toArray.size) :
+    l.toArray.foldr f init start 0 = l.foldr f init := by
+  subst h
+  rw [foldr_toList]
+
+/-- Variant of `foldl_toArray` with a side condition for the `stop` argument. -/
+@[simp] theorem foldl_toArray' (f : β → α → β) (init : β) (l : List α)
+    (h : stop = l.toArray.size) :
+    l.toArray.foldl f init 0 stop = l.foldl f init := by
+  subst h
+  rw [foldl_toList]
+
+@[simp] theorem append_toArray (l₁ l₂ : List α) :
+    l₁.toArray ++ l₂.toArray = (l₁ ++ l₂).toArray := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem push_append_toArray {as : Array α} {a : α} {bs : List α} : as.push a ++ bs.toArray = as ++ (a ::bs).toArray := by
+  cases as
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem foldl_push {l : List α} {as : Array α} : l.foldl Array.push as = as ++ l.toArray := by
+  induction l generalizing as <;> simp [*]
+
+@[simp] theorem foldr_push {l : List α} {as : Array α} : l.foldr (fun a b => push b a) as = as ++ l.reverse.toArray := by
+  rw [foldr_eq_foldl_reverse, foldl_push]
+
+@[simp] theorem findSomeM?_toArray [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → m (Option β)) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.findSomeM? f = l.findSomeM? f := by
+  rw [Array.findSomeM?]
+  simp only [bind_pure_comp, map_pure, forIn_toArray]
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih =>
+    simp only [forIn_cons, LawfulMonad.bind_assoc, findSomeM?]
+    congr
+    ext1 (_|_) <;> simp [ih]
+
+theorem findSomeRevM?_find_toArray [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → m (Option β)) (l : List α)
+    (i : Nat) (h) :
+    findSomeRevM?.find f l.toArray i h = (l.take i).reverse.findSomeM? f := by
+  induction i generalizing l with
+  | zero => simp [Array.findSomeRevM?.find.eq_def]
+  | succ i ih =>
+    rw [size_toArray] at h
+    rw [Array.findSomeRevM?.find, take_succ, getElem?_eq_getElem (by omega)]
+    simp only [ih, reverse_append]
+    congr
+    ext1 (_|_) <;> simp
+
+-- This is not marked as `@[simp]` as later we simplify all occurrences of `findSomeRevM?`.
+theorem findSomeRevM?_toArray [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → m (Option β)) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.findSomeRevM? f = l.reverse.findSomeM? f := by
+  simp [Array.findSomeRevM?, findSomeRevM?_find_toArray]
+
+-- This is not marked as `@[simp]` as later we simplify all occurrences of `findRevM?`.
+theorem findRevM?_toArray [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → m Bool) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.findRevM? f = l.reverse.findM? f := by
+  rw [Array.findRevM?, findSomeRevM?_toArray, findM?_eq_findSomeM?]
+
+@[simp] theorem findM?_toArray [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (f : α → m Bool) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.findM? f = l.findM? f := by
+  rw [Array.findM?]
+  simp only [bind_pure_comp, map_pure, forIn_toArray]
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih =>
+    simp only [forIn_cons, LawfulMonad.bind_assoc, findM?]
+    congr
+    ext1 (_|_) <;> simp [ih]
+
+@[simp] theorem findSome?_toArray (f : α → Option β) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.findSome? f = l.findSome? f := by
+  rw [Array.findSome?, ← findSomeM?_id, findSomeM?_toArray, Id.run]
+
+@[simp] theorem find?_toArray (f : α → Bool) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.find? f = l.find? f := by
+  rw [Array.find?]
+  simp only [Id.run, Id, Id.pure_eq, Id.bind_eq, forIn_toArray]
+  induction l with
+  | nil => simp
+  | cons a l ih =>
+    simp only [forIn_cons, Id.pure_eq, Id.bind_eq, find?]
+    by_cases f a <;> simp_all
+
+theorem isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) (hle : l₁.length ≤ l₂.length) (i : Nat) :
+    Array.isPrefixOfAux l₁.toArray l₂.toArray hle (i + 1) =
+      Array.isPrefixOfAux l₁.tail.toArray l₂.tail.toArray (by simp; omega) i := by
+  rw [Array.isPrefixOfAux]
+  conv => rhs; rw [Array.isPrefixOfAux]
+  simp only [size_toArray, getElem_toArray, Bool.if_false_right, length_tail, getElem_tail]
+  split <;> rename_i h₁ <;> split <;> rename_i h₂
+  · rw [isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ]
+  · omega
+  · omega
+  · rfl
+
+theorem isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ' [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) (hle : l₁.length ≤ l₂.length) (i : Nat) :
+    Array.isPrefixOfAux l₁.toArray l₂.toArray hle (i + 1) =
+      Array.isPrefixOfAux (l₁.drop (i+1)).toArray (l₂.drop (i+1)).toArray (by simp; omega) 0 := by
+  induction i generalizing l₁ l₂ with
+  | zero => simp [isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ]
+  | succ i ih =>
+    rw [isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ, ih]
+    simp
+
+theorem isPrefixOfAux_toArray_zero [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) (hle : l₁.length ≤ l₂.length) :
+    Array.isPrefixOfAux l₁.toArray l₂.toArray hle 0 =
+      l₁.isPrefixOf l₂ := by
+  rw [Array.isPrefixOfAux]
+  match l₁, l₂ with
+  | [], _ => rw [dif_neg] <;> simp
+  | _::_, [] => simp at hle
+  | a::l₁, b::l₂ =>
+    simp [isPrefixOf_cons₂, isPrefixOfAux_toArray_succ', isPrefixOfAux_toArray_zero]
+
+@[simp] theorem isPrefixOf_toArray [BEq α] (l₁ l₂ : List α) :
+    l₁.toArray.isPrefixOf l₂.toArray = l₁.isPrefixOf l₂ := by
+  rw [Array.isPrefixOf]
+  split <;> rename_i h
+  · simp [isPrefixOfAux_toArray_zero]
+  · simp only [Bool.false_eq]
+    induction l₁ generalizing l₂ with
+    | nil => simp at h
+    | cons a l₁ ih =>
+      cases l₂ with
+      | nil => simp
+      | cons b l₂ =>
+        simp only [isPrefixOf_cons₂, Bool.and_eq_false_imp]
+        intro w
+        rw [ih]
+        simp_all
+
+theorem zipWithAux_toArray_succ (as : List α) (bs : List β) (f : α → β → γ) (i : Nat) (cs : Array γ) :
+    zipWithAux as.toArray bs.toArray f (i + 1) cs = zipWithAux as.tail.toArray bs.tail.toArray f i cs := by
+  rw [zipWithAux]
+  conv => rhs; rw [zipWithAux]
+  simp only [size_toArray, getElem_toArray, length_tail, getElem_tail]
+  split <;> rename_i h₁
+  · split <;> rename_i h₂
+    · rw [dif_pos (by omega), dif_pos (by omega), zipWithAux_toArray_succ]
+    · rw [dif_pos (by omega)]
+      rw [dif_neg (by omega)]
+  · rw [dif_neg (by omega)]
+
+theorem zipWithAux_toArray_succ' (as : List α) (bs : List β) (f : α → β → γ) (i : Nat) (cs : Array γ) :
+    zipWithAux as.toArray bs.toArray f (i + 1) cs = zipWithAux (as.drop (i+1)).toArray (bs.drop (i+1)).toArray f 0 cs := by
+  induction i generalizing as bs cs with
+  | zero => simp [zipWithAux_toArray_succ]
+  | succ i ih =>
+    rw [zipWithAux_toArray_succ, ih]
+    simp
+
+theorem zipWithAux_toArray_zero (f : α → β → γ) (as : List α) (bs : List β) (cs : Array γ) :
+    zipWithAux as.toArray bs.toArray f 0 cs = cs ++ (List.zipWith f as bs).toArray := by
+  rw [Array.zipWithAux]
+  match as, bs with
+  | [], _ => simp
+  | _, [] => simp
+  | a :: as, b :: bs =>
+    simp [zipWith_cons_cons, zipWithAux_toArray_succ', zipWithAux_toArray_zero, push_append_toArray]
+
+@[simp] theorem zipWith_toArray (as : List α) (bs : List β) (f : α → β → γ) :
+    Array.zipWith as.toArray bs.toArray f = (List.zipWith f as bs).toArray := by
+  rw [Array.zipWith]
+  simp [zipWithAux_toArray_zero]
+
+@[simp] theorem zip_toArray (as : List α) (bs : List β) :
+    Array.zip as.toArray bs.toArray = (List.zip as bs).toArray := by
+  simp [Array.zip, zipWith_toArray, zip]
+
+theorem zipWithAll_go_toArray (as : List α) (bs : List β) (f : Option α → Option β → γ) (i : Nat) (cs : Array γ) :
+    zipWithAll.go f as.toArray bs.toArray i cs = cs ++ (List.zipWithAll f (as.drop i) (bs.drop i)).toArray := by
+  unfold zipWithAll.go
+  split <;> rename_i h
+  · rw [zipWithAll_go_toArray]
+    simp at h
+    simp only [getElem?_toArray, push_append_toArray]
+    if ha : i < as.length then
+      if hb : i < bs.length then
+        rw [List.drop_eq_getElem_cons ha, List.drop_eq_getElem_cons hb]
+        simp only [ha, hb, getElem?_eq_getElem, zipWithAll_cons_cons]
+      else
+        simp only [Nat.not_lt] at hb
+        rw [List.drop_eq_getElem_cons ha]
+        rw [(drop_eq_nil_iff (l := bs)).mpr (by omega), (drop_eq_nil_iff (l := bs)).mpr (by omega)]
+        simp only [zipWithAll_nil, map_drop, map_cons]
+        rw [getElem?_eq_getElem ha]
+        rw [getElem?_eq_none hb]
+    else
+      if hb : i < bs.length then
+        simp only [Nat.not_lt] at ha
+        rw [List.drop_eq_getElem_cons hb]
+        rw [(drop_eq_nil_iff (l := as)).mpr (by omega), (drop_eq_nil_iff (l := as)).mpr (by omega)]
+        simp only [nil_zipWithAll, map_drop, map_cons]
+        rw [getElem?_eq_getElem hb]
+        rw [getElem?_eq_none ha]
+      else
+        omega
+  · simp only [size_toArray, Nat.not_lt] at h
+    rw [drop_eq_nil_of_le (by omega), drop_eq_nil_of_le (by omega)]
+    simp
+  termination_by max as.length bs.length - i
+  decreasing_by simp_wf; decreasing_trivial_pre_omega
+
+@[simp] theorem zipWithAll_toArray (f : Option α → Option β → γ) (as : List α) (bs : List β) :
+    Array.zipWithAll as.toArray bs.toArray f = (List.zipWithAll f as bs).toArray := by
+  simp [Array.zipWithAll, zipWithAll_go_toArray]
+
+@[simp] theorem toArray_appendList (l₁ l₂ : List α) :
+    l₁.toArray ++ l₂ = (l₁ ++ l₂).toArray := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp
+
+@[simp] theorem pop_toArray (l : List α) : l.toArray.pop = l.dropLast.toArray := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp
+
+theorem takeWhile_go_succ (p : α → Bool) (a : α) (l : List α) (i : Nat) :
+    takeWhile.go p (a :: l).toArray (i+1) r = takeWhile.go p l.toArray i r := by
+  rw [takeWhile.go, takeWhile.go]
+  simp only [size_toArray, length_cons, Nat.add_lt_add_iff_right, Array.get_eq_getElem,
+    getElem_toArray, getElem_cons_succ]
+  split
+  rw [takeWhile_go_succ]
+  rfl
+
+theorem takeWhile_go_toArray (p : α → Bool) (l : List α) (i : Nat) :
+    Array.takeWhile.go p l.toArray i r = r ++ (takeWhile p (l.drop i)).toArray := by
+  induction l generalizing i r with
+  | nil => simp [takeWhile.go]
+  | cons a l ih =>
+    rw [takeWhile.go]
+    cases i with
+    | zero =>
+      simp [takeWhile_go_succ, ih, takeWhile_cons]
+      split <;> simp
+    | succ i =>
+      simp only [size_toArray, length_cons, Nat.add_lt_add_iff_right, Array.get_eq_getElem,
+        getElem_toArray, getElem_cons_succ, drop_succ_cons]
+      split <;> rename_i h₁
+      · rw [takeWhile_go_succ, ih]
+        rw [← getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop h₁, takeWhile_cons]
+        split <;> simp_all
+      · simp_all [drop_eq_nil_of_le]
+
+@[simp] theorem takeWhile_toArray (p : α → Bool) (l : List α) :
+    l.toArray.takeWhile p = (l.takeWhile p).toArray := by
+  simp [Array.takeWhile, takeWhile_go_toArray]
+
+@[simp] theorem setIfInBounds_toArray (l : List α) (i : Nat) (a : α) :
+    l.toArray.setIfInBounds i a  = (l.set i a).toArray := by
+  apply ext'
+  simp only [setIfInBounds]
+  split
+  · simp
+  · simp_all [List.set_eq_of_length_le]
+
+end List

src/Init/Data/List/ToArrayImpl.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Henrik Böving
+-/
+prelude
+import Init.Data.List.Basic
+
+/--
+Auxiliary definition for `List.toArray`.
+`List.toArrayAux as r = r ++ as.toArray`
+-/
+@[inline_if_reduce]
+def List.toArrayAux : List α → Array α → Array α
+  | nil,       r => r
+  | cons a as, r => toArrayAux as (r.push a)
+
+/-- Convert a `List α` into an `Array α`. This is O(n) in the length of the list.  -/
+-- This function is exported to C, where it is called by `Array.mk`
+-- (the constructor) to implement this functionality.
+@[inline, match_pattern, pp_nodot, export lean_list_to_array]
+def List.toArrayImpl (as : List α) : Array α :=
+  as.toArrayAux (Array.mkEmpty as.length)

src/Init/Data/Nat/Bitwise/Basic.lean

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ theorem shiftRight_eq_div_pow (m : Nat) : ∀ n, m >>> n = m / 2 ^ n
     rw [shiftRight_add, shiftRight_eq_div_pow m k]
     simp [Nat.div_div_eq_div_mul, ← Nat.pow_succ, shiftRight_succ]
 
+theorem shiftRight_eq_zero (m n : Nat) (hn : m < 2^n) : m >>> n = 0 := by
+  simp [Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow, Nat.div_eq_of_lt hn]
+
 /-!
 ### testBit
 We define an operation for testing individual bits in the binary representation

src/Init/Data/Nat/Dvd.lean

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ protected theorem dvd_add_iff_right {k m n : Nat} (h : k ∣ m) : k ∣ n ↔ k
 protected theorem dvd_add_iff_left {k m n : Nat} (h : k ∣ n) : k ∣ m ↔ k ∣ m + n := by
   rw [Nat.add_comm]; exact Nat.dvd_add_iff_right h
 
-theorem dvd_mod_iff {k m n : Nat} (h: k ∣ n) : k ∣ m % n ↔ k ∣ m :=
-  have := Nat.dvd_add_iff_left <| Nat.dvd_trans h <| Nat.dvd_mul_right n (m / n)
-  by rwa [mod_add_div] at this
+theorem dvd_mod_iff {k m n : Nat} (h: k ∣ n) : k ∣ m % n ↔ k ∣ m := by
+  have := Nat.dvd_add_iff_left (m := m % n) <| Nat.dvd_trans h <| Nat.dvd_mul_right n (m / n)
+  rwa [mod_add_div] at this
 
 theorem le_of_dvd {m n : Nat} (h : 0 < n) : m ∣ n → m ≤ n
   | ⟨k, e⟩ => by

src/Init/Data/Nat/Lemmas.lean

@@ -1046,6 +1046,25 @@ instance decidableExistsLE [DecidablePred p] : DecidablePred fun n => ∃ m : Na
   fun n => decidable_of_iff (∃ m, m < n + 1 ∧ p m)
     (exists_congr fun _ => and_congr_left' Nat.lt_succ_iff)
 
+/-- Dependent version of `decidableExistsLT`. -/
+instance decidableExistsLT' {p : (m : Nat) → m < k → Prop} [I : ∀ m h, Decidable (p m h)] :
+    Decidable (∃ m : Nat, ∃ h : m < k, p m h) :=
+  match k, p, I with
+  | 0, _, _ => isFalse (by simp)
+  | (k + 1), p, I => @decidable_of_iff _ ((∃ m, ∃ h : m < k, p m (by omega)) ∨ p k (by omega))
+      ⟨by rintro (⟨m, h, w⟩ | w); exact ⟨m, by omega, w⟩; exact ⟨k, by omega, w⟩,
+        fun ⟨m, h, w⟩ => if h' : m < k then .inl ⟨m, h', w⟩ else
+          by obtain rfl := (by omega : m = k); exact .inr w⟩
+      (@instDecidableOr _ _
+        (decidableExistsLT' (p := fun m h => p m (by omega)) (I := fun m h => I m (by omega)))
+        inferInstance)
+
+/-- Dependent version of `decidableExistsLE`. -/
+instance decidableExistsLE' {p : (m : Nat) → m ≤ k → Prop} [I : ∀ m h, Decidable (p m h)] :
+    Decidable (∃ m : Nat, ∃ h : m ≤ k, p m h) :=
+  decidable_of_iff (∃ m, ∃ h : m < k + 1, p m (by omega)) (exists_congr fun _ =>
+    ⟨fun ⟨h, w⟩ => ⟨le_of_lt_succ h, w⟩, fun ⟨h, w⟩ => ⟨lt_add_one_of_le h, w⟩⟩)
+
 /-! ### Results about `List.sum` specialized to `Nat` -/
 
 protected theorem sum_pos_iff_exists_pos {l : List Nat} : 0 < l.sum ↔ ∃ x ∈ l, 0 < x := by

src/Init/Data/Option.lean

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ import Init.Data.Option.Instances
 import Init.Data.Option.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Option.Attach
 import Init.Data.Option.List
+import Init.Data.Option.Monadic

src/Init/Data/Option/Attach.lean

@@ -119,10 +119,14 @@ theorem attachWith_map_subtype_val {p : α → Prop} (o : Option α) (H : ∀ a
   · simp at h
   · simp [get_some]
 
-@[simp] theorem toList_attach (o : Option α) :
+theorem toList_attach (o : Option α) :
     o.attach.toList = o.toList.attach.map fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨x, by simpa using h⟩ := by
   cases o <;> simp
 
+@[simp] theorem attach_toList (o : Option α) :
+    o.toList.attach = (o.attach.map fun ⟨a, h⟩ => ⟨a, by simpa using h⟩).toList := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
 theorem attach_map {o : Option α} (f : α → β) :
     (o.map f).attach = o.attach.map (fun ⟨x, h⟩ => ⟨f x, mem_map_of_mem f h⟩) := by
   cases o <;> simp

src/Init/Data/Option/Instances.lean

@@ -70,6 +70,13 @@ satisfy `p`, using the proof to apply `f`.
   | none, _ => none
   | some a, H => f a (H a rfl)
 
+/-- Partial elimination. If `o : Option α` and `f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β`, then `o.pelim b f` is
+the same as `o.elim b f` but `f` is passed the proof that `a ∈ o`. -/
+@[inline] def pelim (o : Option α) (b : β) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β) : β :=
+  match o with
+  | none => b
+  | some a => f a rfl
+
 /-- Map a monadic function which returns `Unit` over an `Option`. -/
 @[inline] protected def forM [Pure m] : Option α → (α → m PUnit) → m PUnit
   | none  , _ => pure ⟨⟩

src/Init/Data/Option/Lemmas.lean

@@ -629,4 +629,12 @@ theorem pbind_eq_some_iff {o : Option α} {f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → Option
     · rintro ⟨h, rfl⟩
       rfl
 
+/-! ### pelim -/
+
+@[simp] theorem pelim_none : pelim none b f = b := rfl
+@[simp] theorem pelim_some : pelim (some a) b f = f a rfl := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem pelim_eq_elim : pelim o b (fun a _ => f a) = o.elim b f := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
 end Option

src/Init/Data/Option/List.lean

@@ -15,17 +15,25 @@ namespace Option
     forIn' none b f = pure b := by
   rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem forIn'_some [Monad m] (a : α) (b : β) (f : (a' : α) → a' ∈ some a → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
-    forIn' (some a) b f = bind (f a rfl b) (fun | .done r | .yield r => pure r) := by
-  rfl
+@[simp] theorem forIn'_some [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (a : α) (b : β) (f : (a' : α) → a' ∈ some a → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
+    forIn' (some a) b f = bind (f a rfl b) (fun r => pure (ForInStep.value r)) := by
+  simp only [forIn', bind_pure_comp]
+  rw [map_eq_pure_bind]
+  congr
+  funext x
+  split <;> rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem forIn_none [Monad m] (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
     forIn none b f = pure b := by
   rfl
 
-@[simp] theorem forIn_some [Monad m] (a : α) (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
-    forIn (some a) b f = bind (f a b) (fun | .done r | .yield r => pure r) := by
-  rfl
+@[simp] theorem forIn_some [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (a : α) (b : β) (f : α → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
+    forIn (some a) b f = bind (f a b) (fun r => pure (ForInStep.value r)) := by
+  simp only [forIn, forIn', bind_pure_comp]
+  rw [map_eq_pure_bind]
+  congr
+  funext x
+  split <;> rfl
 
 @[simp] theorem forIn'_toList [Monad m] (o : Option α) (b : β) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o.toList → β → m (ForInStep β)) :
     forIn' o.toList b f = forIn' o b fun a m b => f a (by simpa using m) b := by
@@ -35,4 +43,20 @@ namespace Option
     forIn o.toList b f = forIn o b f := by
   cases o <;> rfl
 
+@[simp] theorem foldlM_toList [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (o : Option β) (a : α) (f : α → β → m α) :
+    o.toList.foldlM f a = o.elim (pure a) (fun b => f a b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem foldrM_toList [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (o : Option β) (a : α) (f : β → α → m α) :
+    o.toList.foldrM f a = o.elim (pure a) (fun b => f b a) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem foldl_toList (o : Option β) (a : α) (f : α → β → α) :
+    o.toList.foldl f a = o.elim a (fun b => f a b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem foldr_toList (o : Option β) (a : α) (f : β → α → α) :
+    o.toList.foldr f a = o.elim a (fun b => f b a) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
 end Option

src/Init/Data/Option/Monadic.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+prelude
+
+import Init.Data.Option.Attach
+import Init.Control.Lawful.Basic
+
+namespace Option
+
+@[congr] theorem forIn'_congr [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m]{as bs : Option α} (w : as = bs)
+    {b b' : β} (hb : b = b')
+    {f : (a' : α) → a' ∈ as → β → m (ForInStep β)}
+    {g : (a' : α) → a' ∈ bs → β → m (ForInStep β)}
+    (h : ∀ a m b, f a (by simpa [w] using m) b = g a m b) :
+    forIn' as b f = forIn' bs b' g := by
+  cases as <;> cases bs
+  · simp [hb]
+  · simp at w
+  · simp at w
+  · simp only [some.injEq] at w
+    subst w
+    simp [hb, h]
+
+theorem forIn'_eq_pelim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m]
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β → m (ForInStep β)) (b : β) :
+    forIn' o b f =
+      o.pelim (pure b) (fun a h => ForInStep.value <$> f a h b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn'_yield_eq_pelim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (o : Option α)
+    (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β → m γ) (g : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β → γ → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn' o b (fun a m b => (fun c => .yield (g a m b c)) <$> f a m b) =
+      o.pelim (pure b) (fun a h => g a h b <$> f a h b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+theorem forIn'_pure_yield_eq_pelim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m]
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn' o b (fun a m b => pure (.yield (f a m b))) =
+      pure (f := m) (o.pelim b (fun a h => f a h b)) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn'_id_yield_eq_pelim
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → a ∈ o → β → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn' (m := Id) o b (fun a m b => .yield (f a m b)) =
+      o.pelim b (fun a h => f a h b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+theorem forIn_eq_elim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m]
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → β → m (ForInStep β)) (b : β) :
+    forIn o b f =
+      o.elim (pure b) (fun a => ForInStep.value <$> f a b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn_yield_eq_elim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m] (o : Option α)
+    (f : (a : α) → β → m γ) (g : (a : α) → β → γ → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn o b (fun a b => (fun c => .yield (g a b c)) <$> f a b) =
+      o.elim (pure b) (fun a => g a b <$> f a b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+theorem forIn_pure_yield_eq_elim [Monad m] [LawfulMonad m]
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → β → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn o b (fun a b => pure (.yield (f a b))) =
+      pure (f := m) (o.elim b (fun a => f a b)) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+@[simp] theorem forIn_id_yield_eq_elim
+    (o : Option α) (f : (a : α) → β → β) (b : β) :
+    forIn (m := Id) o b (fun a b => .yield (f a b)) =
+      o.elim b (fun a => f a b) := by
+  cases o <;> simp
+
+end Option

src/Init/Data/UInt/Bitwise.lean

@@ -1,25 +1,39 @@
 /-
 Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
 Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
-Authors: Markus Himmel
+Authors: Markus Himmel, Mac Malone
 -/
 prelude
-import Init.Data.UInt.Basic
+import Init.Data.UInt.Lemmas
 import Init.Data.Fin.Bitwise
 import Init.Data.BitVec.Lemmas
 
 set_option hygiene false in
-macro "declare_bitwise_uint_theorems" typeName:ident : command =>
+macro "declare_bitwise_uint_theorems" typeName:ident bits:term:arg : command =>
 `(
 namespace $typeName
 
-@[simp] protected theorem and_toNat (a b : $typeName) : (a &&& b).toNat = a.toNat &&& b.toNat := BitVec.toNat_and ..
+@[simp] protected theorem toBitVec_and (a b : $typeName) : (a &&& b).toBitVec = a.toBitVec &&& b.toBitVec := rfl
+@[simp] protected theorem toBitVec_or (a b : $typeName) : (a ||| b).toBitVec = a.toBitVec ||| b.toBitVec := rfl
+@[simp] protected theorem toBitVec_xor (a b : $typeName) : (a ^^^ b).toBitVec = a.toBitVec ^^^ b.toBitVec := rfl
+@[simp] protected theorem toBitVec_shiftLeft (a b : $typeName) : (a <<< b).toBitVec = a.toBitVec <<< (b.toBitVec % $bits) := rfl
+@[simp] protected theorem toBitVec_shiftRight (a b : $typeName) : (a >>> b).toBitVec = a.toBitVec >>> (b.toBitVec % $bits) := rfl
+
+@[simp] protected theorem toNat_and (a b : $typeName) : (a &&& b).toNat = a.toNat &&& b.toNat := by simp [toNat]
+@[simp] protected theorem toNat_or (a b : $typeName) : (a ||| b).toNat = a.toNat ||| b.toNat := by simp [toNat]
+@[simp] protected theorem toNat_xor (a b : $typeName) : (a ^^^ b).toNat = a.toNat ^^^ b.toNat := by simp [toNat]
+@[simp] protected theorem toNat_shiftLeft (a b : $typeName) : (a <<< b).toNat = a.toNat <<< (b.toNat % $bits) % 2 ^ $bits := by simp [toNat]
+@[simp] protected theorem toNat_shiftRight (a b : $typeName) : (a >>> b).toNat = a.toNat >>> (b.toNat % $bits) := by simp [toNat]
+
+open $typeName (toNat_and) in
+@[deprecated toNat_and (since := "2024-11-28")]
+protected theorem and_toNat (a b : $typeName) : (a &&& b).toNat = a.toNat &&& b.toNat := BitVec.toNat_and ..
 
 end $typeName
 )
 
-declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt8
-declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt16
-declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt32
-declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt64
-declare_bitwise_uint_theorems USize
+declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt8 8
+declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt16 16
+declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt32 32
+declare_bitwise_uint_theorems UInt64 64
+declare_bitwise_uint_theorems USize System.Platform.numBits

src/Init/Data/Vector/Basic.lean

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ deriving Repr, DecidableEq
 
 attribute [simp] Vector.size_toArray
 
+/-- Convert `xs : Array α` to `Vector α xs.size`. -/
+abbrev Array.toVector (xs : Array α) : Vector α xs.size := .mk xs rfl
+
 namespace Vector
 
 /-- Syntax for `Vector α n` -/

src/Init/Data/Vector/Lemmas.lean

@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ import Init.Data.Vector.Basic
 Lemmas about `Vector α n`
 -/
 
+namespace Array
+
+theorem toVector_inj {a b : Array α} (h₁ : a.size = b.size) (h₂ : a.toVector.cast h₁ = b.toVector) : a = b := by
+  ext i ih₁ ih₂
+  · exact h₁
+  · simpa using congrArg (fun a => a[i]) h₂
+
+end Array
+
 namespace Vector
 
 @[simp] theorem getElem_mk {data : Array α} {size : data.size = n} {i : Nat} (h : i < n) :
@@ -115,6 +124,9 @@ theorem toArray_mk (a : Array α) (h : a.size = n) : (Vector.mk a h).toArray = a
     (Vector.mk a h).eraseIdx! i = Vector.mk (a.eraseIdx i) (by simp [h, hi]) := by
   simp [Vector.eraseIdx!, hi]
 
+@[simp] theorem cast_mk (a : Array α) (h : a.size = n) (h' : n = m) :
+    (Vector.mk a h).cast h' = Vector.mk a (by simp [h, h']) := rfl
+
 @[simp] theorem extract_mk (a : Array α) (h : a.size = n) (start stop) :
     (Vector.mk a h).extract start stop = Vector.mk (a.extract start stop) (by simp [h]) := rfl
 
@@ -185,6 +197,9 @@ theorem toArray_mk (a : Array α) (h : a.size = n) : (Vector.mk a h).toArray = a
     (a.eraseIdx! i).toArray = a.toArray.eraseIdx! i := by
   cases a; simp_all [Array.eraseIdx!]
 
+@[simp] theorem toArray_cast (a : Vector α n) (h : n = m) :
+    (a.cast h).toArray = a.toArray := rfl
+
 @[simp] theorem toArray_extract (a : Vector α n) (start stop) :
     (a.extract start stop).toArray = a.toArray.extract start stop := rfl
 
@@ -239,6 +254,137 @@ theorem length_toList {α n} (xs : Vector α n) : xs.toList.length = n := by sim
 theorem getElem_toList {α n} (xs : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (h : i < xs.toList.length) :
     xs.toList[i] = xs[i]'(by simpa using h) := by simp
 
+theorem toList_inj {a b : Vector α n} (h : a.toList = b.toList) : a = b := by
+  rcases a with ⟨⟨a⟩, ha⟩
+  rcases b with ⟨⟨b⟩, hb⟩
+  simpa using h
+
+/-! ### set -/
+
+theorem getElem_set (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (hi : i < n) (j : Nat) (hj : j < n) :
+    (a.set i x hi)[j] = if i = j then x else a[j] := by
+  cases a
+  split <;> simp_all [Array.getElem_set]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_set_eq (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (hi : i < n) :
+    (a.set i x hi)[i] = x := by simp [getElem_set]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_set_ne (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (hi : i < n) (j : Nat)
+    (hj : j < n) (h : i ≠ j) : (a.set i x hi)[j] = a[j] := by simp [getElem_set, h]
+
+/-! ### setIfInBounds -/
+
+theorem getElem_setIfInBounds (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (j : Nat)
+    (hj : j < n) : (a.setIfInBounds i x)[j] = if i = j then x else a[j] := by
+  cases a
+  split <;> simp_all [Array.getElem_setIfInBounds]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_setIfInBounds_eq (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (hj : i < n) :
+    (a.setIfInBounds i x)[i] = x := by simp [getElem_setIfInBounds]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_setIfInBounds_ne (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (x : α) (j : Nat)
+    (hj : j < n) (h : i ≠ j) : (a.setIfInBounds i x)[j] = a[j] := by simp [getElem_setIfInBounds, h]
+
+/-! ### append -/
+
+theorem getElem_append (a : Vector α n) (b : Vector α m) (i : Nat) (hi : i < n + m) :
+    (a ++ b)[i] = if h : i < n then a[i] else b[i - n] := by
+  rcases a with ⟨a, rfl⟩
+  rcases b with ⟨b, rfl⟩
+  simp [Array.getElem_append, hi]
+
+theorem getElem_append_left {a : Vector α n} {b : Vector α m} {i : Nat} (hi : i < n) :
+    (a ++ b)[i] = a[i] := by simp [getElem_append, hi]
+
+theorem getElem_append_right {a : Vector α n} {b : Vector α m} {i : Nat} (h : i < n + m) (hi : n ≤ i) :
+    (a ++ b)[i] = b[i - n] := by
+  rw [getElem_append, dif_neg (by omega)]
+
+/-! ### cast -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_cast (a : Vector α n) (h : n = m) (i : Nat) (hi : i < m) :
+    (a.cast h)[i] = a[i] := by
+  cases a
+  simp
+
+/-! ### extract -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_extract (a : Vector α n) (start stop) (i : Nat) (hi : i < min stop n - start) :
+    (a.extract start stop)[i] = a[start + i] := by
+  cases a
+  simp
+
+/-! ### map -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_map (f : α → β) (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (hi : i < n) :
+    (a.map f)[i] = f a[i] := by
+  cases a
+  simp
+
+/-! ### zipWith -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_zipWith (f : α → β → γ) (a : Vector α n) (b : Vector β n) (i : Nat)
+    (hi : i < n) : (zipWith a b f)[i] = f a[i] b[i] := by
+  cases a
+  cases b
+  simp
+
+/-! ### swap -/
+
+theorem getElem_swap (a : Vector α n) (i j : Nat) {hi hj} (k : Nat) (hk : k < n) :
+    (a.swap i j hi hj)[k] = if k = i then a[j] else if k = j then a[i] else a[k] := by
+  cases a
+  simp_all [Array.getElem_swap]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_swap_right (a : Vector α n) {i j : Nat} {hi hj} :
+    (a.swap i j hi hj)[j]'(by simpa using hj) = a[i] := by
+  simp +contextual [getElem_swap]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_swap_left (a : Vector α n) {i j : Nat} {hi hj} :
+    (a.swap i j hi hj)[i]'(by simpa using hi) = a[j] := by
+  simp [getElem_swap]
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_swap_of_ne (a : Vector α n) {i j : Nat} {hi hj} (hp : p < n)
+    (hi' : p ≠ i) (hj' : p ≠ j) : (a.swap i j hi hj)[p] = a[p] := by
+  simp_all [getElem_swap]
+
+@[simp] theorem swap_swap (a : Vector α n) {i j : Nat} {hi hj} :
+    (a.swap i j hi hj).swap i j hi hj = a := by
+  cases a
+  simp_all [Array.swap_swap]
+
+theorem swap_comm (a : Vector α n) {i j : Nat} {hi hj} :
+    a.swap i j hi hj = a.swap j i hj hi := by
+  cases a
+  simp only [swap_mk, mk.injEq]
+  rw [Array.swap_comm]
+
+/-! ### range -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_range (i : Nat) (hi : i < n) : (Vector.range n)[i] = i := by
+  simp [Vector.range]
+
+/-! ### take -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_take (a : Vector α n) (m : Nat) (hi : i < min n m) :
+    (a.take m)[i] = a[i] := by
+  cases a
+  simp
+
+/-! ### drop -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_drop (a : Vector α n) (m : Nat) (hi : i < n - m) :
+    (a.drop m)[i] = a[m + i] := by
+  cases a
+  simp
+
+/-! ### reverse -/
+
+@[simp] theorem getElem_reverse (a : Vector α n) (i : Nat) (hi : i < n) :
+    (a.reverse)[i] = a[n - 1 - i] := by
+  rcases a with ⟨a, rfl⟩
+  simp
+
 /-! ### Decidable quantifiers. -/
 
 theorem forall_zero_iff {P : Vector α 0 → Prop} :

src/Init/GetElem.lean

@@ -118,12 +118,16 @@ instance (priority := low) [GetElem coll idx elem valid] [∀ xs i, Decidable (v
     GetElem? coll idx elem valid where
   getElem? xs i := decidableGetElem? xs i
 
-theorem getElem_congr_coll [GetElem coll idx elem valid] {c d : coll} {i : idx} {h : valid c i}
-    (h' : c = d) : c[i] = d[i]'(h' ▸ h) := by
-  cases h'; rfl
+theorem getElem_congr [GetElem coll idx elem valid] {c d : coll} (h : c = d)
+    {i j : idx} (h' : i = j) (w : valid c i) : c[i] = d[j]'(h' ▸ h ▸ w) := by
+  cases h; cases h'; rfl
 
-theorem getElem_congr [GetElem coll idx elem valid] {c : coll} {i j : idx} {h : valid c i}
-    (h' : i = j) : c[i] = c[j]'(h' ▸ h) := by
+theorem getElem_congr_coll [GetElem coll idx elem valid] {c d : coll} {i : idx} {w : valid c i}
+    (h : c = d) : c[i] = d[i]'(h ▸ w) := by
+  cases h; rfl
+
+theorem getElem_congr_idx [GetElem coll idx elem valid] {c : coll} {i j : idx} {w : valid c i}
+    (h' : i = j) : c[i] = c[j]'(h' ▸ w) := by
   cases h'; rfl
 
 class LawfulGetElem (cont : Type u) (idx : Type v) (elem : outParam (Type w))
@@ -216,13 +220,9 @@ instance : GetElem (List α) Nat α fun as i => i < as.length where
 @[simp] theorem getElem_cons_zero (a : α) (as : List α) (h : 0 < (a :: as).length) : getElem (a :: as) 0 h = a := by
   rfl
 
-@[deprecated getElem_cons_zero (since := "2024-06-12")] abbrev cons_getElem_zero := @getElem_cons_zero
-
 @[simp] theorem getElem_cons_succ (a : α) (as : List α) (i : Nat) (h : i + 1 < (a :: as).length) : getElem (a :: as) (i+1) h = getElem as i (Nat.lt_of_succ_lt_succ h) := by
   rfl
 
-@[deprecated getElem_cons_succ (since := "2024-06-12")] abbrev cons_getElem_succ := @getElem_cons_succ
-
 @[simp] theorem getElem_mem : ∀ {l : List α} {n} (h : n < l.length), l[n]'h ∈ l
   | _ :: _, 0, _ => .head ..
   | _ :: l, _+1, _ => .tail _ (getElem_mem (l := l) ..)
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ theorem getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop {as : List α} {i : Nat} (h : i < as.leng
     as[i] :: as.drop (i+1) = as.drop i :=
   match as, i with
   | _::_, 0   => rfl
-  | _::_, i+1 => getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop (i := i) _
+  | _::_, i+1 => getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop (i := i) (Nat.add_one_lt_add_one_iff.mp h)
 
 @[deprecated getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop (since := "2024-11-05")]
 abbrev get_drop_eq_drop := @getElem_cons_drop_succ_eq_drop
@@ -243,6 +243,12 @@ namespace Array
 instance : GetElem (Array α) Nat α fun xs i => i < xs.size where
   getElem xs i h := xs.get i h
 
+@[simp] theorem get_eq_getElem (a : Array α) (i : Nat) (h) : a.get i h = a[i] := rfl
+
+@[simp] theorem get!_eq_getElem! [Inhabited α] (a : Array α) (i : Nat) : a.get! i = a[i]! := by
+  simp only [get!, getD, get_eq_getElem, getElem!_def]
+  split <;> simp_all [getElem?_pos, getElem?_neg]
+
 end Array
 
 namespace Lean.Syntax

src/Init/Meta.lean

@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ private partial def decodeBinLitAux (s : String) (i : String.Pos) (val : Nat) :
     let c := s.get i
     if c == '0' then decodeBinLitAux s (s.next i) (2*val)
     else if c == '1' then decodeBinLitAux s (s.next i) (2*val + 1)
+    else if c == '_' then decodeBinLitAux s (s.next i) val
     else none
 
 private partial def decodeOctalLitAux (s : String) (i : String.Pos) (val : Nat) : Option Nat :=
@@ -686,6 +687,7 @@ private partial def decodeOctalLitAux (s : String) (i : String.Pos) (val : Nat)
   else
     let c := s.get i
     if '0' ≤ c && c ≤ '7' then decodeOctalLitAux s (s.next i) (8*val + c.toNat - '0'.toNat)
+    else if c == '_' then decodeOctalLitAux s (s.next i) val
     else none
 
 private def decodeHexDigit (s : String) (i : String.Pos) : Option (Nat × String.Pos) :=
@@ -700,13 +702,16 @@ private partial def decodeHexLitAux (s : String) (i : String.Pos) (val : Nat) :
   if s.atEnd i then some val
   else match decodeHexDigit s i with
     | some (d, i) => decodeHexLitAux s i (16*val + d)
-    | none        => none
+    | none        =>
+      if s.get i == '_' then decodeHexLitAux s (s.next i) val
+      else none
 
 private partial def decodeDecimalLitAux (s : String) (i : String.Pos) (val : Nat) : Option Nat :=
   if s.atEnd i then some val
   else
     let c := s.get i
     if '0' ≤ c && c ≤ '9' then decodeDecimalLitAux s (s.next i) (10*val + c.toNat - '0'.toNat)
+    else if c == '_' then decodeDecimalLitAux s (s.next i) val
     else none
 
 def decodeNatLitVal? (s : String) : Option Nat :=
@@ -773,6 +778,8 @@ where
       let c := s.get i
       if '0' ≤ c && c ≤ '9' then
         decodeAfterExp (s.next i) val e sign (10*exp + c.toNat - '0'.toNat)
+      else if c == '_' then
+        decodeAfterExp (s.next i) val e sign exp
       else
         none
 
@@ -793,6 +800,8 @@ where
       let c := s.get i
       if '0' ≤ c && c ≤ '9' then
         decodeAfterDot (s.next i) (10*val + c.toNat - '0'.toNat) (e+1)
+      else if c == '_' then
+        decodeAfterDot (s.next i) val e
       else if c == 'e' || c == 'E' then
         decodeExp (s.next i) val e
       else
@@ -805,6 +814,8 @@ where
       let c := s.get i
       if '0' ≤ c && c ≤ '9' then
         decode (s.next i) (10*val + c.toNat - '0'.toNat)
+      else if c == '_' then
+        decode (s.next i) val
       else if c == '.' then
         decodeAfterDot (s.next i) val 0
       else if c == 'e' || c == 'E' then

src/Init/MetaTypes.lean

@@ -250,6 +250,13 @@ def neutralConfig : Simp.Config := {
   zetaDelta         := false
 }
 
+structure NormCastConfig extends Simp.Config where
+    zeta := false
+    beta := false
+    eta  := false
+    proj := false
+    iota := false
+
 end Simp
 
 /-- Configuration for which occurrences that match an expression should be rewritten. -/

src/Init/PropLemmas.lean

@@ -386,6 +386,15 @@ theorem exists_comm {p : α → β → Prop} : (∃ a b, p a b) ↔ (∃ b a, p
 theorem forall_prop_of_false {p : Prop} {q : p → Prop} (hn : ¬p) : (∀ h' : p, q h') ↔ True :=
   iff_true_intro fun h => hn.elim h
 
+@[simp] theorem and_exists_self (P : Prop) (Q : P → Prop) : (P ∧ ∃ p, Q p) ↔ ∃ p, Q p :=
+  ⟨fun ⟨_, h⟩ => h, fun ⟨p, q⟩ => ⟨p, ⟨p, q⟩⟩⟩
+
+@[simp] theorem exists_and_self (P : Prop) (Q : P → Prop) : ((∃ p, Q p) ∧ P) ↔ ∃ p, Q p :=
+  ⟨fun ⟨h, _⟩ => h, fun ⟨p, q⟩ => ⟨⟨p, q⟩, p⟩⟩
+
+@[simp] theorem forall_self_imp (P : Prop) (Q : P → Prop) : (∀ p : P, P → Q p) ↔ ∀ p, Q p :=
+  ⟨fun h p => h p p, fun h _ p => h p⟩
+
 end quantifiers
 
 /-! ## membership -/

src/Init/System/IO.lean

@@ -981,3 +981,14 @@ not used concurrently or which are already persistent.
 -/
 @[extern "lean_runtime_mark_persistent"]
 unsafe def Runtime.markPersistent (a : α) : BaseIO α := return a
+
+set_option linter.unusedVariables false in
+/--
+Discards the passed owned reference. This leads to `a` any any object reachable from it never being
+freed. This can be a useful optimization for eliding deallocation time of big object graphs that are
+kept alive close to the end of the process anyway (in which case calling `Runtime.markPersistent`
+would be similarly costly to deallocation). It is still considered a safe operation as it cannot
+lead to undefined behavior.
+-/
+@[extern "lean_runtime_forget"]
+def Runtime.forget (a : α) : BaseIO Unit := return

src/Init/System/Mutex.lean

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ prelude
 import Init.System.IO
 import Init.Control.StateRef
 
+
+set_option linter.deprecated false
+
 namespace IO
 
 private opaque BaseMutexImpl : NonemptyType.{0}
@@ -16,12 +19,13 @@ Mutual exclusion primitive (a lock).
 
 If you want to guard shared state, use `Mutex α` instead.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.BaseMutex from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def BaseMutex : Type := BaseMutexImpl.type
 
 instance : Nonempty BaseMutex := BaseMutexImpl.property
 
 /-- Creates a new `BaseMutex`. -/
-@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_new"]
+@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_new", deprecated "Use Std.BaseMutex.new from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque BaseMutex.new : BaseIO BaseMutex
 
 /--
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ Locks a `BaseMutex`.  Waits until no other thread has locked the mutex.
 The current thread must not have already locked the mutex.
 Reentrant locking is undefined behavior (inherited from the C++ implementation).
 -/
-@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_lock"]
+@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_lock", deprecated "Use Std.BaseMutex.lock from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque BaseMutex.lock (mutex : @& BaseMutex) : BaseIO Unit
 
 /--
@@ -39,33 +43,35 @@ Unlocks a `BaseMutex`.
 The current thread must have already locked the mutex.
 Unlocking an unlocked mutex is undefined behavior (inherited from the C++ implementation).
 -/
-@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_unlock"]
+@[extern "lean_io_basemutex_unlock", deprecated "Use Std.BaseMutex.unlock from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque BaseMutex.unlock (mutex : @& BaseMutex) : BaseIO Unit
 
 private opaque CondvarImpl : NonemptyType.{0}
 
 /-- Condition variable. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Condvar from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Condvar : Type := CondvarImpl.type
 
 instance : Nonempty Condvar := CondvarImpl.property
 
 /-- Creates a new condition variable. -/
-@[extern "lean_io_condvar_new"]
+@[extern "lean_io_condvar_new", deprecated "Use Std.Condvar.new from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque Condvar.new : BaseIO Condvar
 
 /-- Waits until another thread calls `notifyOne` or `notifyAll`. -/
-@[extern "lean_io_condvar_wait"]
+@[extern "lean_io_condvar_wait", deprecated "Use Std.Condvar.wait from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque Condvar.wait (condvar : @& Condvar) (mutex : @& BaseMutex) : BaseIO Unit
 
 /-- Wakes up a single other thread executing `wait`. -/
-@[extern "lean_io_condvar_notify_one"]
+@[extern "lean_io_condvar_notify_one", deprecated "Use Std.Condvar.notifyOne from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque Condvar.notifyOne (condvar : @& Condvar) : BaseIO Unit
 
 /-- Wakes up all other threads executing `wait`. -/
-@[extern "lean_io_condvar_notify_all"]
+@[extern "lean_io_condvar_notify_all", deprecated "Use Std.Condvar.notifyAll from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 opaque Condvar.notifyAll (condvar : @& Condvar) : BaseIO Unit
 
 /-- Waits on the condition variable until the predicate is true. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Condvar.waitUntil from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Condvar.waitUntil [Monad m] [MonadLift BaseIO m]
     (condvar : Condvar) (mutex : BaseMutex) (pred : m Bool) : m Unit := do
   while !(← pred) do
@@ -78,6 +84,7 @@ The type `Mutex α` is similar to `IO.Ref α`,
 except that concurrent accesses are guarded by a mutex
 instead of atomic pointer operations and busy-waiting.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Mutex from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 structure Mutex (α : Type) where private mk ::
   private ref : IO.Ref α
   mutex : BaseMutex
@@ -86,6 +93,7 @@ structure Mutex (α : Type) where private mk ::
 instance : CoeOut (Mutex α) BaseMutex where coe := Mutex.mutex
 
 /-- Creates a new mutex. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Mutex.new from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Mutex.new (a : α) : BaseIO (Mutex α) :=
   return { ref := ← mkRef a, mutex := ← BaseMutex.new }
 
@@ -94,9 +102,11 @@ def Mutex.new (a : α) : BaseIO (Mutex α) :=
 with outside monad `m`.
 The action has access to the state `α` of the mutex (via `get` and `set`).
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.AtomicT from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 abbrev AtomicT := StateRefT' IO.RealWorld
 
 /-- `mutex.atomically k` runs `k` with access to the mutex's state while locking the mutex. -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Mutex.atomically from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Mutex.atomically [Monad m] [MonadLiftT BaseIO m] [MonadFinally m]
     (mutex : Mutex α) (k : AtomicT α m β) : m β := do
   try
@@ -110,6 +120,7 @@ def Mutex.atomically [Monad m] [MonadLiftT BaseIO m] [MonadFinally m]
 waiting on `condvar` until `pred` returns true.
 Both `k` and `pred` have access to the mutex's state.
 -/
+@[deprecated "Use Std.Mutex.atomicallyOnce from Std.Sync.Mutex instead" (since := "2024-12-02")]
 def Mutex.atomicallyOnce [Monad m] [MonadLiftT BaseIO m] [MonadFinally m]
     (mutex : Mutex α) (condvar : Condvar)
     (pred : AtomicT α m Bool) (k : AtomicT α m β) : m β :=

src/Init/Tactics.lean

@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ macro "bv_omega" : tactic => `(tactic| (try simp only [bv_toNat] at *) <;> omega
 syntax (name := acNf0) "ac_nf0" (location)? : tactic
 
 /-- Implementation of `norm_cast` (the full `norm_cast` calls `trivial` afterwards). -/
-syntax (name := normCast0) "norm_cast0" (location)? : tactic
+syntax (name := normCast0) "norm_cast0" optConfig (location)? : tactic
 
 /-- `assumption_mod_cast` is a variant of `assumption` that solves the goal
 using a hypothesis. Unlike `assumption`, it first pre-processes the goal and
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ in more situations.
 
 Concretely, it runs `norm_cast` on the goal. For each local hypothesis `h`, it also
 normalizes `h` with `norm_cast` and tries to use that to close the goal. -/
-macro "assumption_mod_cast" : tactic => `(tactic| norm_cast0 at * <;> assumption)
+macro "assumption_mod_cast" cfg:optConfig : tactic => `(tactic| norm_cast0 $cfg at * <;> assumption)
 
 /--
 The `norm_cast` family of tactics is used to normalize certain coercions (*casts*) in expressions.
@@ -1355,26 +1355,9 @@ their operation, to make them more flexible about the expressions they accept
 
 See also `push_cast`, which moves casts inwards rather than lifting them outwards.
 -/
-macro "norm_cast" loc:(location)? : tactic =>
-  `(tactic| norm_cast0 $[$loc]? <;> try trivial)
+macro "norm_cast" cfg:optConfig loc:(location)? : tactic =>
+  `(tactic| norm_cast0 $cfg $[$loc]? <;> try trivial)
 
-/--
-`ac_nf` normalizes equalities up to application of an associative and commutative operator.
-- `ac_nf` normalizes all hypotheses and the goal target of the goal.
-- `ac_nf at l` normalizes at location(s) `l`, where `l` is either `*` or a
-  list of hypotheses in the local context. In the latter case, a turnstile `⊢` or `|-`
-  can also be used, to signify the target of the goal.
-```
-instance : Associative (α := Nat) (.+.) := ⟨Nat.add_assoc⟩
-instance : Commutative (α := Nat) (.+.) := ⟨Nat.add_comm⟩
-
-example (a b c d : Nat) : a + b + c + d = d + (b + c) + a := by
- ac_nf
- -- goal: a + (b + (c + d)) = a + (b + (c + d))
-```
--/
-macro "ac_nf" loc:(location)? : tactic =>
-  `(tactic| ac_nf0 $[$loc]? <;> try trivial)
 
 /--
 `push_cast` rewrites the goal to move certain coercions (*casts*) inward, toward the leaf nodes.
@@ -1417,6 +1400,24 @@ syntax (name := pushCast) "push_cast" optConfig (discharger)? (&" only")?
 -/
 syntax (name := normCastAddElim) "norm_cast_add_elim" ident : command
 
+/--
+`ac_nf` normalizes equalities up to application of an associative and commutative operator.
+- `ac_nf` normalizes all hypotheses and the goal target of the goal.
+- `ac_nf at l` normalizes at location(s) `l`, where `l` is either `*` or a
+  list of hypotheses in the local context. In the latter case, a turnstile `⊢` or `|-`
+  can also be used, to signify the target of the goal.
+```
+instance : Associative (α := Nat) (.+.) := ⟨Nat.add_assoc⟩
+instance : Commutative (α := Nat) (.+.) := ⟨Nat.add_comm⟩
+
+example (a b c d : Nat) : a + b + c + d = d + (b + c) + a := by
+ ac_nf
+ -- goal: a + (b + (c + d)) = a + (b + (c + d))
+```
+-/
+macro "ac_nf" loc:(location)? : tactic =>
+  `(tactic| ac_nf0 $[$loc]? <;> try trivial)
+
 /--
 * `symm` applies to a goal whose target has the form `t ~ u` where `~` is a symmetric relation,
   that is, a relation which has a symmetry lemma tagged with the attribute [symm].

src/Lean/Compiler/IR/Basic.lean

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ then one of the following must hold in each (execution) branch.
 inductive IRType where
   | float | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | usize
   | irrelevant | object | tobject
+  | float32
   | struct (leanTypeName : Option Name) (types : Array IRType) : IRType
   | union (leanTypeName : Name) (types : Array IRType) : IRType
   deriving Inhabited, Repr
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ namespace IRType
 
 partial def beq : IRType → IRType → Bool
   | float,          float          => true
+  | float32,        float32        => true
   | uint8,          uint8          => true
   | uint16,         uint16         => true
   | uint32,         uint32         => true
@@ -104,13 +106,14 @@ partial def beq : IRType → IRType → Bool
 instance : BEq IRType := ⟨beq⟩
 
 def isScalar : IRType → Bool
-  | float  => true
-  | uint8  => true
-  | uint16 => true
-  | uint32 => true
-  | uint64 => true
-  | usize  => true
-  | _      => false
+  | float    => true
+  | float32  => true
+  | uint8    => true
+  | uint16   => true
+  | uint32   => true
+  | uint64   => true
+  | usize    => true
+  | _        => false
 
 def isObj : IRType → Bool
   | object  => true
@@ -611,10 +614,11 @@ def mkIf (x : VarId) (t e : FnBody) : FnBody :=
 
 def getUnboxOpName (t : IRType) : String :=
   match t with
-  | IRType.usize  => "lean_unbox_usize"
-  | IRType.uint32 => "lean_unbox_uint32"
-  | IRType.uint64 => "lean_unbox_uint64"
-  | IRType.float  => "lean_unbox_float"
-  | _             => "lean_unbox"
+  | IRType.usize    => "lean_unbox_usize"
+  | IRType.uint32   => "lean_unbox_uint32"
+  | IRType.uint64   => "lean_unbox_uint64"
+  | IRType.float    => "lean_unbox_float"
+  | IRType.float32  => "lean_unbox_float32"
+  | _               => "lean_unbox"
 
 end Lean.IR

src/Lean/Compiler/IR/EmitC.lean

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ def emitArg (x : Arg) : M Unit :=
 
 def toCType : IRType → String
   | IRType.float      => "double"
+  | IRType.float32    => "float"
   | IRType.uint8      => "uint8_t"
   | IRType.uint16     => "uint16_t"
   | IRType.uint32     => "uint32_t"
@@ -311,12 +312,13 @@ def emitUSet (x : VarId) (n : Nat) (y : VarId) : M Unit := do
 
 def emitSSet (x : VarId) (n : Nat) (offset : Nat) (y : VarId) (t : IRType) : M Unit := do
   match t with
-  | IRType.float  => emit "lean_ctor_set_float"
-  | IRType.uint8  => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint8"
-  | IRType.uint16 => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint16"
-  | IRType.uint32 => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint32"
-  | IRType.uint64 => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint64"
-  | _             => throw "invalid instruction";
+  | IRType.float   => emit "lean_ctor_set_float"
+  | IRType.float32 => emit "lean_ctor_set_float32"
+  | IRType.uint8   => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint8"
+  | IRType.uint16  => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint16"
+  | IRType.uint32  => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint32"
+  | IRType.uint64  => emit "lean_ctor_set_uint64"
+  | _              => throw "invalid instruction";
   emit "("; emit x; emit ", "; emitOffset n offset; emit ", "; emit y; emitLn ");"
 
 def emitJmp (j : JoinPointId) (xs : Array Arg) : M Unit := do
@@ -386,12 +388,13 @@ def emitUProj (z : VarId) (i : Nat) (x : VarId) : M Unit := do
 def emitSProj (z : VarId) (t : IRType) (n offset : Nat) (x : VarId) : M Unit := do
   emitLhs z;
   match t with
-  | IRType.float  => emit "lean_ctor_get_float"
-  | IRType.uint8  => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint8"
-  | IRType.uint16 => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint16"
-  | IRType.uint32 => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint32"
-  | IRType.uint64 => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint64"
-  | _             => throw "invalid instruction"
+  | IRType.float    => emit "lean_ctor_get_float"
+  | IRType.float32  => emit "lean_ctor_get_float32"
+  | IRType.uint8    => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint8"
+  | IRType.uint16   => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint16"
+  | IRType.uint32   => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint32"
+  | IRType.uint64   => emit "lean_ctor_get_uint64"
+  | _               => throw "invalid instruction"
   emit "("; emit x; emit ", "; emitOffset n offset; emitLn ");"
 
 def toStringArgs (ys : Array Arg) : List String :=
@@ -446,11 +449,12 @@ def emitApp (z : VarId) (f : VarId) (ys : Array Arg) : M Unit :=
 
 def emitBoxFn (xType : IRType) : M Unit :=
   match xType with
-  | IRType.usize  => emit "lean_box_usize"
-  | IRType.uint32 => emit "lean_box_uint32"
-  | IRType.uint64 => emit "lean_box_uint64"
-  | IRType.float  => emit "lean_box_float"
-  | _             => emit "lean_box"
+  | IRType.usize   => emit "lean_box_usize"
+  | IRType.uint32  => emit "lean_box_uint32"
+  | IRType.uint64  => emit "lean_box_uint64"
+  | IRType.float   => emit "lean_box_float"
+  | IRType.float32 => emit "lean_box_float32"
+  | _              => emit "lean_box"
 
 def emitBox (z : VarId) (x : VarId) (xType : IRType) : M Unit := do
   emitLhs z; emitBoxFn xType; emit "("; emit x; emitLn ");"

src/Lean/Compiler/IR/EmitLLVM.lean

@@ -315,6 +315,7 @@ def callLeanCtorSetTag (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx)
 def toLLVMType (t : IRType) : M llvmctx (LLVM.LLVMType llvmctx) := do
   match t with
   | IRType.float      => LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx
+  | IRType.float32    => LLVM.floatTypeInContext llvmctx
   | IRType.uint8      => LLVM.intTypeInContext llvmctx 8
   | IRType.uint16     => LLVM.intTypeInContext llvmctx 16
   | IRType.uint32     => LLVM.intTypeInContext llvmctx 32
@@ -817,12 +818,13 @@ def emitSProj (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx)
     (z : VarId) (t : IRType) (n offset : Nat) (x : VarId) : M llvmctx Unit := do
   let (fnName, retty) ←
     match t with
-    | IRType.float  => pure ("lean_ctor_get_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx)
-    | IRType.uint8  => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint8", ← LLVM.i8Type llvmctx)
-    | IRType.uint16 => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint16", ←  LLVM.i16Type llvmctx)
-    | IRType.uint32 => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx)
-    | IRType.uint64 => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint64", ← LLVM.i64Type llvmctx)
-    | _             => throw s!"Invalid type for lean_ctor_get: '{t}'"
+    | IRType.float   => pure ("lean_ctor_get_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx)
+    | IRType.float32 => pure ("lean_ctor_get_float32", ← LLVM.floatTypeInContext llvmctx)
+    | IRType.uint8   => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint8", ← LLVM.i8Type llvmctx)
+    | IRType.uint16  => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint16", ←  LLVM.i16Type llvmctx)
+    | IRType.uint32  => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx)
+    | IRType.uint64  => pure ("lean_ctor_get_uint64", ← LLVM.i64Type llvmctx)
+    | _              => throw s!"Invalid type for lean_ctor_get: '{t}'"
   let argtys := #[ ← LLVM.voidPtrType llvmctx, ← LLVM.unsignedType llvmctx]
   let fn ← getOrCreateFunctionPrototype (← getLLVMModule) retty fnName argtys
   let xval ← emitLhsVal builder x
@@ -862,11 +864,12 @@ def emitBox (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx) (z : VarId) (x : VarId) (xType : IR
   let xv ← emitLhsVal builder x
   let (fnName, argTy, xv) ←
     match xType with
-    | IRType.usize  => pure ("lean_box_usize", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx, xv)
-    | IRType.uint32 => pure ("lean_box_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx, xv)
-    | IRType.uint64 => pure ("lean_box_uint64", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx, xv)
-    | IRType.float  => pure ("lean_box_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx, xv)
-    | _             => do
+    | IRType.usize   => pure ("lean_box_usize", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx, xv)
+    | IRType.uint32  => pure ("lean_box_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx, xv)
+    | IRType.uint64  => pure ("lean_box_uint64", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx, xv)
+    | IRType.float   => pure ("lean_box_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx, xv)
+    | IRType.float32 => pure ("lean_box_float32", ← LLVM.floatTypeInContext llvmctx, xv)
+    | _              =>
          -- sign extend smaller values into i64
          let xv ← LLVM.buildSext builder xv (← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx)
          pure ("lean_box", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx, xv)
@@ -892,11 +895,12 @@ def callUnboxForType (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx)
     (retName : String := "") : M llvmctx (LLVM.Value llvmctx) := do
   let (fnName, retty) ←
      match t with
-     | IRType.usize  => pure ("lean_unbox_usize", ← toLLVMType t)
-     | IRType.uint32 => pure ("lean_unbox_uint32", ← toLLVMType t)
-     | IRType.uint64 => pure ("lean_unbox_uint64", ← toLLVMType t)
-     | IRType.float  => pure ("lean_unbox_float", ← toLLVMType t)
-     | _             => pure ("lean_unbox", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx)
+     | IRType.usize   => pure ("lean_unbox_usize", ← toLLVMType t)
+     | IRType.uint32  => pure ("lean_unbox_uint32", ← toLLVMType t)
+     | IRType.uint64  => pure ("lean_unbox_uint64", ← toLLVMType t)
+     | IRType.float   => pure ("lean_unbox_float", ← toLLVMType t)
+     | IRType.float32 => pure ("lean_unbox_float32", ← toLLVMType t)
+     | _              => pure ("lean_unbox", ← LLVM.size_tType llvmctx)
   let argtys := #[← LLVM.voidPtrType llvmctx ]
   let fn ← getOrCreateFunctionPrototype (← getLLVMModule) retty fnName argtys
   let fnty ← LLVM.functionType retty argtys
@@ -1041,12 +1045,13 @@ def emitJmp (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx) (jp : JoinPointId) (xs : Array Arg)
 def emitSSet (builder : LLVM.Builder llvmctx) (x : VarId) (n : Nat) (offset : Nat) (y : VarId) (t : IRType) : M llvmctx Unit := do
   let (fnName, setty) ←
   match t with
-  | IRType.float  => pure ("lean_ctor_set_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx)
-  | IRType.uint8  => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint8", ← LLVM.i8Type llvmctx)
-  | IRType.uint16 => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint16", ← LLVM.i16Type llvmctx)
-  | IRType.uint32 => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx)
-  | IRType.uint64 => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint64", ← LLVM.i64Type llvmctx)
-  | _             => throw s!"invalid type for 'lean_ctor_set': '{t}'"
+  | IRType.float   => pure ("lean_ctor_set_float", ← LLVM.doubleTypeInContext llvmctx)
+  | IRType.float32 => pure ("lean_ctor_set_float32", ← LLVM.floatTypeInContext llvmctx)
+  | IRType.uint8   => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint8", ← LLVM.i8Type llvmctx)
+  | IRType.uint16  => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint16", ← LLVM.i16Type llvmctx)
+  | IRType.uint32  => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint32", ← LLVM.i32Type llvmctx)
+  | IRType.uint64  => pure ("lean_ctor_set_uint64", ← LLVM.i64Type llvmctx)
+  | _              => throw s!"invalid type for 'lean_ctor_set': '{t}'"
   let argtys := #[ ← LLVM.voidPtrType llvmctx, ← LLVM.unsignedType llvmctx, setty]
   let retty  ← LLVM.voidType llvmctx
   let fn ← getOrCreateFunctionPrototype (← getLLVMModule) retty fnName argtys

src/Lean/Compiler/IR/Format.lean

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ instance : ToString Expr := ⟨fun e => Format.pretty (format e)⟩
 
 private partial def formatIRType : IRType → Format
   | IRType.float        => "float"
+  | IRType.float32      => "float32"
   | IRType.uint8        => "u8"
   | IRType.uint16       => "u16"
   | IRType.uint32       => "u32"

src/Lean/Compiler/LCNF/ToLCNF.lean

@@ -593,6 +593,14 @@ where
       let minor ← visit minor
       mkOverApplication minor args arity
 
+  visitHEqRec (e : Expr) : M Arg :=
+    let arity := 7
+    etaIfUnderApplied e arity do
+      let args := e.getAppArgs
+      let minor := if e.isAppOf ``HEq.rec || e.isAppOf ``HEq.ndrec then args[3]! else args[6]!
+      let minor ← visit minor
+      mkOverApplication minor args arity
+
   visitFalseRec (e : Expr) : M Arg :=
     let arity := 2
     etaIfUnderApplied e arity do
@@ -669,6 +677,8 @@ where
         visitCtor 3 e
       else if declName == ``Eq.casesOn || declName == ``Eq.rec || declName == ``Eq.ndrec then
         visitEqRec e
+      else if declName == ``HEq.casesOn || declName == ``HEq.rec || declName == ``HEq.ndrec then
+        visitHEqRec e
       else if declName == ``And.rec || declName == ``Iff.rec then
         visitAndIffRecCore e (minorPos := 3)
       else if declName == ``And.casesOn || declName == ``Iff.casesOn then

src/Lean/CoreM.lean

@@ -33,7 +33,15 @@ register_builtin_option maxHeartbeats : Nat := {
 
 register_builtin_option Elab.async : Bool := {
   defValue := false
-  descr := "perform elaboration using multiple threads where possible"
+  descr := "perform elaboration using multiple threads where possible\
+    \n\
+    \nThis option defaults to `false` but (when not explicitly set) is overridden to `true` in \
+      `Lean.Language.Lean.process` as used by the cmdline driver and language server. \
+      Metaprogramming users driving elaboration directly via e.g. \
+      `Lean.Elab.Command.elabCommandTopLevel` can opt into asynchronous elaboration by setting \
+      this option but then are responsible for processing messages and other data not only in the \
+      resulting command state but also from async tasks in `Lean.Command.Context.snap?` and \
+      `Lean.Command.State.snapshotTasks`."
 }
 
 /--
@@ -356,9 +364,7 @@ Returns the current log and then resets its messages while adjusting `MessageLog
 for incremental reporting during elaboration of a single command.
 -/
 def getAndEmptyMessageLog : CoreM MessageLog :=
-  modifyGet fun s => (s.messages, { s with
-    messages.unreported := {}
-    messages.hadErrors  := s.messages.hasErrors })
+  modifyGet fun s => (s.messages, { s with messages := s.messages.markAllReported })
 
 instance : MonadLog CoreM where
   getRef      := getRef
@@ -417,7 +423,7 @@ def wrapAsyncAsSnapshot (act : Unit → CoreM Unit) (desc : String := by exact d
     IO.FS.withIsolatedStreams (isolateStderr := stderrAsMessages.get (← getOptions)) do
       let tid ← IO.getTID
       -- reset trace state and message log so as not to report them twice
-      modify ({ · with messages := {}, traceState := { tid } })
+      modify fun st => { st with messages := st.messages.markAllReported, traceState := { tid } }
       try
         withTraceNode `Elab.async (fun _ => return desc) do
           act ()

src/Lean/Data/RArray.lean

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ theorem RArray.get_ofFn {n : Nat} (f : Fin n → α) (h : 0 < n) (i : Fin n) :
   go 0 n h (Nat.le_refl _) (Nat.zero_le _) i.2
 where
   go lb ub h1 h2 (h3 : lb ≤ i.val) (h3 : i.val < ub) : (ofFn.go f lb ub h1 h2).get i = f i := by
-    induction lb, ub, h1, h2 using RArray.ofFn.go.induct (f := f) (n := n)
+    induction lb, ub, h1, h2 using RArray.ofFn.go.induct (n := n)
     case case1 =>
       simp [ofFn.go, RArray.get_eq_getImpl, RArray.getImpl]
       congr
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ theorem RArray.size_ofFn {n : Nat} (f : Fin n → α) (h : 0 < n) :
   go 0 n h (Nat.le_refl _)
 where
   go lb ub h1 h2 : (ofFn.go f lb ub h1 h2).size = ub - lb := by
-    induction lb, ub, h1, h2 using RArray.ofFn.go.induct (f := f) (n := n)
+    induction lb, ub, h1, h2 using RArray.ofFn.go.induct (n := n)
     case case1 => simp [ofFn.go, size]; omega
     case case2 ih1 ih2 hiu => rw [ofFn.go]; simp [size, *]; omega
 

src/Lean/Elab/BuiltinCommand.lean

@@ -488,6 +488,9 @@ where
     let mut lines : Array MessageData := #[]
     let decls ← getOptionDecls
     for (name, val) in opts do
+      -- `#guard_msgs` sets this option internally, we don't want it to end up in its output
+      if name == `Elab.async then
+        continue
       let (isSet, isUnknown) :=
         match decls.find? name with
         | some decl => (decl.defValue != val, false)

src/Lean/Elab/Command.lean

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ structure Context where
   (mutual) defs and contained tactics, in which case the `DynamicSnapshot` is a
   `HeadersParsedSnapshot`.
 
-  Definitely resolved in `Language.Lean.process.doElab`.
+  Definitely resolved in `Lean.Elab.Command.elabCommandTopLevel`.
 
   Invariant: if the bundle's `old?` is set, the context and state at the beginning of current and
   old elaboration are identical.
@@ -287,7 +287,9 @@ def runLinters (stx : Syntax) : CommandElabM Unit := do
               | Exception.internal _ _ =>
                 logException ex
             finally
-              modify fun s => { savedState with messages := s.messages }
+              -- TODO: it would be good to preserve even more state (#4363) but preserving info
+              -- trees currently breaks from linters adding context-less info nodes
+              modify fun s => { savedState with messages := s.messages, traceState := s.traceState }
 
 /--
 Catches and logs exceptions occurring in `x`. Unlike `try catch` in `CommandElabM`, this function
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ def wrapAsyncAsSnapshot (act : Unit → CommandElabM Unit)
     IO.FS.withIsolatedStreams (isolateStderr := Core.stderrAsMessages.get (← getOptions)) do
       let tid ← IO.getTID
       -- reset trace state and message log so as not to report them twice
-      modify ({ · with messages := {}, traceState := { tid } })
+      modify fun st => { st with messages := st.messages.markAllReported, traceState := { tid } }
       try
         withTraceNode `Elab.async (fun _ => return desc) do
           act ()
@@ -344,6 +346,17 @@ def wrapAsyncAsSnapshot (act : Unit → CommandElabM Unit)
 def logSnapshotTask (task : Language.SnapshotTask Language.SnapshotTree) : CommandElabM Unit :=
   modify fun s => { s with snapshotTasks := s.snapshotTasks.push task }
 
+def runLintersAsync (stx : Syntax) : CommandElabM Unit := do
+  if !Elab.async.get (← getOptions) then
+    withoutModifyingEnv do
+      runLinters stx
+    return
+
+  -- We only start one task for all linters for now as most linters are fast and we simply want
+  -- to unblock elaboration of the next command
+  let lintAct ← wrapAsyncAsSnapshot fun _ => runLinters stx
+  logSnapshotTask { range? := none, task := (← BaseIO.asTask lintAct) }
+
 protected def getCurrMacroScope : CommandElabM Nat  := do pure (← read).currMacroScope
 protected def getMainModule     : CommandElabM Name := do pure (← getEnv).mainModule
 
@@ -547,8 +560,13 @@ def elabCommandTopLevel (stx : Syntax) : CommandElabM Unit := withRef stx do pro
     -- rather than engineer a general solution.
     unless (stx.find? (·.isOfKind ``Lean.guardMsgsCmd)).isSome do
       withLogging do
-        runLinters stx
+        runLintersAsync stx
   finally
+    -- Make sure `snap?` is definitely resolved; we do not use it for reporting as `#guard_msgs` may
+    -- be the caller of this function and add new messages and info trees
+    if let some snap := (← read).snap? then
+      snap.new.resolve default
+
     -- note the order: first process current messages & info trees, then add back old messages & trees,
     -- then convert new traces to messages
     let mut msgs := (← get).messages

src/Lean/Elab/Frontend.lean

@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ def runFrontend
     IO.FS.writeFile ⟨out⟩ <| Json.compress <| toJson profile
 
   let hasErrors := snaps.getAll.any (·.diagnostics.msgLog.hasErrors)
+  -- no point in freeing the snapshot graph and all referenced data this close to process exit
+  Runtime.forget snaps
   pure (cmdState.env, !hasErrors)
 
 

src/Lean/Elab/GuardMsgs.lean

@@ -140,9 +140,15 @@ def MessageOrdering.apply (mode : MessageOrdering) (msgs : List String) : List S
         |>.trim |> removeTrailingWhitespaceMarker
     let (whitespace, ordering, specFn) ← parseGuardMsgsSpec spec?
     let initMsgs ← modifyGet fun st => (st.messages, { st with messages := {} })
-    -- The `#guard_msgs` command is special-cased in `elabCommandTopLevel` to ensure linters only run once.
-    elabCommandTopLevel cmd
-    let msgs := (← get).messages
+    -- do not forward snapshot as we don't want messages assigned to it to leak outside
+    withReader ({ · with snap? := none }) do
+      -- The `#guard_msgs` command is special-cased in `elabCommandTopLevel` to ensure linters only run once.
+      elabCommandTopLevel cmd
+    -- collect sync and async messages
+    let msgs := (← get).messages ++
+      (← get).snapshotTasks.foldl (· ++ ·.get.getAll.foldl (· ++ ·.diagnostics.msgLog) {}) {}
+    -- clear async messages as we don't want them to leak outside
+    modify ({ · with snapshotTasks := #[] })
     let mut toCheck : MessageLog := .empty
     let mut toPassthrough : MessageLog := .empty
     for msg in msgs.toList do

src/Lean/Elab/MutualDef.lean

@@ -399,6 +399,20 @@ register_builtin_option linter.unusedSectionVars : Bool := {
   descr := "enable the 'unused section variables in theorem body' linter"
 }
 
+register_builtin_option debug.proofAsSorry : Bool := {
+  defValue := false
+  group    := "debug"
+  descr    := "replace the bodies (proofs) of theorems with `sorry`"
+}
+
+/-- Returns true if `k` is a theorem, option `debug.proofAsSorry` is set to true, and the environment contains the axiom `sorryAx`. -/
+private def useProofAsSorry (k : DefKind) : CoreM Bool := do
+  if k.isTheorem then
+    if debug.proofAsSorry.get (← getOptions) then
+      if (← getEnv).contains ``sorryAx then
+        return true
+  return false
+
 private def elabFunValues (headers : Array DefViewElabHeader) (vars : Array Expr) (sc : Command.Scope) : TermElabM (Array Expr) :=
   headers.mapM fun header => do
     let mut reusableResult? := none
@@ -420,7 +434,9 @@ private def elabFunValues (headers : Array DefViewElabHeader) (vars : Array Expr
         for h : i in [0:header.binderIds.size] do
           -- skip auto-bound prefix in `xs`
           addLocalVarInfo header.binderIds[i] xs[header.numParams - header.binderIds.size + i]!
-        let val ← withReader ({ · with tacSnap? := header.tacSnap? }) do
+        let val ← if (← useProofAsSorry header.kind) then
+          mkSorry type false
+        else withReader ({ · with tacSnap? := header.tacSnap? }) do
           -- Store instantiated body in info tree for the benefit of the unused variables linter
           -- and other metaprograms that may want to inspect it without paying for the instantiation
           -- again

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/Main.lean

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ private def addAndCompilePartial (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (useSorry := fa
       let value ← if useSorry then
         mkLambdaFVars xs (← mkSorry type (synthetic := true))
       else
-        liftM <| mkInhabitantFor preDef.declName xs type
+        let msg := m!"failed to compile 'partial' definition '{preDef.declName}'"
+        liftM <| mkInhabitantFor msg xs type
       addNonRec { preDef with
         kind  := DefKind.«opaque»
         value

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/MkInhabitant.lean

@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ private partial def mkInhabitantForAux? (xs insts : Array Expr) (type : Expr) (u
       return none
 
 /- TODO: add a global IO.Ref to let users customize/extend this procedure -/
-def mkInhabitantFor (declName : Name) (xs : Array Expr) (type : Expr) : MetaM Expr :=
+def mkInhabitantFor (failedToMessage : MessageData) (xs : Array Expr) (type : Expr) : MetaM Expr :=
   withInhabitedInstances xs fun insts => do
     if let some val ← mkInhabitantForAux? xs insts type false <||> mkInhabitantForAux? xs insts type true then
       return val
     else
       throwError "\
-        failed to compile 'partial' definition '{declName}', could not prove that the type\
+        {failedToMessage}, could not prove that the type\
         {indentExpr (← mkForallFVars xs type)}\n\
         is nonempty.\n\
         \n\

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/WF/Eqns.lean

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ structure EqnInfo extends EqnInfoCore where
   declNameNonRec  : Name
   fixedPrefixSize : Nat
   argsPacker      : ArgsPacker
+  hasInduct       : Bool
   deriving Inhabited
 
 private partial def deltaLHSUntilFix (mvarId : MVarId) : MetaM MVarId := mvarId.withContext do
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def mkEqns (declName : Name) (info : EqnInfo) : MetaM (Array Name) :=
 builtin_initialize eqnInfoExt : MapDeclarationExtension EqnInfo ← mkMapDeclarationExtension
 
 def registerEqnsInfo (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (declNameNonRec : Name) (fixedPrefixSize : Nat)
-    (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) : MetaM Unit := do
+    (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (hasInduct : Bool) : MetaM Unit := do
   preDefs.forM fun preDef => ensureEqnReservedNamesAvailable preDef.declName
   /-
   See issue #2327.
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ def registerEqnsInfo (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (declNameNonRec : Name) (fi
       modifyEnv fun env =>
         preDefs.foldl (init := env) fun env preDef =>
           eqnInfoExt.insert env preDef.declName { preDef with
-            declNames, declNameNonRec, fixedPrefixSize, argsPacker }
+            declNames, declNameNonRec, fixedPrefixSize, argsPacker, hasInduct }
 
 def getEqnsFor? (declName : Name) : MetaM (Option (Array Name)) := do
   if let some info := eqnInfoExt.find? (← getEnv) declName then

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/WF/Fix.lean

@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ def groupGoalsByFunction (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (numFuncs : Nat) (goals : Arr
     let type ← goal.getType
     let (.mdata _ (.app _ param)) := type
         | throwError "MVar does not look like a recursive call:{indentExpr type}"
-    let (funidx, _) ← argsPacker.unpack param
+    let some (funidx, _) := argsPacker.unpack param
+        | throwError "Cannot unpack param, unexpected expression:{indentExpr param}"
     r := r.modify funidx (·.push goal)
   return r
 

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/WF/GuessLex.lean

@@ -352,8 +352,10 @@ def collectRecCalls (unaryPreDef : PreDefinition) (fixedPrefixSize : Nat)
         throwError "Insufficient arguments in recursive call"
       let arg := args[fixedPrefixSize]!
       trace[Elab.definition.wf] "collectRecCalls: {unaryPreDef.declName} ({param}) → {unaryPreDef.declName} ({arg})"
-      let (caller, params) ← argsPacker.unpack param
-      let (callee, args) ← argsPacker.unpack arg
+      let some (caller, params) := argsPacker.unpack param
+        | throwError "Cannot unpack param, unexpected expression:{indentExpr param}"
+      let some (callee, args) := argsPacker.unpack arg
+        | throwError "Cannot unpack arg, unexpected expression:{indentExpr arg}"
       RecCallWithContext.create (← getRef) caller (ys ++ params) callee (ys ++ args)
 
 /-- Is the expression a `<`-like comparison of `Nat` expressions -/
@@ -771,6 +773,8 @@ Main entry point of this module:
 
 Try to find a lexicographic ordering of the arguments for which the recursive definition
 terminates. See the module doc string for a high-level overview.
+
+The `preDefs` are used to determine arity and types of arguments; the bodies are ignored.
 -/
 def guessLex (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (unaryPreDef : PreDefinition)
     (fixedPrefixSize : Nat) (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) :

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/WF/Main.lean

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def wfRecursion (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (termArg?s : Array (Option Termi
     unless type.isForall do
       throwError "wfRecursion: expected unary function type: {type}"
     let packedArgType := type.bindingDomain!
-    elabWFRel preDefs unaryPreDef.declName prefixArgs argsPacker packedArgType wf fun wfRel => do
+    elabWFRel (preDefs.map (·.declName)) unaryPreDef.declName prefixArgs argsPacker packedArgType wf fun wfRel => do
       trace[Elab.definition.wf] "wfRel: {wfRel}"
       let (value, envNew) ← withoutModifyingEnv' do
         addAsAxiom unaryPreDef
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def wfRecursion (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (termArg?s : Array (Option Termi
   -- Reason: the nested proofs may be referring to the _unsafe_rec.
   addAndCompilePartialRec preDefs
   let preDefs ← preDefs.mapM (abstractNestedProofs ·)
-  registerEqnsInfo preDefs preDefNonRec.declName fixedPrefixSize argsPacker
+  registerEqnsInfo preDefs preDefNonRec.declName fixedPrefixSize argsPacker (hasInduct := true)
   for preDef in preDefs do
     markAsRecursive preDef.declName
     generateEagerEqns preDef.declName

src/Lean/Elab/PreDefinition/WF/Rel.lean

@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ If the `termArgs` map the packed argument `argType` to `β`, then this function
 continuation a value of type `WellFoundedRelation argType` that is derived from the instance
 for `WellFoundedRelation β` using `invImage`.
 -/
-def elabWFRel (preDefs : Array PreDefinition) (unaryPreDefName : Name) (prefixArgs : Array Expr)
+def elabWFRel (declNames : Array Name) (unaryPreDefName : Name) (prefixArgs : Array Expr)
     (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (argType : Expr) (termArgs : TerminationArguments)
     (k : Expr → TermElabM α) : TermElabM α := withDeclName unaryPreDefName do
   let α := argType
   let u ← getLevel α
-  let β ← checkCodomains (preDefs.map (·.declName)) prefixArgs argsPacker.arities termArgs
+  let β ← checkCodomains declNames prefixArgs argsPacker.arities termArgs
   let v ← getLevel β
   let packedF ← argsPacker.uncurryND (termArgs.map (·.fn.beta prefixArgs))
   let inst ← synthInstance (.app (.const ``WellFoundedRelation [v]) β)

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/Reflect.lean

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import Std.Data.HashMap
 import Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Bitblast.BVExpr.Basic
 import Lean.Meta.AppBuilder
 import Lean.ToExpr
+import Lean.Data.RArray
 
 /-!
 This module contains the implementation of the reflection monad, used by all other components of this
@@ -138,9 +139,11 @@ structure State where
   -/
   atoms : Std.HashMap Expr Atom := {}
   /--
-  A cache for `atomsAssignment`.
+  A cache for `atomsAssignment`. We maintain the invariant that this value is only used if
+  `atoms` is non empty. The reason for not using an `Option` is that it would pollute a lot of code
+  with error handling that is never hit as this invariant is enforced before all of this code.
   -/
-  atomsAssignmentCache : Expr := mkConst ``List.nil [.zero]
+  atomsAssignmentCache : Expr := mkConst `illegal
 
 /--
 The reflection monad, used to track `BitVec` variables that we see as we traverse the context.
@@ -157,9 +160,9 @@ structure ReifiedBVExpr where
   -/
   bvExpr : BVExpr width
   /--
-  A proof that `bvExpr.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVExpr`.
+  A proof that `bvExpr.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVExpr`, none if it holds by `rfl`.
   -/
-  evalsAtAtoms : M Expr
+  evalsAtAtoms : M (Option Expr)
   /--
   A cache for `toExpr bvExpr`.
   -/
@@ -174,9 +177,9 @@ structure ReifiedBVPred where
   -/
   bvPred : BVPred
   /--
-  A proof that `bvPred.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVPredExpr`.
+  A proof that `bvPred.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVPredExpr`, none if it holds by `rfl`.
   -/
-  evalsAtAtoms : M Expr
+  evalsAtAtoms : M (Option Expr)
   /--
   A cache for `toExpr bvPred`
   -/
@@ -191,9 +194,9 @@ structure ReifiedBVLogical where
   -/
   bvExpr : BVLogicalExpr
   /--
-  A proof that `bvExpr.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVLogicalExpr`.
+  A proof that `bvExpr.eval atomsAssignment = originalBVLogicalExpr`, none if it holds by `rfl`.
   -/
-  evalsAtAtoms : M Expr
+  evalsAtAtoms : M (Option Expr)
   /--
   A cache for `toExpr bvExpr`
   -/
@@ -228,9 +231,9 @@ def run (m : M α) : MetaM α :=
 /--
 Retrieve the atoms as pairs of their width and expression.
 -/
-def atoms : M (List (Nat × Expr)) := do
+def atoms : M (Array (Nat × Expr)) := do
   let sortedAtoms := (← getThe State).atoms.toArray.qsort (·.2.atomNumber < ·.2.atomNumber)
-  return sortedAtoms.map (fun (expr, {width, ..}) => (width, expr)) |>.toList
+  return sortedAtoms.map (fun (expr, {width, ..}) => (width, expr))
 
 /--
 Retrieve a `BitVec.Assignment` representing the atoms we found so far.
@@ -257,11 +260,37 @@ def lookup (e : Expr) (width : Nat) (synthetic : Bool) : M Nat := do
 where
   updateAtomsAssignment : M Unit := do
     let as ← atoms
-    let packed :=
-      as.map (fun (width, expr) => mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVExpr.PackedBitVec.mk) (toExpr width) expr)
-    let packedType := mkConst ``BVExpr.PackedBitVec
-    let newAtomsAssignment ← mkListLit packedType packed
-    modify fun s => { s with atomsAssignmentCache := newAtomsAssignment }
+    if h : 0 < as.size then
+      let ras := Lean.RArray.ofArray as h
+      let packedType := mkConst ``BVExpr.PackedBitVec
+      let pack := fun (width, expr) => mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVExpr.PackedBitVec.mk) (toExpr width) expr
+      let newAtomsAssignment := ras.toExpr packedType pack
+      modify fun s => { s with atomsAssignmentCache := newAtomsAssignment }
+    else
+      throwError "updateAtomsAssignment should only be called when there is an atom"
+
+@[specialize]
+def simplifyBinaryProof' (mkFRefl : Expr → Expr) (fst : Expr) (fproof : Option Expr)
+    (mkSRefl : Expr → Expr) (snd : Expr) (sproof : Option Expr) : Option (Expr × Expr) := do
+  match fproof, sproof with
+  | some fproof, some sproof => some (fproof, sproof)
+  | some fproof, none => some (fproof, mkSRefl snd)
+  | none, some sproof => some (mkFRefl fst, sproof)
+  | none, none => none
+
+@[specialize]
+def simplifyBinaryProof (mkRefl : Expr → Expr) (fst : Expr) (fproof : Option Expr) (snd : Expr)
+    (sproof : Option Expr) : Option (Expr × Expr) := do
+  simplifyBinaryProof' mkRefl fst fproof mkRefl snd sproof
+
+@[specialize]
+def simplifyTernaryProof (mkRefl : Expr → Expr) (fst : Expr) (fproof : Option Expr) (snd : Expr)
+    (sproof : Option Expr) (thd : Expr) (tproof : Option Expr) : Option (Expr × Expr × Expr) := do
+  match fproof, simplifyBinaryProof mkRefl snd sproof thd tproof with
+  | some fproof, some stproof => some (fproof, stproof)
+  | some fproof, none => some (fproof, mkRefl snd, mkRefl thd)
+  | none, some stproof => some (mkRefl fst, stproof)
+  | none, none => none
 
 end M
 

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/ReifiedBVExpr.lean

@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ Register `e` as an atom of `width` that might potentially be `synthetic`.
 def mkAtom (e : Expr) (width : Nat) (synthetic : Bool) : M ReifiedBVExpr := do
   let ident ← M.lookup e width synthetic
   let expr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVExpr.var) (toExpr width) (toExpr ident)
-  let proof := do
-    let evalExpr ← mkEvalExpr width expr
-    return mkBVRefl width evalExpr
+  -- This is safe because this proof always holds definitionally.
+  let proof := pure none
   return ⟨width, .var ident, proof, expr⟩
 
 /--
@@ -70,9 +69,8 @@ Build a reified version of the constant `val`.
 def mkBVConst (val : BitVec w) : M ReifiedBVExpr := do
   let bvExpr : BVExpr w := .const val
   let expr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVExpr.const) (toExpr w) (toExpr val)
-  let proof := do
-    let evalExpr ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr w expr
-    return ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl w evalExpr
+  -- This is safe because this proof always holds definitionally.
+  let proof := pure none
   return ⟨w, bvExpr, proof, expr⟩
 
 end ReifiedBVExpr

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/ReifiedBVLogical.lean

@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ Build a reified version of the constant `val`.
 def mkBoolConst (val : Bool) : M ReifiedBVLogical := do
   let boolExpr := .const val
   let expr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BoolExpr.const) (mkConst ``BVPred) (toExpr val)
-  let proof := pure <| ReifiedBVLogical.mkRefl (toExpr val)
+  -- This is safe because this proof always holds definitionally.
+  let proof := pure none
   return ⟨boolExpr, proof, expr⟩
 
 /--
@@ -71,8 +72,13 @@ def mkGate (lhs rhs : ReifiedBVLogical) (lhsExpr rhsExpr : Expr) (gate : Gate) :
   let proof := do
     let lhsEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr lhs.expr
     let rhsEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr rhs.expr
-    let lhsProof ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
-    let rhsProof ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let lhsProof? ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let rhsProof? ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let some (lhsProof, rhsProof) :=
+      M.simplifyBinaryProof
+        ReifiedBVLogical.mkRefl
+        lhsEvalExpr lhsProof?
+        rhsEvalExpr rhsProof? | return none
     return mkApp6
       (mkConst congrThm)
       lhsExpr rhsExpr
@@ -95,8 +101,9 @@ def mkNot (sub : ReifiedBVLogical) (subExpr : Expr) : M ReifiedBVLogical := do
   let boolExpr := .not sub.bvExpr
   let expr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BoolExpr.not) (mkConst ``BVPred) sub.expr
   let proof := do
+    -- This is safe as `not_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+    let some subProof ← sub.evalsAtAtoms | return none
     let subEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr sub.expr
-    let subProof ← sub.evalsAtAtoms
     return mkApp3 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.Bool.not_congr) subExpr subEvalExpr subProof
   return ⟨boolExpr, proof, expr⟩
 
@@ -119,9 +126,15 @@ def mkIte (discr lhs rhs : ReifiedBVLogical) (discrExpr lhsExpr rhsExpr : Expr)
     let discrEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr discr.expr
     let lhsEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr lhs.expr
     let rhsEvalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr rhs.expr
-    let discrProof ← discr.evalsAtAtoms
-    let lhsProof ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
-    let rhsProof ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let discrProof? ← discr.evalsAtAtoms
+    let lhsProof? ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let rhsProof? ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let some (discrProof, lhsProof, rhsProof) :=
+      M.simplifyTernaryProof
+        ReifiedBVLogical.mkRefl
+        discrEvalExpr discrProof?
+        lhsEvalExpr lhsProof?
+        rhsEvalExpr rhsProof? | return none
     return mkApp9
       (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.Bool.ite_congr)
       discrExpr lhsExpr rhsExpr

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/ReifiedBVPred.lean

@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ def boolAtom (t : Expr) : M (Option ReifiedBVPred) := do
   let bvExpr : BVPred := .getLsbD atom.bvExpr 0
   let expr := mkApp3 (mkConst ``BVPred.getLsbD) (toExpr 1) atom.expr (toExpr 0)
   let proof := do
+    -- ofBool_congr does not hold definitionally, if this ever becomes an issue we need to find
+    -- a more clever encoding for boolean atoms
     let atomEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr atom.width atom.expr
-    let atomProof ← atom.evalsAtAtoms
+    let atomProof := (← atom.evalsAtAtoms).getD (ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl atom.width atomEval)
     return mkApp3
       (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.ofBool_congr)
       t
@@ -63,9 +65,14 @@ def mkBinPred (lhs rhs : ReifiedBVExpr) (lhsExpr rhsExpr : Expr) (pred : BVBinPr
         rhs.expr
     let proof := do
       let lhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr lhs.width lhs.expr
-      let lhsProof ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
       let rhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr rhs.width rhs.expr
-      let rhsProof ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+      let lhsProof? ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
+      let rhsProof? ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+      let some (lhsProof, rhsProof) :=
+        M.simplifyBinaryProof
+          (ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl lhs.width)
+          lhsEval lhsProof?
+          rhsEval rhsProof? | return none
       return mkApp7
         (mkConst congrThm)
         (toExpr lhs.width)
@@ -90,8 +97,9 @@ def mkGetLsbD (sub : ReifiedBVExpr) (subExpr : Expr) (idx : Nat) : M ReifiedBVPr
   let idxExpr := toExpr idx
   let expr := mkApp3 (mkConst ``BVPred.getLsbD) (toExpr sub.width) sub.expr idxExpr
   let proof := do
+    -- This is safe as `getLsbD_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+    let some subProof ← sub.evalsAtAtoms | return none
     let subEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr sub.width sub.expr
-    let subProof ← sub.evalsAtAtoms
     return mkApp5
       (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.getLsbD_congr)
       idxExpr

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/ReifiedLemmas.lean

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ where
 
     let proof := do
       let evalExpr ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr imp.expr
-      let congrProof ← imp.evalsAtAtoms
+      let congrProof := (← imp.evalsAtAtoms).getD (ReifiedBVLogical.mkRefl evalExpr)
       let lemmaProof := mkApp4 (mkConst lemmaName) (toExpr lhs.width) discrExpr lhsExpr rhsExpr
 
       let trueExpr := mkConst ``Bool.true

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/Reify.lean

@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ where
           inner.expr
       let proof := do
         let innerEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr inner.width inner.expr
-        let innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms
+        -- This is safe as `zeroExtend_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+        let some innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms | return none
         return mkApp5 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.zeroExtend_congr)
           newWidthExpr
           (toExpr inner.width)
@@ -132,7 +133,8 @@ where
           inner.expr
       let proof := do
         let innerEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr inner.width inner.expr
-        let innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms
+        -- This is safe as `zeroExtend_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+        let some innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms | return none
         return mkApp5 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.signExtend_congr)
           newWidthExpr
           (toExpr inner.width)
@@ -150,9 +152,13 @@ where
         lhs.expr rhs.expr
       let proof := do
         let lhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr lhs.width lhs.expr
-        let lhsProof ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
-        let rhsProof ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
         let rhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr rhs.width rhs.expr
+        let lhsProof? ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
+        let rhsProof? ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+        let some (lhsProof, rhsProof) :=
+          M.simplifyBinaryProof'
+            (ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl lhs.width) lhsEval lhsProof?
+            (ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl rhs.width) rhsEval rhsProof? | return none
         return mkApp8 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.append_congr)
           (toExpr lhs.width) (toExpr rhs.width)
           lhsExpr lhsEval
@@ -169,7 +175,8 @@ where
         inner.expr
       let proof := do
         let innerEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr inner.width inner.expr
-        let innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms
+        -- This is safe as `zeroExtend_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+        let some innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms | return none
         return mkApp5 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.replicate_congr)
           (toExpr n)
           (toExpr inner.width)
@@ -189,7 +196,8 @@ where
         inner.expr
       let proof := do
         let innerEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr inner.width inner.expr
-        let innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms
+        -- This is safe as `zeroExtend_congr` holds definitionally if the arguments are defeq.
+        let some innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms | return none
         return mkApp6 (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.BitVec.extract_congr)
           startExpr
           lenExpr
@@ -301,11 +309,16 @@ where
       return none
 
   binaryCongrProof (lhs rhs : ReifiedBVExpr) (lhsExpr rhsExpr : Expr) (congrThm : Expr) :
-      M Expr := do
+      M (Option Expr) := do
     let lhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr lhs.width lhs.expr
-    let lhsProof ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
-    let rhsProof ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
     let rhsEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr rhs.width rhs.expr
+    let lhsProof? ← lhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let rhsProof? ← rhs.evalsAtAtoms
+    let some (lhsProof, rhsProof) :=
+      M.simplifyBinaryProof
+        (ReifiedBVExpr.mkBVRefl lhs.width)
+        lhsEval lhsProof?
+        rhsEval rhsProof? | return none
     return mkApp6 congrThm lhsExpr rhsExpr lhsEval rhsEval lhsProof rhsProof
 
   unaryReflection (innerExpr : Expr) (op : BVUnOp) (congrThm : Name) :
@@ -316,9 +329,9 @@ where
     let proof := unaryCongrProof inner innerExpr (mkConst congrThm)
     return some ⟨inner.width, bvExpr, proof, expr⟩
 
-  unaryCongrProof (inner : ReifiedBVExpr) (innerExpr : Expr) (congrProof : Expr) : M Expr := do
+  unaryCongrProof (inner : ReifiedBVExpr) (innerExpr : Expr) (congrProof : Expr) : M (Option Expr) := do
     let innerEval ← ReifiedBVExpr.mkEvalExpr inner.width inner.expr
-    let innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms
+    let some innerProof ← inner.evalsAtAtoms | return none
     return mkApp4 congrProof (toExpr inner.width) innerExpr innerEval innerProof
 
   goBvLit (x : Expr) : M (Option ReifiedBVExpr) := do

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/BVDecide/Frontend/BVDecide/SatAtBVLogical.lean

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ partial def of (h : Expr) : LemmaM (Option SatAtBVLogical) := do
     let proof := do
       let evalLogic ← ReifiedBVLogical.mkEvalExpr bvLogical.expr
       -- this is evalLogic = lhsExpr
-      let evalProof ← bvLogical.evalsAtAtoms
+      let evalProof := (← bvLogical.evalsAtAtoms).getD (ReifiedBVLogical.mkRefl evalLogic)
       -- h is lhsExpr = true
       -- we prove evalLogic = true by evalLogic = lhsExpr = true
       return ReifiedBVLogical.mkTrans evalLogic lhsExpr (mkConst ``Bool.true) evalProof h
@@ -61,13 +61,16 @@ def and (x y : SatAtBVLogical) : SatAtBVLogical where
 
 /-- Given a proof that `x.expr.Unsat`, produce a proof of `False`. -/
 def proveFalse (x : SatAtBVLogical) (h : Expr) : M Expr := do
-  let atomsList ← M.atomsAssignment
-  let evalExpr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVLogicalExpr.eval) atomsList x.expr
-  return mkApp3
-    (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.Bool.false_of_eq_true_of_eq_false)
-    evalExpr
-    (← x.satAtAtoms)
-    (.app h atomsList)
+  if (← get).atoms.isEmpty then
+    throwError "Unable to identify any relevant atoms."
+  else
+    let atomsList ← M.atomsAssignment
+    let evalExpr := mkApp2 (mkConst ``BVLogicalExpr.eval) atomsList x.expr
+    return mkApp3
+      (mkConst ``Std.Tactic.BVDecide.Reflect.Bool.false_of_eq_true_of_eq_false)
+      evalExpr
+      (← x.satAtAtoms)
+      (.app h atomsList)
 
 
 end SatAtBVLogical

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/NormCast.lean

@@ -168,20 +168,16 @@ def numeralToCoe (e : Expr) : MetaM Simp.Result := do
   let some pr ← proveEqUsingDown e newE | failure
   return pr
 
+declare_config_elab elabNormCastConfig NormCastConfig
+
 /--
 The core simplification routine of `normCast`.
 -/
-def derive (e : Expr) : MetaM Simp.Result := do
+def derive (e : Expr) (config : NormCastConfig := {}) : MetaM Simp.Result := do
   withTraceNode `Tactic.norm_cast (fun _ => return m!"{e}") do
   let e ← instantiateMVars e
 
-  let config : Simp.Config := {
-    zeta := false
-    beta := false
-    eta  := false
-    proj := false
-    iota := false
-  }
+  let config := config.toConfig
   let congrTheorems ← Meta.getSimpCongrTheorems
 
   let r : Simp.Result := { expr := e }
@@ -193,13 +189,13 @@ def derive (e : Expr) : MetaM Simp.Result := do
   -- step 1: pre-processing of numerals
   let r ← withTrace "pre-processing numerals" do
     let post e := return Simp.Step.done (← try numeralToCoe e catch _ => pure {expr := e})
-    let ctx ← Simp.mkContext (config := config) (congrTheorems := congrTheorems)
+    let ctx ← Simp.mkContext config (congrTheorems := congrTheorems)
     r.mkEqTrans (← Simp.main r.expr ctx (methods := { post })).1
 
   -- step 2: casts are moved upwards and eliminated
   let r ← withTrace "moving upward, splitting and eliminating" do
     let post := upwardAndElim (← normCastExt.up.getTheorems)
-    let ctx ← Simp.mkContext (config := config) (congrTheorems := congrTheorems)
+    let ctx ← Simp.mkContext config (congrTheorems := congrTheorems)
     r.mkEqTrans (← Simp.main r.expr ctx (methods := { post })).1
 
   let simprocs ← ({} : Simp.SimprocsArray).add `reduceCtorEq false
@@ -234,32 +230,33 @@ open Term
   | _ => throwUnsupportedSyntax
 
 /-- Implementation of the `norm_cast` tactic when operating on the main goal. -/
-def normCastTarget : TacticM Unit :=
+def normCastTarget (cfg : NormCastConfig) : TacticM Unit :=
   liftMetaTactic1 fun goal => do
     let tgt ← instantiateMVars (← goal.getType)
-    let prf ← derive tgt
+    let prf ← derive tgt cfg
     applySimpResultToTarget goal tgt prf
 
 /-- Implementation of the `norm_cast` tactic when operating on a hypothesis. -/
-def normCastHyp (fvarId : FVarId) : TacticM Unit :=
+def normCastHyp (cfg : NormCastConfig) (fvarId : FVarId) : TacticM Unit :=
   liftMetaTactic1 fun goal => do
     let hyp ← instantiateMVars (← fvarId.getDecl).type
-    let prf ← derive hyp
+    let prf ← derive hyp cfg
     return (← applySimpResultToLocalDecl goal fvarId prf false).map (·.snd)
 
 @[builtin_tactic normCast0]
 def evalNormCast0 : Tactic := fun stx => do
   match stx with
-  | `(tactic| norm_cast0 $[$loc?]?) =>
+  | `(tactic| norm_cast0 $cfg $[$loc?]?) =>
     let loc := if let some loc := loc? then expandLocation loc else Location.targets #[] true
+    let cfg ← elabNormCastConfig cfg
     withMainContext do
       match loc with
       | Location.targets hyps target =>
-        if target then normCastTarget
-        (← getFVarIds hyps).forM normCastHyp
+        if target then (normCastTarget cfg)
+        (← getFVarIds hyps).forM (normCastHyp cfg)
       | Location.wildcard =>
-        normCastTarget
-        (← (← getMainGoal).getNondepPropHyps).forM normCastHyp
+        normCastTarget cfg
+        (← (← getMainGoal).getNondepPropHyps).forM (normCastHyp cfg)
   | _ => throwUnsupportedSyntax
 
 @[builtin_tactic Lean.Parser.Tactic.Conv.normCast]

src/Lean/Elab/Tactic/Omega/Frontend.lean

@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ partial def asLinearComboImpl (e : Expr) : OmegaM (LinearCombo × OmegaM Expr ×
     | .app (.app (.app (.app (.const ``Prod.mk [u, v]) _) _) x) y =>
       rewrite e (mkApp4 (.const ``Prod.snd_mk [u, v]) α x β y)
     | _ => mkAtomLinearCombo e
+  | (``Int.negSucc, #[n]) => rewrite e (mkApp (.const ``Int.negSucc_eq []) n)
   | _ => mkAtomLinearCombo e
 where
   /--

src/Lean/Expr.lean

@@ -1235,6 +1235,9 @@ def getRevArg!' : Expr → Nat → Expr
 @[inline] def getArgD (e : Expr) (i : Nat) (v₀ : Expr) (n := e.getAppNumArgs) : Expr :=
   getRevArgD e (n - i - 1) v₀
 
+/-- Return `true` if `e` contains any loose bound variables.
+
+This is a constant time operation. -/
 def hasLooseBVars (e : Expr) : Bool :=
   e.looseBVarRange > 0
 
@@ -1247,6 +1250,11 @@ def isArrow (e : Expr) : Bool :=
   | forallE _ _ b _ => !b.hasLooseBVars
   | _ => false
 
+/--
+Return `true` if `e` contains the specified loose bound variable with index `bvarIdx`.
+
+This operation traverses the expression tree.
+-/
 @[extern "lean_expr_has_loose_bvar"]
 opaque hasLooseBVar (e : @& Expr) (bvarIdx : @& Nat) : Bool
 

src/Lean/Language/Lean.lean

@@ -433,6 +433,8 @@ where
         }
       -- now that imports have been loaded, check options again
       let opts ← reparseOptions setup.opts
+      -- default to async elaboration; see also `Elab.async` docs
+      let opts := Elab.async.setIfNotSet opts true
       let cmdState := Elab.Command.mkState headerEnv msgLog opts
       let cmdState := { cmdState with
         infoState := {

src/Lean/Linter/Deprecated.lean

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ def checkDeprecated [Monad m] [MonadEnv m] [MonadLog m] [AddMessageContext m] [M
   if getLinterValue linter.deprecated (← getOptions) then
     let some attr := deprecatedAttr.getParam? (← getEnv) declName | pure ()
     logWarning <| .tagged ``deprecatedAttr <|
-      s!"`{declName}` has been deprecated" ++ match attr.text? with
+      m!"`{.ofConstName declName true}` has been deprecated" ++ match attr.text? with
       | some text => s!": {text}"
       | none => match attr.newName? with
-        | some newName => s!": use `{newName}` instead"
+        | some newName => m!": use `{.ofConstName newName true}` instead"
         | none => ""

src/Lean/Message.lean

@@ -441,6 +441,10 @@ instance : Append MessageLog :=
 def hasErrors (log : MessageLog) : Bool :=
   log.hadErrors || log.unreported.any (·.severity matches .error)
 
+/-- Clears unreported messages while preserving `hasErrors`. -/
+def markAllReported (log : MessageLog) : MessageLog :=
+  { log with unreported := {}, hadErrors  := log.hasErrors }
+
 def errorsToWarnings (log : MessageLog) : MessageLog :=
   { unreported := log.unreported.map (fun m => match m.severity with | MessageSeverity.error => { m with severity := MessageSeverity.warning } | _ => m) }
 

src/Lean/Meta/ArgsPacker.lean

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Unpacks a unary packed argument created with `Unary.pack`.
 
 Throws an error if the expression is not of that form.
 -/
-def unpack (arity : Nat) (e : Expr) : MetaM (Array Expr) := do
+def unpack (arity : Nat) (e : Expr) : Option (Array Expr) := do
   let mut e := e
   let mut args := #[]
   while args.size + 1 < arity do
@@ -95,11 +95,10 @@ def unpack (arity : Nat) (e : Expr) : MetaM (Array Expr) := do
       args := args.push (e.getArg! 2)
       e := e.getArg! 3
     else
-      throwError "Unexpected expression while unpacking n-ary argument"
+      none
   args := args.push e
   return args
 
-
 /--
   Given a (dependent) tuple `t` (using `PSigma`) of the given arity.
   Return an array containing its "elements".
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ argument and function index.
 
 Throws an error if the expression is not of that form.
 -/
-def unpack (numFuncs : Nat) (expr : Expr) : MetaM (Nat × Expr) := do
+def unpack (numFuncs : Nat) (expr : Expr) : Option (Nat × Expr) := do
   let mut funidx := 0
   let mut e := expr
   while funidx + 1 < numFuncs do
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ def unpack (numFuncs : Nat) (expr : Expr) : MetaM (Nat × Expr) := do
       e := e.getArg! 2
       break
     else
-      throwError "Unexpected expression while unpacking mutual argument:{indentExpr expr}"
+      none
   return (funidx, e)
 
 
@@ -377,14 +376,17 @@ and `(z : C) → R₂[z]`, returns an expression of type
 (x : A ⊕' C) → (match x with | .inl x => R₁[x] | .inr R₂[z])
 ```
 -/
-def uncurry (es : Array Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
-  let types ← es.mapM inferType
-  let resultType ← uncurryType types
+def uncurryWithType (resultType : Expr) (es : Array Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
   forallBoundedTelescope resultType (some 1) fun xs codomain => do
     let #[x] := xs | unreachable!
     let value ← casesOn x codomain es.toList
     mkLambdaFVars #[x] value
 
+def uncurry (es : Array Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
+  let types ← es.mapM inferType
+  let resultType ← uncurryType types
+  uncurryWithType resultType es
+
 /--
 Given unary expressions `e₁`, `e₂` with types `(x : A) → R`
 and `(z : C) → R`, returns an expression of type
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ def curryType (n : Nat) (type : Expr) : MetaM (Array Expr) := do
 
 end Mutual
 
--- Now for the main definitions in this moduleo
+-- Now for the main definitions in this module
 
 /-- The number of functions being packed -/
 def numFuncs (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) : Nat := argsPacker.varNamess.size
@@ -422,6 +424,10 @@ def numFuncs (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) : Nat := argsPacker.varNamess.size
 /-- The arities of the functions being packed -/
 def arities (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) : Array Nat := argsPacker.varNamess.map (·.size)
 
+def onlyOneUnary (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) :=
+  argsPacker.varNamess.size = 1 &&
+  argsPacker.varNamess[0]!.size = 1
+
 def pack (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (domain : Expr) (fidx : Nat) (args : Array Expr)
     : MetaM Expr := do
   assert! fidx < argsPacker.numFuncs
@@ -436,14 +442,13 @@ return the function index that is called and the arguments individually.
 
 We expect precisely the expressions produced by `pack`, with manifest
 `PSum.inr`, `PSum.inl` and `PSigma.mk` constructors, and thus take them apart
-rather than using projectinos.
+rather than using projections.
 -/
-def unpack (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (e : Expr) : MetaM (Nat × Array Expr) := do
+def unpack (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (e : Expr) : Option (Nat × Array Expr) := do
   let (funidx, e) ← Mutual.unpack argsPacker.numFuncs e
   let args ← Unary.unpack argsPacker.varNamess[funidx]!.size e
   return (funidx, args)
 
-
 /--
 Given types `(x : A) → (y : B[x]) → R₁[x,y]` and `(z : C) → R₂[z]`, returns the type uncurried type
 ```
@@ -465,6 +470,10 @@ def uncurry (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (es : Array Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
   let unary ← (Array.zipWith argsPacker.varNamess es Unary.uncurry).mapM id
   Mutual.uncurry unary
 
+def uncurryWithType (argsPacker : ArgsPacker) (resultType : Expr) (es : Array Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
+  let unary ← (Array.zipWith argsPacker.varNamess es Unary.uncurry).mapM id
+  Mutual.uncurryWithType resultType unary
+
 /--
 Given expressions `e₁`, `e₂` with types `(x : A) → (y : B[x]) → R`
 and `(z : C) → R`, returns an expression of type

src/Lean/Meta/CtorRecognizer.lean

@@ -35,11 +35,27 @@ def isConstructorApp? (e : Expr) : MetaM (Option ConstructorVal) := do
 
 /--
 Similar to `isConstructorApp?`, but uses `whnf`.
+It also uses `isOffset?` for `Nat`.
+
+See also `Lean.Meta.constructorApp'?`.
 -/
 def isConstructorApp'? (e : Expr) : MetaM (Option ConstructorVal) := do
-  if let some r ← isConstructorApp? e then
+  if let some (_, k) ← isOffset? e then
+    if k = 0 then
+      return none
+    else
+      let .ctorInfo val ← getConstInfo ``Nat.succ | return none
+      return some val
+  else if let some r ← isConstructorApp? e then
     return r
-  isConstructorApp? (← whnf e)
+  else try
+    /-
+    We added the `try` block here because `whnf` fails at terms `n ^ m`
+    when `m` is a big numeral, and `n` is a numeral. This is a little bit hackish.
+    -/
+    isConstructorApp? (← whnf e)
+  catch _ =>
+    return none
 
 /--
 Returns `true`, if `e` is constructor application of builtin literal defeq to
@@ -70,7 +86,9 @@ def constructorApp? (e : Expr) : MetaM (Option (ConstructorVal × Array Expr)) :
 
 /--
 Similar to `constructorApp?`, but on failure it puts `e` in WHNF and tries again.
-It also `isOffset?`
+It also uses `isOffset?` for `Nat`.
+
+See also `Lean.Meta.isConstructorApp'?`.
 -/
 def constructorApp'? (e : Expr) : MetaM (Option (ConstructorVal × Array Expr)) := do
   if let some (e, k) ← isOffset? e then

src/Lean/Meta/LitValues.lean

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def getStringValue? (e : Expr) : (Option String) :=
   | .lit (.strVal s) => some s
   | _ => none
 
-/-- Return `some ⟨n, v⟩` if `e` is af `OfNat.ofNat` application encoding a `Fin n` with value `v` -/
+/-- Return `some ⟨n, v⟩` if `e` is an `OfNat.ofNat` application encoding a `Fin n` with value `v` -/
 def getFinValue? (e : Expr) : MetaM (Option ((n : Nat) × Fin n)) := OptionT.run do
   let (v, type) ← getOfNatValue? e ``Fin
   let n ← getNatValue? (← whnfD type.appArg!)

src/Lean/Meta/Tactic/FunInd.lean

@@ -719,13 +719,11 @@ def deriveUnaryInduction (name : Name) : MetaM Name := do
         let e' ← abstractIndependentMVars mvars (← motive.fvarId!.getDecl).index e'
         let e' ← mkLambdaFVars #[motive] e'
 
-        -- We could pass (usedOnly := true) below, and get nicer induction principles that
-        -- do not mention odd unused parameters.
-        -- But the downside is that automatic instantiation of the principle (e.g. in a tactic
-        -- that derives them from an function application in the goal) is harder, as
-        -- one would have to infer or keep track of which parameters to pass.
-        -- So for now lets just keep them around.
-        let e' ← mkLambdaFVars (binderInfoForMVars := .default) fixedParams e'
+        -- We used to pass (usedOnly := false) below in the hope that the types of the
+        -- induction principle match the type of the function better.
+        -- But this leads to avoidable parameters that make functional induction strictly less
+        -- useful (e.g. when the unsued parameter mentions bound variables in the users' goal)
+        let e' ← mkLambdaFVars (binderInfoForMVars := .default) (usedOnly := true) fixedParams e'
         instantiateMVars e'
     | _ =>
       if funBody.isAppOf ``WellFounded.fix then
@@ -812,7 +810,8 @@ def cleanPackedArgs (eqnInfo : WF.EqnInfo) (value : Expr) : MetaM Expr := do
       let args := e.getAppArgs
       if eqnInfo.fixedPrefixSize + 1 ≤ args.size then
         let packedArg := args.back!
-          let (i, unpackedArgs) ← eqnInfo.argsPacker.unpack packedArg
+          let some (i, unpackedArgs) := eqnInfo.argsPacker.unpack packedArg
+            | throwError "Unexpected packedArg:{indentExpr packedArg}"
           let e' := .const eqnInfo.declNames[i]! e.getAppFn.constLevels!
           let e' := mkAppN e' args.pop
           let e' := mkAppN e' unpackedArgs
@@ -1062,13 +1061,11 @@ def deriveInductionStructural (names : Array Name) (numFixed : Nat) : MetaM Unit
           let e' ← abstractIndependentMVars mvars (← motives.back!.fvarId!.getDecl).index e'
           let e' ← mkLambdaFVars motives e'
 
-          -- We could pass (usedOnly := true) below, and get nicer induction principles that
-          -- do not mention odd unused parameters.
-          -- But the downside is that automatic instantiation of the principle (e.g. in a tactic
-          -- that derives them from an function application in the goal) is harder, as
-          -- one would have to infer or keep track of which parameters to pass.
-          -- So for now lets just keep them around.
-          let e' ← mkLambdaFVars (binderInfoForMVars := .default) xs e'
+          -- We used to pass (usedOnly := false) below in the hope that the types of the
+          -- induction principle match the type of the function better.
+          -- But this leads to avoidable parameters that make functional induction strictly less
+          -- useful (e.g. when the unsued parameter mentions bound variables in the users' goal)
+          let e' ← mkLambdaFVars (binderInfoForMVars := .default) (usedOnly := true) xs e'
           let e' ← instantiateMVars e'
           trace[Meta.FunInd] "complete body of mutual induction principle:{indentExpr e'}"
           pure e'
@@ -1114,11 +1111,16 @@ def isFunInductName (env : Environment) (name : Name) : Bool := Id.run do
   let .str p s := name | return false
   match s with
   | "induct" =>
-    if (WF.eqnInfoExt.find? env p).isSome then return true
+    if let some eqnInfo := WF.eqnInfoExt.find? env p then
+      unless eqnInfo.hasInduct do
+        return false
+      return true
     if (Structural.eqnInfoExt.find? env p).isSome then return true
     return false
   | "mutual_induct" =>
     if let some eqnInfo := WF.eqnInfoExt.find? env p then
+      unless eqnInfo.hasInduct do
+        return false
       if h : eqnInfo.declNames.size > 1 then
         return eqnInfo.declNames[0] = p
     if let some eqnInfo := Structural.eqnInfoExt.find? env p then